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Greetings to all my blog guests and web development geeks. Today's post will be devoted to familiarizing yourself with such a popular framework as Bootstrap. After reading the current article, you will learn why it was created, how to work with bootstrap and how to install it, what tools this framework provides and where it is most often used. Well, now let's go ahead and analyze the new material!

What is Bootstrap?

Bootstrap Is a framework designed specifically for the front-end (front-end) layout of web services and applications.

It includes standard templates for typography, buttons, forms, various menus, including drop-down menus, tables, modals, navigation, sliders (regular and carousel) and other tools, as well as all kinds of plugins for.

The most popular among them are Tooltip, which is responsible for pop-ups, Dropdown, which is responsible for drop-down lists, Carousel, which organizes a scrollable slider, and a few others.

WITH complete list existing plugins, templates and components can be found on the official website http://getbootstrap.com/getting-started/... Also, with its help, starting from the second version, you can create a responsive layout.

A few words about history

I believe that you need to know a little about the history of the creation of the described tool in order to understand what's what.

Bootstrap was created by Mark Otto and Jacob Thornton specifically for social network Twitter. It acted as an internal library. This is why you sometimes come across the name Twitter Bootstrap.

The library was originally called Twitter Blueprint. However, by the time the product was released to the public (and this happened on August 19, 2011), its name was changed to Bootstrap. Today there are four versions of the framework.

The most visible and demanded on this moment is an Bootstrap 3... It was the first to use the concept mobilefirst... In addition, many amendments and improvements have been introduced.

What are the pros of using Bootstrap?

In fact, as with all technologies, using Bootstrap comes with both positive and negative aspects. Therefore, never use this framework thoughtlessly. In one of the articles, I described in detail the advantages and disadvantages of working with Bootstrap.

And now I want to draw all your attention to the comfortable ready-made solutions which Bootstrap provides and their positives.

So, when connecting the described framework, you are given the opportunity to use such ready-made elements as:

• All sorts of components, which include: navigation bars, dropdowns, buttons, progress bars, pagination and others;
• JavaScript plugins, among which there are transitions, modals and dropdowns, pop-up blocks and tooltips, collapsing, implementing tabs, sliders, and others;
• Grid templates, including floating ones;
• Layouts;
• And of course the implementation of responsive design.

It is worth paying special attention to grids or, as they say about them, layout of layouts. Now there will be a small spoiler, forgive me, because I decided to devote a separate article to this topic, but nothing can be done!

Thanks to this tool, Bootstrap is very often used for writing websites. Because it is a really smart and powerful block layout engine. The creators of the framework provided maximum amount columns - 12. This is more than enough to install the "frame".

In addition, in some situations, using Bootstrap not only simplifies the code, but also significantly saves you time. At the same time, you should not be afraid that some elements will not work in problem browsers (yes, I am hinting at IE), because Bootstrap is fully compatible with.

How to connect the framework?

There are several options for connecting this instrument. Let's start by installing the boot file.

So, on the official website for link, you can download the current versions of Bootstrap. Everything is very simple. Just select the installation package that suits you and click on the "Download" button. From the same site, you can download the alpha version of Bootstrap 4.

The second way is of course using a CDN. So, in order to connect the latest versions of the framework, you need to insert the following link:

If you need to include a minified version of JavaScript, then copy this line here:

Well, topics are connected as follows:

On the russified website, you can watch a training video on connecting this framework ( http://mybootstrap.ru/video-obuchenie-twitter-bootstrap/).

That's all, friends, it's time to say goodbye. Do not forget to share interesting publications with colleagues, as well as subscribe to updates on my blog. Bye Bye!

Bootstrap (current v3.3.1) has several ways to get started, each of which is interesting depending on the level of experience and specific need of use. See what works best for you.

Bootstrap CDN

"https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap.min.css"> "https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.1/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">

Installing with Bower

You can also install and manage Bootstrap "s Less, CSS, JavaScript, and fonts using Bower:

$ bower install bootstrap

What's included

Bootstrap is available in two forms, in which you will find directories and files logically grouped, presented in a compiled and minified version.

JQuery required

note that all JavaScript plugins require jQuery must be connected as shown in. Check out our bower.json to see which versions of jQuery are supported.

Bootstrap 3 Code Collection

Once downloaded, unzip the compressed directories. You should see something similar to this:

Bootstrap / ├── css / │ ├── bootstrap.css │ ├── bootstrap.css.map │ ├── bootstrap.min.css │ ├── bootstrap-theme.css │ ├── bootstrap-theme.css .map │ └── bootstrap-theme.min.css ├── js / │ ├── bootstrap.js │ └── bootstrap.min.js └── fonts / ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.eot ├ ── glyphicons-halflings-regular.svg ├── glyphicons-halflings-regular.ttf └── glyphicons-halflings-regular.woff

This is the most basic form of Bootstrap: compiled files for quick insertion into any web project. We provide a collection of CSS and JS (bootstrap. *) And a minified version of it (bootstrap.min. *). CSS (bootstrap. *. Map) are available for use with certain browsers "developer tools. additional options Bootstrap themes - fonts from Glyphicons are also provided.

Bootstrap Source Code

The Bootstrap source code includes precompiled CSS, JavaScript, and font tools, along with the source Less, JavaScript, and documentation. More specifically, it includes the following and more:

Bootstrap / ├── less / ├── js / ├── fonts / ├── dist / │ ├── css / │ ├── js / │ └── fonts / └── docs / └── examples /

less /, js /, and fonts / of your source CSS, JS, and icons (respectively). The dist / folder includes all of the listed precompiled downloads in the section above. The docs / folder contains the source code for our documentation, and examples / uses of Bootstrap. In addition, any other included file provides support for packages, license and development information.

Compiling CSS and JavaScript

grunt docs (Build & test the docs assets)

Builds and tests CSS, JavaScript, and other assets which are used when running the documentation locally via jekyll serve.

grunt (Build absolutely everything and run tests)

CSS and JavaScript compilations and minifiles, builds a docs site, runs an HTML5 validator against documents, rebuilds customizer assets, and more. Requires Jekyll. This is usually only necessary if you've hacked the Bootstrap loader itself.

Troubleshooting

If you are having trouble installing dependencies or running Grunt commands, first remove the / node_modules / directory generated by npm. Then, repeat npm install.

Basic template

Start with a basic HTML template, or change. We hope you customize our templates and examples to adapt them to your needs.

Below is the HTML that uses the minified version of the Bootstrap document.

"width = device-width, initial-scale = 1">

Hello World!

Sample templates

In the template above, Bootstrap creates many components. We recommend that you customize and adapt Bootstrap according to the needs of your individual project.

Using a framework

Markup

Several examples of markup layouts with all four nesting levels and more.

Steps to block responsive viewing

1. Do not create With name viewport as stated in the css docs
2. Override width, .container for each markup level of a specific width, like this: width: 970px! Important; Make sure this code comes after you include the main Bootstrap CSS code. You can optionally avoid! Important with media queries or with a custom selector.
3. If you are using a navigation menu, remove all the menus that can be collapsed / expanded.
4. For layout layout, use the .col-xs- * classes in addition to or instead of the medium / large classes. Don't worry, markup with the xs (extra small) class scales to all screen sizes.

You still need Respond.js for IE8 (as our media queries still exist and need to be processed). This will block the Bootstrap "Site Mobility" property.

Responsive Locked Bootstrap Template

We have used these steps as an example. View the source code for specific differences.

Migrating from v2.x to v3.x

Look at the transition from old version Bootstrap on v3.x? Check out our transition guide.

Browser and device support

Bootstrap is designed to perform better in newer browsers, meaning older browsers may not always render styles correctly, although they are fully functional in rendering certain components.

Browser support

In particular, we support latest versions from the following browsers and platforms. On Windows, we support Internet Explorer 8-11 ... More specific information support is provided below.

	Chrome	Firefox	Internet Explorer	Opera	Safari
Android	Supported	Supported	N / A	Not supported	N / A
iOS	Supported	N / A		Not supported	Supported
Mac OS X	Supported	Supported		Supported	Supported
Windows	Supported	Supported	Supported	Supported	Not supported

Bootstrap should look and behave reasonably well in Chromium and Chrome for Linux, Firefox for Linux, and Internet Explorer 7, although they are not officially supported.

Internet Explorer 8 and 9

Internet Explorer 8 and 9 are also supported, however please be aware that some CSS3 properties and HTML5 elements are not fully supported by these browsers. Moreover, Internet Explorer 8 requires the use of Respond.js to enable media query support.

Property	Internet Explorer 8	Internet Explorer 9
border-radius	Not supported	Supported
box-shadow	Not supported	Supported
transform	Not supported	Supported with the -ms prefix
transition	Not supported
placeholder	Not supported

One by one, we include this in the documentation and Bootstrap examples as a demonstration.

Percentage rounding in Safari

The rendering engine of versions of Safari prior to v7.1 for OS X and Safari for iOS v8.0 had some trouble with the number of decimal places used in our .col - * - 1 grid classes. So if you had 12 individual grid columns, you "d notice that they came up short compared to other rows of columns. Besides upgrading Safari / iOS, you have some options for workarounds:

• Add .pull-right on your last column in the markup to get a hard right alignment.
• Change percentages manually to get perfect rounding for Safari (more difficult than first option)

Modules, navbars, and virtual keyboards

Overflow and scrolling

Overflow: hidden support for element quite limited in iOS and Android. In the browser of these devices, when scrolling outside the upper or lower modal part, the content in .

Virtual keyboard

Please note - if you are using an input form in a modal window or navigation, iOS has a display error through which the position of fixed elements is not updated when called virtual keyboard... There are some workarounds for this, including transforming elements with position: absolute, or calling a timer when focus is detected on an element and trying to fix it manually. Bootstrap does not handle these errors, so you need to figure it out for yourself.

Navbar Dropdowns

The dropdown-backdrop element is not used on iOS in navigation due to the complexity of the z-index. Thus, to close dropdown menus, you just need to click on the dropdown item (or any other item that will generate a click event in iOS).

Browser scaling

When changing the page size, it inevitably turns out incorrect display some elements: this applies to both Bootstrap and the rest of the web document. Depending on the specific case, we can correct this (if necessary, you can open the corresponding request, but first you need to search for similar requests or not). However, we generally ignore them as they often have no direct solution other than hacky workarounds.

Seal

Even in some modern browsers, printing can be quirky.

In particular, as of Chrome v32 and regardless of margin settings, Chrome uses a viewport width significantly narrower than the physical paper size when resolving media queries while printing a webpage. This can result in Bootstrap "s extra-small grid being unexpectedly activated when printing. See # 12078 for some details. Suggested workarounds:

• Apply extra-small markup and make sure your page looks acceptable.
• Setting the @ screen- * Less variables so that your printer paper is considered more than extra-small.
• Add custom queries to resize print breakpoints only.

Also, as of Safari v8.0, fixed-width .container s can cause Safari to use an unusually small font size when printing. See # 14868 for more details. One potential workaround for this is adding the following CSS:

@media print (.container (width: auto;))

Android stock browser

Out of the box, Android 4.1 (and even some newer releases apparently) puts the app from the browser as it does in the default web browser (as opposed to Chrome). Unfortunately, the browser application has many bugs and inconsistencies with CSS in general.

Select menu

On the element in Android browser no controls will be displayed if border-radius and / or border are present. (See this StackOverflow question for more details.) Use the code snippet below to remove this CSS and make element without style on Android browser. User agent sniffing prevents interference with Chrome, Safari, and Mozilla browsers.

Validators

In order to provide the best possible experience to old and buggy browsers, Bootstrap uses CSS browser hacks in several places to target special CSS to certain browser versions in order to work around bugs in the browsers themselves. These hacks understandably cause CSS validators to complain that they are invalid. In a couple places, we also use bleeding-edge CSS features that aren "t yet fully standardized, but these are used purely for progressive enhancement.

These validation warnings don "t matter in practice since the non-hacky portion of our CSS does fully validate and the hacky portions don" t interfere with the proper functioning of the non-hacky portion, hence why we deliberately ignore these particular warnings.

Our HTML docs likewise have some trivial and inconsequential HTML validation warnings due to our inclusion of a workaround for a certain Firefox bug.

Third party support

While we do not officially support third-party plugins or add-ons, we do offer several useful tips to help you avoid potential problems in your projects.

Block dimension

Depending on the context, you can override box-sizing only where necessary (Option 1), or reset it for entire regions (Option 2).

/ * Box-sizing resets * * Reset individual elements or override regions to avoid conflicts due to * global box model settings of Bootstrap. Two options, individual overrides and * region resets, are available as plain CSS and uncompiled Less formats. * / / * Option 1A: Override a single element "s box model via CSS * /.element (-webkit-box-sizing: content-box; -moz-box-sizing: content-box; box-sizing: content-box;) / * Option 1B: Override a single element "s box model by using a Bootstrap Less mixin * /.element (.box-sizing (content-box);) / * Option 2A: Reset an entire region via CSS * /.reset-box-sizing, .reset-box-sizing *, .reset-box-sizing *: before, .reset-box-sizing *: after (-webkit-box-sizing: content-box; -moz-box -sizing: content-box; box-sizing: content-box;) / * Option 2B: Reset an entire region with a custom Less mixin * /.reset-box-sizing (&, *, *: before, *: after (.box-sizing (content-box);)) .element (.reset-box-sizing ();)

Availability

Bootstrap follows common web standards and — with minimal extra effort — can be used to create sites accessible via AT.

Skip navigation

If your nav has many links and is before the main content in the DOM, add the Go to main content link immediately after the tag .

Skip to main content

Sub headers

When nesting headers (

-

), your document title should be

... The following headers should be logically vibrated using

-

so that the program that reads the headers can construct the page's content.

Colour contrast

Currently, some of the default color combinations available in Bootstrap (such as the various styled button classes, some of the code highlighting colors used for basic code blocks, the .bg-primary contextual background helper class, and the default link color when used on a white background) have a low contrast ratio (below the recommended ratio of 4.5: 1). This can cause problems to users with low vision or who are color blind. These default colors may need to be modified to increase their contrast and legibility.

Additional Resources

It allows you to:

It does not require:

• Includes the source code of Bootstrap, or any changes you made to it, you can build on other distributions what it includes
• Submit changes you made to Bootstrap for demonstration in a Bootstrap project (although feedback is appreciated)

Have you translated a new one or is there a better translation? Open a request to add it to our list.

Before downloading, make sure you have a code editor (we recommend Sublime Text 3) and some knowledge of HTML and CSS. Here we will not touch upon the source files, but you can always download and examine them yourself. We will focus on getting started with Bootstrap compiled files.

Loading compiled files

The fastest way to get started: get compiled and minified versions of our CSS, JS, and images. No documents or source files.

2. File structure

In the downloaded files, you will find the following structure and content, grouped logically by common properties and containing both versions: minified and compiled.

Once downloaded, unzip the compressed folder to see the structure of the (compiled) Bootstrap. It should be something like this:

bootstrap / + - css / ¦ + - bootstrap. css ¦ + - bootstrap. min. css + - js / ¦ + - bootstrap. js ¦ + - bootstrap. min. js + - img / ¦ + - glyphicons - halflings. png ¦ + - glyphicons - halflings - white. png L-- README. md

This is the main form of Bootstrap: compiled files for quick and easy use in almost any Web project. We provide you with compiled CSS and JS (bootstrap. *), As well as compiled and minified CSS and JS (bootstrap.min. *). Image files are compressed using ImageOptim, Mac applications to compress images to PNG.

Please note that all JavaScript plugins require jQuery.

3. What's included

Bootstrap is equipped with HTML, CSS and JS for all kinds of work, they are all listed in categories that you can find at the top of the page.

Sections of documents

Supported items

Generic body styles for resetting type and background, link styles, template grid, and two simple markup elements.

CSS Styles

Styles for common HTML elements: styling, code, tables, forms, and buttons. Also includes Glyphicons, a gorgeous icon pack.

Components

Basic styles for simple interface components: tabs and buttons, navigation bars, messages, page titles, etc.

Javascript plugins

Like components, these Javascript plugins are interactive components for tooltips, information blocks, modal components, and more.

List of components

Together Components and Javascript plugins contain the following items interface:

• Button groups
• Drop-down lists of buttons
• Navigation tabs, buttons and lists
• Navigation bar
• Shortcuts
• Badges
• Page titles and the hero element
• Miniatures
• Posts
• Process indicators
• Modal elements
• Dropdown lists
• Tooltips
• Information blocks
• Element "Accordion"
• Carousel element
• Ahead keyboard input

4. Basic HTML template

After a short introduction, we'll focus on using Bootstrap. To do this, we'll use a basic HTML template that includes all of the elements listed in.

This is how it looks typical HTML file:

7. Hello World!

To do this Bootstrap template, just attach the appropriate CSS and JS files:

9. Hello World!

And everything is set up! By adding these two files, you can develop your site or application using Bootstrap.

Rapidly developing technologies keep us in step with the times. If earlier the design was created on pure HTML and CSS code, today is the time for code libraries.

Many front-end developers who value their time have long been using templating, mesh frameworks, SESS, LESS, Bootstrap and other solutions. That's right, why complicate your life when there are ready-made collections and tasks.

Today we'll take a look at how easy it is to create block grids in bootstrap 3.0. Although I can say with confidence, after half a year, you will need to delve into the new 4 version of bootstrap.

Who is new to Bootstrap?

Bootstrap is a CSS library provided by Twitter and distributed free of charge. It greatly simplifies the life of a web designer. The archive contains a small addition in the form of a js file. More information about installation and use can be found on the official website.

Examples of solutions: http://getbootstrap.com/components/ - tabs, table styling, pop-ups, navigation, menus, vertical lists, buttons, icons and other delights. Also in English. language.

What do you need to know first about bootstrap grids?

Previously, in the second version of bootstrap, there were only some additions for mobile solutions... In the third version, the entire framework was initially adapted for various devices: mobile, tablets, desktops. To clear up now :)

Almost all the functionality of bootstrap is done through the use of elementary classes.

All the body content code is contained in a special div block. It can be of fixed width .container, or full screen. container-fluid.

Grid system

Consists of 12 cells, each of which is a div block, on a row .row.

Now look at the table below to make it easier to understand the following pieces of code.

Depending on the prefix, we will create a mesh for the required device.

Attention! You can create a mesh initially targeting multiple devices at the same time. This is achieved by combining prefixes.

Example 1. Let's create some grids only for desktop devices:

Example 2... Now let's combine the grid for desktop and mobile at the same time:

An article in which we'll look at sites that offer free templates and themes for Bootstrap to web designers, developers, or simply hobbyists.

Sites where you can download Bootstrap templates for free

This site contains free themes and Bootstrap templates for both personal and commercial use. All templates are categorized as landing pages, one-page sites, blogs, portfolios, and more.

Free of charge are available for viewing and downloading on this site. responsive templates Bootstrap. The page for this resource is divided into two sections. The first section (at the top of the page) contains paid templates, and the second section (at the bottom of the page) contains free templates.

The Bootswatch website contains free themes for Bootstrap, which differ from the original only in that they are made in a different color palette. In addition, these themes are very easy to install, just download CSS file and replace the original Bootstrap file with it.

This site features free and paid themes. True, the choice of free themes, and paid ones, is not so great. But, on the other hand, PrepBootstrap contains a very large number of HTML widgets and components (over 100) for the Bootstrap framework.

This web site contains some pretty good themes for Bootstrap. There are both free and paid themes among them. A distinctive feature of this resource is that each topic is presented in the form of an article, to which you can leave comments.

A site that has a very large selection of Twitter Bootstrap themes. For ease of search, all themes are grouped into categories, similar to how it is done on the Start Bootstrap site.

The Free CSS site contains a wide variety of themes, including themes for the Twitter Bootstrap framework. Each of the themes can be viewed live using the "Live Demo" button and, if desired, downloaded.

This site features free HTML5 templates built on top of the Bootstrap framework. All templates are responsive. See how this or that template will look on different devices you can use the corresponding buttons in the live view.

There are over 200 free Bootstrap templates available for download on WebThemez. Each template is accompanied by a description and its key features.