How to tie computers. Network between two computers or laptops. Stage. Setting up a local network

The connection of two computers using a cable may be needed in a wide variety of situations. Using the cable cross, you can carry out a working connection between two computers, between two laptops or between a laptop and a computer. In particular, such a connection can be useful to those users who want to cross the large-volume files from one machine to another (for example, a collection of films or music albums).

The use of the cable is ideal if you want to connect two computers, and there is no special network equipment at hand. If two network cards are installed on one of the machines, you can easily configure Internet access on this machine and on the other. If only one network card is installed on computers, it will not be possible to do so.

We will analyze the two options in detail. In the first case, we will tell about the features of the connection setting, when only one network card is installed on each computer. In the second case, the settings will mean the presence of two network cards on one of the computers (suitable as an ordinary PC with two cards and a laptop with one ordinary network adapter and the second wireless).

What you need to connect two computers

For cable connection of computers, we will not need any special network equipment. All operations can be carried out independently with the minimum set of components.

We will need:

Actually two computers
Cross Cable
Preferabity and a little patience

Cross cable can be easily bought at any electronics store or on a radio station. Also, if desired, such a cable can be prepared independently, but it will undoubtedly be more complicated and longer. Pickup Cross cable is listed below.

The finished cable that will be used to connect the computers is shown below.

This option is used most often, because there are few on any computers (especially PC) two network cards are installed. In most cases, the home computer is equipped with a single network card. With this form, both machines will not have access to the Internet. The overall connection scheme is shown in the photo below.

After the physical cable connection of the two computers, it is necessary to carry out simple network settings. We will analyze in detail the whole process of setting, so that you do not have any questions.

To get started, go to the Network Management Center and Sharing and go to the "Changing Adapter Settings" link.

After that, double-click on the cable network connection.

Click on "Properties".

Install selectors opposite the manual job of the network parameters and fit the values \u200b\u200bthere as in the photo below.

Click "OK" and "Apply". On the second computer, the sequence of actions is similar, but in the IP address field we prescribe the value "192.168.0.2". After such simple settings between the two computers will be installed a working connection.

To check the performance of the created network on the second PC, press the "Win + R" key combination and enter the "CMD" command.

In the window that appears, set the "Ping 192.168.0.1" command. In response, a message on successful packet transmission will appear.

You can do the same on the first computer, only asked the "Ping 192.168.0.2" command. If you can not propen the network, you can not, then you have done something wrong or the connection blocks the antivirus or firewall.

Now consider the option, how to connect two computers with a cable so that you can enter the Internet from each computer. To do this, two network cards must be installed on one of the machines: one for connecting to another computer, the second to connect the provider cable. The overall connection scheme is shown in the photo below.

The network settings coincide with those that we looked at in the first method except for one point. In addition to the IP address and masks still need to set the gateway.

On a computer with two network cards, you must configure network access to the Internet in order to use the Internet on the first computer to use the Internet. To this end, on the computer with the address 192.168.0.1, we turn into the "Access" tab and set the check box opposite the appropriate inscription. After that, from both computers can be released.

conclusions

We found out how you can connect two computers using a cable cross and how to carry out the correct connection setting for normal network operation. We really hope that this information will help you solve the task of connecting two computers quickly and efficiently.

Electricity is the area in which you need to do everything correctly and thoroughly. In this regard, many prefer to understand everything on their own, and not to trust unauthorized people. One of the key points is to connect the wires in the junction box. The quality of the work depends on the first, the correctness of the system's work, and secondly - security is electrical and fire.

What is a junction box

From the electric shield, the wires are diverged by rooms in the house or apartment. In each room, as a rule, not one connection point: a few sockets and the switch is accurate. To standardize the methods of connecting wires and collect them in one place, use junction boxes (they are sometimes called branching or dispensing). They are breeding cables from all connected devices, the compound of which occurs inside the hollow body.

So that in the process of the next repair does not search for wiring, it is paved according to certain rules that are written in PUE - rules of the device of electrical installations.

One of the recommendations is to carry out all connections and branches of wires in the junction box. Therefore, the wires are allowed at the top of the wall, at a distance of 15 cm from the ceiling level. Having reached the place of branch, the cable is descended vertically down. In the place of branch, a junction box is installed. In it, there is a connection of all wires according to the desired scheme.

By type of installation, the camshafts are internal (for hidden editing) and external. Under the interior in the wall make a hole in which the box is embedded. With this installation, the cover is on the same level with the finishing material. Sometimes in the process of repairing it is closed with finishing materials. However, this installation is not always possible: the thickness of the wall or finish does not allow. Then the box is used for outdoor installation, which is attached directly to the surface of the wall.

In the form of the camshaft can be round or rectangular. Conclusions are usually four, but maybe more. The conclusions have a thread or fitting, which is convenient to mount the corrugated. After all, it is in the corrugated line or a plastic pipe to label the wires. In this case, replace the damaged cable will be very simple. First, disconnect it in the junction box, then from the consumer (socket or switch), pull and pull out. In his place tighten the new one. If you put on the old manner - in the stroke, which is then lining with plaster - to replace the cable will have to hammer the wall. So this is the recommendation of PUE, to which it clearly worth listening to.

What makes junction boxes in general:

Increased maintainability of the power supply system. Since all connections are available, it is easy to determine the area of \u200b\u200bdamage. If the conductors are laid in cable channels (corrugations or pipes), there will be easy to replace the damaged area.
Most of the electrical problems occur in the connections, and in this embodiment, they can be periodically inspected.
Installation of junction boxes increases fire safety levels: all potentially dangerous places are in certain places.
Requires smaller costs of money and labor than cable laying to each of the outlets.

Wire connection methods

In the box, the conductor can be connected in different ways. Some of them are more difficult, are implemented, others are easier, but with the right execution, they all ensure the required reliability.

Twist

The most popular method of folk craftsmen, but the most unreliable. It is not recommended for Pue for use, since it does not provide proper contact, which can lead to overheating and the emergence of fire. This method can be used as temporary, for example, to verify the performance of the collected scheme, with a mandatory subsequent replacement to more reliable.

Even if the connection is temporary, you need to do everything according to the rules. Methods of twist of multicore and single-core conductors are similar, but have some differences.

When a twitch of stranded wires, the order of action is:

insulation is inspired by 4 cm;
conductors are spinning at 2 cm (pos. 1 in the photo);
connected to the joint of the unwrapped conductors (pos 2);
the veins are tightened with fingers (pos 3);
the twist is tightened with pliers or passage (pos 4 in the photo);
it is insulated (tape or reliable to connect a heat shrink tube).

Connection of wires in a distribution box with one residential with a twist is easier. Cleaning conductors are broken and twisted with their fingers over the entire length. Then take the tool (pliers and passage, for example). The conductors near the insulation are clamping, the conductors are second rapidly twisted, increasing the number of turns. Connection location is isolated.

Twist with passwords or pliers

Twist with mounting caps

It is even easier to a twist with the use of special caps. With their use, the connection is more reliably inlaced, the contact is better. The outer part of such a cap is cast from a plastic that does not support the burning, inside the metal conical part with a thread is inserted. This insert provides a large surface of contact, improving the electrical characteristics of the connection. This is a great way to connect two (or more) wires without soldering.

The twist of the wires with the help of caps is even easier: the insulation is removed by 2 cm, the wires are slightly twisted. They wear a cap, with an effort turns several times, as long as the metal is inside the cap. All, the connection is ready.

Caps are selected depending on the cross section and the number of conductors that must be connected. This method is more comfortable: the place takes less than the ordinary twist, everything stacked compact.

Soldering

If there is a soldering iron in the house, and you know how to contact him a little, it is better to use a soldering. Before the twig of the wires are broken: apply a layer of rosin or soldering flux. Preheated soldering iron dip in rosin, and spend several times stripped from the insulation of the part. It appears a characteristic flair of reddish.

After that, the wires are twisted, as described above (twist), then take a tin to the soldering iron, warm up the twist until the molten tin becomes the inclects between the turns, enveloping the connection and ensuring good contact.

This method of installers do not like: it takes a lot of time, but if you make the connection of the wires in the junction box, do not comply with the time and effort, you will save calmly.

Welding wires

If there is, you can use the welding connection. It makes over twist. Exhibit on the device welding current:

for a cross section of 1.5 mm 2 of about 30 A,
for a section of 2.5 mm 2 - 50 A.

The electrode use graphite (it is for copper welding). Grounding ticks neatly cling to the upper part of the twist, to it, they bring the electrode to it, which briefly touch, reaching the ignition of the arc, and remove. Welding occurs for a split second. After cooling, the connection place is insulated. Wire welding process in the junction box, see the video.

Terminal blocks

Another connection of the wires in the distribution box - with the help of terminal blocks - terminal shots, as they are also called. There are different types of pads: with clips and screw, but, in general, the principle of their device is one. There is a copper sleeve / plate and wiring system. They are arranged so that inserting two / three / four conductor into the right place, you connect them securely. In the installation, everything is very simple.

Screw terminal blocks have a plastic housing in which the contact plate is fixed. They have two types: with hidden contacts (new) and open - old sample. In any of them, the conductor purified from the insulation is inserted into the socket (length to 1 cm) and clamping with a screw and screwdriver.

Their disadvantage is that it is not very convenient to connect a large number of wires in them. Contacts are located in pairs, and if you need to connect three and more wires, you have to be squeezed into one socket two wires, which is difficult. But they can be used in branches with significant current consumption.

Another type of pads is Vago Terminals. These are pads for quick installation. Mainly use two types:

The peculiarity of these terminal blocks is that they can only be used at low currents: up to 24 A when the copper wire section is 1.5 mm, and up to 32 A with a cross section of 2.5 mm. When connecting loads with high current consumption, the wire connection in the junction box must be performed in another way.

Pressing

This method is possible in the presence of special ticks and a metal sleeve. The sleeve is put on the twist, it is inserted into the tick and clamping - it is pressed. This method is just suitable for lines with a large ampere load (like welding or soldering). Look in detail in the video. It even contains a distribution box model so it will be useful.

Basic chosen schemes

To know which way to make the connection of wires in the distribution box is not all. It is necessary to figure out which conductors to connect.

How to connect sockets

As a rule, the rosette group goes a separate line. In this case, everything is clear: you have three cables for three (or two) conductor in the box. Coloring can be like in the photo. In this case, usually brown is a phase wire, blue - zero (neutral), and yellow-green - grounding.

In another standard, color can be red, black and blue. In this case, the phase is red, blue - neutral, green - grounding. In any case, the wires are collected in colors: all one color in one group.

Then they fold, stretch, cut off to be the same length. Do not cut briefly, leave the reserve at least 10 cm so that if necessary, you can restore the connection. Then the conductors are connected by the selected method.

If there are only two wires are used (there are no shomping in the houses of the old building), everything is also just, only connections are two: phase and neutral. By the way, if the wires of the same color, pre-locate the phase (probe or multimeter) and mark it, at least, wound a piece of insulation tape.

Connecting a single-color switch

In the presence of switch, it's more difficult. There are also three groups, but they have another connection. there is

input - from another junction box or from a shield;
from chandelier;
from switch.

How should the scheme work? Power - "Phase" - enters the switch key. From his exit served on the chandelier. In this case, the chandelier will burn only when the switch contacts are closed ("On" position). This type of connection is shown in the photo below.

If you look carefully, it turns out: the phase is light wire enters the switch. It goes from another contact, but already blue (do not confuse) and connects with a phase wire that goes on the chandelier. Neutral (blue) and earth (if network) twisted directly.

Connecting a two-layer switch

Connecting wires in the junction box If there is a two-block switch, a little more complicated. The peculiarity of this scheme is that the switches into two groups of lamps, a three-core cable must be laid (in the circuit without grounding). One wire is connected to the general contact of the switch, two others - to the key outputs. At the same time it is necessary to remember what color the conductor is connected to the general contact.

In this case, the phase that came, connects to the common switch of the switch. Blue wires (neutral) from the entrance and two lamps simply twist all three together. Wires remain - phase from lamps and two wires from the switch. So we connect them pairwise: one wire from the switch to the phase of one lamp, the second output is to another lamp.

Once again about the connection of the wires in the junction box with a two-block switch in the video format.

I bring to your attention an article about how to connect two computers with each other to the network Using twisted pair (technology Ethernet)using operating systemWindows 7. Twisted steam combines reliability, a small price, provides a sufficiently high data transfer rate and the distance between computers.

If your homes have two or more computers (or for example, a computer and a laptop), then, in my opinion, you need to merge them into the network. Even if you use the Internet. Even if the Internet you have unlimited. The Internet sometimes works unstable, local network using twisted pairs of failures much lessYes, and why spend online traffic, if you sometimes need to share information (or play games) within one room, at home ...

I have previously considered information about that I strongly recommend reading the article first, and then return to this. I will explain why.

Today we will consider only software Aspects Setting Settings In the Operating System 7 operating system. In an article about setting up a network, Windows XPs have considered almost all issues of this process: from measuring the distance between nodes and piercing a twisted pair before connecting the RG 45 for the connectors on the network cards. In addition, there you can find out information about what is aip-addresses And much more on this topic.

Return directly to the task combining two computers to the network in the Windows 7 operating system.

Consider this process in stages:

Stage 1. First of all, you must enable "Shared Access and Network Detection" on both computers that will be connected to the local network.

To do this, open the Start menu and go to the control panel. Next, follow the address:
Control Panel »\u003e Network and Internet\u003e Network Management Center\u003e Change Extras. General Access Parameters ».

Figure 1. Shared access parameters

In the window that will open, note the following items:

- Network detection;

- Sharing files;

- Shared access to shared folders;

Stage 2. Installing the computer name and working group name.

Press the WIN + PAUSE key combination (there is information on the site and others).
The "System Properties" window opens. Go to the "Computer Name" tab and click on the Edit button. In the "Changing Computer Named" window that opens we prescribe the necessary computer name (any, on your "taste") and name of the working group. By default, in operating systems, the name of the Working Group is as Workgroup.. You can leave it. For example, I created a working group called Home Network and assigned the name to the computer HOME PC 1..

Figure 2. Call your computer and create a working group.

Click on the OK button. The system will provide information on the need to reboot. Agree. The process of combining two computers to the network will continue after a reboot.

Stage 3. . Assign IP addresses to computers.

To do this, go to the address:

Start\u003e Control Panel\u003e Network and Internet\u003e Network Management Center and Common Access.

Open the "Local Connection Properties" and select "Internet Protocol version 4 (TCP / IPv 4)

Figure 3. Connection over LAN: Properties.

Then click on the "Properties" button and in the "Properties: Internet Protocol version 4" window, mark the item "Use the following IP Press". Indicate IP-Press

Note. IP address (Internet Protocol Address, Ai-Pi) - Network address of the node (computer or other network equipment) in a computer network built by IP protocol. The IP address is a 32-bit binary number. The basic form of the IP address recording is four decimal numbers (from 0 to 255) separated by points, for example, 192.168.0.1. Note that the range of IP addresses is assigned to local networks 192.168.x.x (x \u003d 0-255).

Clicking in the "Subnet Mask" field and this parameter (subnet mask) will be installed automatically.

Figure 4. Properties: Internet Protocol version 4

For the second computer, you must specify the same workgroup, but another name and IP address.

Stage 4. When appropriate operations have been done with the second computer, it is necessary to check whether communication works on the network.

To do this, press the Win + R keys combination, and enter the command in the "Run" window cmd.exe. Windows command interpreter will be launched.

In order for the power supply in your homes has always been high-quality, uninterrupted and reliable, it is very important when they are installed correctly connect the wires. There are a lot of ways a lot, we will consider in detail each individually with its advantages and disadvantages, with a step-by-step instruction of switching. And also pay attention to the eternal issue of electricals - how to connect wires whose veins are made of different metals (for example, copper and aluminum).

Removing the insulating layer from the wires

Immediately I would like to dwell on the question that will be common to any way. Before connecting the wires into the common electrical node, they must be cleaned from the upper insulating layer.

This can be done with the help of a montarian knife. This method is simple, but the likelihood of damage to the conductive conductors is large. To do everything right, it is necessary to clearly follow the step-by-step instructions:

Position the wire on some flat surface (type of table).
Press it in the index finger of the left hand.
Right hand take the knife and slightly press it into the insulating shell of the wire. In order not to hook a metal core, place it towards the cut at an angle. If the angle is direct, there is the likelihood of a circular survey of the veins, as a result of which it can subsequently break.
Holding a knife in such a position. The index finger of the left hand slowly scroll through the conductor to one full turn, thus having caught insulation throughout the circle.
It remains only to pull the cut piece of insulation.

Professional electricians are now sure to have such a fixture as stripper in their arsenal. This is a multifunctional tool, with it, you can remove isolation from the wire or cut the cable. It can be simple, semi-automatic and automatic. The most important thing is that when removing insulation, the stripper is not damaged by the conductive lived. Under each standard core diameter, such a tool has a calibrated hole with a cutting edge.

The length for which the conductors must be cleaned, for each connection method is different.

Twist

Let's start with the simplest and well-known method - twist. It can also be called the most old, no wonder the electricians between them are called the cleft "Dedovsky method".

We will not tell you that such a connection of wires is distinguished by strength and reliability. According to the main document in PUE electrical engineering ("Rules of electrical installations"), a twist is prohibited at all, despite the fact that it is used everywhere. The fact is that in those days and the load in the apartments was only from lighting, radio or television. If we consider what is now the load in modern apartments with a huge number of household appliances used daily, then no old isolation, sections lived and the wire connection methods are no longer suitable.

Nevertheless, we will talk about a twist, and even first of all, because it is the main stage of such compound options like welding and soldering.

Positive sides

The most important advantage of the twist is that it does not require absolutely no material costs. All that will require is a knife for removing the insulating layer with wires of wires and passage to perform the connection.

The second indisputable plus of the twist is the simplicity of execution. No special knowledge or skills need, will anyone who ever kept the Passatia in his hands.

In the twist, you can simultaneously connect several wires, but their total number should not exceed six.

Negative sides

The main disadvantage of the twist is its clothes, with time it weakens. This is due to the fact that residual elastic deformation is present in the cable veins or wire. In the place of the twist increases the transition resistance, which is fraught with a violation of contact and heating. At best, you will discover this in time and rebuild the connection site, ignition can occur at worst.

With the help of a twist, it is impossible to connect the electrical pipes made from different metals. In order of exception, it is possible to twist the copper and aluminum wire, but only if the copper live will pre-serve the solder.

In electrical engineering, there are the concepts of a terminated or indefinite compound. So the twist does not apply to any or another. The connector connection is characterized by the fact that its ends can be disconnected many times. In the twist it is not fully made, every time after another promotion and the twist has lived, they will deteriorate. It is impossible to call the twist with an indefinite compound, because it does not require the concept of strength, reliability and stability in it. This is another minus of the twisted connection.

Installation

If for some reason you have no opportunity to apply other ways to connect electrical wires, you can use the twist, just make it high quality. Very often it is used as a temporary option and is replaced in the subsequent more reliable ways of switching.

How to connect wires using a twist? For starters, veins are cleaned with 70-80 mm. The main thing, all switched conductors twisted into one single twist at the same time, and not to wink one around the other.

Many mistakenly begin to twist the veins among themselves from the place where the insulating layer ends. But it is better to hold both cores in this place in this place, and the second to capture the tips of the wires and produce rotational movements in the direction of the clockwise direction.

If the cross section is small, you can make a twist with your hands. Align the conductors on the insulation section and hold them tightly in this place the left hand. All switched tips are inne into one single bend at an angle of 90 degrees (the bending lengths of 10-15 mm will be enough). Right hand hold this bend and rotate along the clockwise arrow. It must be done firmly and firmly. If the hands at the end are already difficult to twist, use the passage, as described above. As soon as the twist becomes smooth and beautiful, you can trim the bend.

You can connect several wires so that it is easier to twist them easier, make a long bend, somewhere about 20-30 mm.

How to correctly perform the twist of the wires shown in this video:

There is also a way to perform a twist of wires with a screwdriver, see here:

About the cleaner of wires using a special tool See here:

Now the resulting twist must be thoroughly insulated. For this, the tape is used. Do not spare it, wind in a few layers, and insulating not only the connection itself, but also stand on 2-3 cm on top of the insulation lived. Thus, you will provide a clench insulating reliability and save the contact compound from moisture.

Conduct the connection of the wires and with the help of thermal tubes. The main thing is not to forget to put on the tube in advance on one of the connected lived, and then push into the place of the twist. Under the thermal influence, the thermal tube is compressed, so it is slightly heat its edge, and it grasp the wire firmly, thereby ensuring reliable isolation.

If the twist is performed qualitatively, there is a possibility that it will last you for many years, subject to the normal load current in the network. But still it is better at this stage not to stop and strengthen the place of connection with welding or soldering.

Soldering

Soldering is when the electrical wires are connected using a molten solder. This type of connection is most suitable for copper wires. Although now there are various fluxes and for aluminum, experienced electricians prefer to refrain from such a soldering. But if necessary, you can use special fluxes and soldering even copper with aluminum.