hosts file mac os x. Where is the hosts file located in Mac OS X and how to edit it. How to apply changes to the Hosts file

In short: is it worth changing? iPad mini on iPad mini 2 Retina?
There are only a couple of reasons to swap out your old mini for a new one. First - you need a 4G module aka LTE (it only supports new iPad mini) and the second reason - you want a screen with a retina. The third reason is that something slows down on your first iPad mini, and the last reason is that you are an Apple fan and want to have only the latest models of their devices (although if so, then you already bought it and are reading this post just like that :) . But the new model has one minus that upset me ...

And now about all this in a little more detail:

02. Differences first iPad mini from the second one starts right from the box: the new model has it twice as thick:

03. The characteristics of the devices are almost similar, so we immediately proceed to the screen test. In terms of viewing angles, I do not see any differences between them. Here and below: on the left - the first iPad mini, on the right - iPad mini Retina):

04. We look at the text in the browser. There is a difference? Well, there seems to be a little, if you look closely. It's the same for me personally :)

05. Let's zoom in, it's already a little more noticeable that on the old ipad the font is uneven along the contour:

06. In fact, I read somewhere that sites are not designed for retina screens at all, and only Apple rendered its site for new screen resolutions. Compare, indeed, the difference is more noticeable. But I repeat, for me personally, there is absolutely no difference when surfing:

07. Outwardly, both tablets are identical from all sides. There is only one difference: on the back panel in the upper part, on the iPad mini Retina, an additional slot has been added - this is the second microphone (as far as I understand). Everything else remains unchanged:

09. Let's move on to performance tests. AnTuTu were launched at the same time: on the new model, the test had already ended, and on the old one, at that time it had only reached 80%

10. If we compare the final results, then iPad mini - 13837 parrots, and iPad mini 2 - 28539 parrots. Those. 2 times faster:

11. If you compare in detail, then here:

12. And here's more:

14. According to the characteristics, the difference is naturally in the processor and screen:

15. Judging by the specification, there is a difference in thickness, but I don’t see it visually, and the case from the old model fit the new one without any problems:

16. Cameras are the same:

17. Appeared proximity sensor? And why should he?

18. The new model has more capacious battery, though the tablet's operating time has not increased, tk. The tablet itself began to consume more. But in order to charge this larger battery, I had to make a new charger, which is 3 times thinner than the first iPad mini. This is the downside:

If you don't have an iPad mini and you're wondering which one to get, the old one or the new one, then get the new one. And if you are thinking of switching from iPad mini to iPad mini 2 Retina, then only if you need LTE. I had 2 reasons: the first is the need to support 4G and the second - the first tablet had only 16 GB of memory, and as practice has shown, for my purposes, this is not enough, so I took the second model with 32 GB (I hope that's enough) :)

Word to you:
Have you upgraded to the new iPad mini 2?

As a rule, it is customary to compare models of "apple" devices of different lines. But today's review will be very different. We will try to compare different versions of the iPad mini model, since many people are interested in this issue. On the forums on the net, you can often find the question of what is the similarity of the iPads of this line and what their characteristics differ.

Comparison of mini iPads will show which one is better. It will also be seen whether each new device brings something exclusive. But let's make a reservation right away that the design of all the gadgets that will be considered is very similar.

But as for the functionality of the models, you can see a lot of changes here. Specifications mini-tablets have also changed over time. For changing Apple iPad mini 16 Gb came gadgets with much more memory. Or the appearance of versions with an innovative Retina display, which caused great enthusiasm.

The second option inside has a more powerful "stuffing" than a simple mini. The same can be said about devices 2 and 3 and so on.

But it should be noted that even a tablet released in 2012 is still popular with users. Models 2 and 3 also remain at the peak of popularity.

It is known that there is such a category of users who update their gadgets immediately as soon as a novelty comes out. Such people are called the English term "Mac Nazi". Such a prefix characterizes the user as a big fan of "apple" products.

Comparative characteristics of iPad models different versions will help this kind of buyers answer the question of whether such frequent updates of equipment are necessary. After all, Apple releases new products almost every year. Based on the analysis, we will try to draw objective conclusions about how relevant devices released 2-3 years ago are in modern conditions. Most likely, they perform their functions no worse than the most "fresh" models. So is it worth spending money on them, or do you get by with your good old tablet for now? You will learn about this and much more from this article.

In appearance, the first small iPad and version 2 are identical. It will be difficult for an untrained eye to distinguish one device from another. But despite almost 100% similarity, there are still differences. Model number two is somewhat thicker than its predecessor. In other dimensions, the dimensions are almost the same. With a visual inspection of the devices, this difference is not felt at all.

The mini model with a Retina display - that is, the second iPad mini - is almost 30 grams heavier than the first generation device. But this also did not affect the differences. When you keep two devices in different hands, their weight seems to be the same.

The placement of the buttons in the second iPad remained the same. Made from high quality metal. To press them - you need to make a little effort.

The case, as before, the manufacturer made of aluminum. The frames look stylish and thin.

The connectors haven't moved anywhere either. On the top left side is a headphone hole. In the very center at the top is a microphone. The Power button is still at the top right. On the side with right side There is an auto-lock button for display rotation, which is very convenient for the user. Next to it are the sound control elements.

The color schemes of both devices are the same. Gadgets came out in silver and dark gray shades.

The most significant difference between these tablets is the new display, which appeared in the second model. So the absence of this innovative detail in a simple mini can be considered a disadvantage.

In fact, despite the fact that the new display is really good, this is all more marketing than technical improvements. This screen is a liquid crystal element with a high pixel density. Such characteristics make it possible to make the picture very effective, since it is simply impossible to see the pixels, even peering into the image.

The display resolution in the first mini is 2 times lower than in the second. latest model It also comes with an anti-glare coating. This is very important when working in bright light. The manufacturer equipped both gadgets with an IPS matrix.

iPad mini and mini 2 camera

Visually, the cameras of both models also have no differences. The resolution of the main elements in both versions is 5 MP. It is possible to shoot clips with video format over 1000p.

At the same time, selfie cameras have a modest resolution of 1.2 MP. But in a more modern tablet model, this element is equipped with a sensor and backlight. All this allows you to take photographs. High Quality even in bad light.

Tests of the rear part of the second tablet showed that the quality of the finished photos is only slightly better than those taken on the previous gadget. However, comparing the mini versions with other tablets by this criterion showed that, for example, the Air model has even better camera quality than the second generation tablet. By the way, Air came out at the same time as it.

If we compare all other characteristics of devices, then the newer device will also have superiority. But if we return to the cameras again, then in Pad mini 2 it absorbs noise better, allows you to take beautiful clear pictures, despite such a low resolution. Of the main disadvantages, the lack of a flash can be noted.

Comparison of tablet versions 3 and 4

The developer presented the fourth tablet no less pretentiously than all his products. But much more attention at the same event received Apple iPad Pro. Despite this, many experts considered the four to be the best. If we talk about tablet version 3, then the comparison, as always, will be in favor of a newer model.

The design of the four, as in the previous case considered, is similar to the previous model. But this does not mean that the manufacturer cheated and introduced almost the same model to the market. As always, there are differences and we will talk about them below.

Pad mini 3 and 4 design

We emphasize once again that the "apple" company does not practice changing the design of its gadgets. It also applies to tablets, as can be seen from the mini line. Outwardly, the three and four are practically indistinguishable. To give individuality to your gadget, the user can pick up an interesting case and other accessories.

Both tablets have 8 inch displays. Rear end they are made of metal. The front is made of glass and has several button elements/ports.

Digging further we will see that the similarity between the compared tablets is even more striking. So, the “Home” button has not gone anywhere. This element can be found in its usual place, and inside it has a hidden fingerprint. The only difference is the absence of a mute button for the fourth gadget. Also, the microphone began to be located instead of the central part - closer to the main camera. The speaker grill at the bottom has also changed a little, there are more circles per row.

Both devices have a Lightning port and it is located at the bottom of the device at the very bottom. The element is surrounded by 2 speaker grilles. The sound control buttons for both tablets are on the right. But the earlier model also has a "Hold" switch, with which it is possible to complete shutdown apparatus. The manufacturer removed it from the four. The battery is located in the upper part, and the headphone jack is in the same place, only on the left side.

The only significant difference between the three and four is the dimensions and weight. latest model lost about 10% weight compared to the previous version of the tablet. This was due to the reduction in the size of the outer frame. Because of this, the device became thinner.

Summing up, let's say that the comparison of the hardware parts of the devices is again in favor of latest tablet. Even here the differences are not so significant, but thanks to small improvements, the four works faster.

It must be said that the appearance mini tablets sparked a revival in the market. Different firms - not only Apple's big competitors, but also small Chinese companies have offered their alternatives, since there was an increased demand for a small device. Yes, it has become very popular. Xiaomi model mipad. What immediately catches your eye when studying the tablets of this brand is the variety color palette buildings. Xiaomi mipad is made in bright youth colors, which many liked.

What is the difference between iPad and Cellular?

One more thing I would like to say about the term Cellular. Many have heard of it, but do not know what it means. So, usually tablets with Wi-Fi, and also Apple released models with Wi-Fi and with Cellular.

The first type of devices has access only to wireless networks, while the second one also has 3 and 4 G networks. Thus, a user who has a gadget with Cellular can always and everywhere go online, without being tied to Wi-Fi.

How to recognize a device model with Cellular? It is very easy to do this. Tablet with this technology on back cover in the upper part it has an additional cap in black or white. It is designed to protect the antenna, which both transmits and receives data from 3 and 4 G networks.

If you are setting up a new web server or other device that connects to the Internet and want to test it before it goes online, or before you experience problems with spyware and ad networks, there is an invisible file on your computer that can help. This file is called hosts, and below is how to use it.

Domain Name System

When you enter Domain name any site, want to see everything that happens behind the scenes. Every site, every service, and virtually every device connected to the Internet has a unique numeric address that tells you where other devices are located—it's a TCP/IP address. The Domain Name System (DNS) translates these numeric addresses into something more recognizable and memorable to humans (such as "www.microsoft.com").

When you first enter a website address, your Mac will ping the DNS server. Your Mac accumulates a hidden cache file to remember these details later when you visit the same site again.

Hosts File

The Domain Name System and its associated cache on your computer are in a standard way figuring out how to get to where he's been on the internet, but there's another file that is very helpful. It is called hosts and can be used to override default DNS information.

There are some practical reasons why you should use the file hosts rather than just letting DNS do its job. For example, you're testing a development server that you're about to go live and would like to use your own domain name instead of a specific device IP address. Before online systems and access to any DNS in use, you can use the file hosts instead of "Enter the device's IP address". When you use a domain name, the Mac will automatically switch to this device.

Also you can use the file hosts to block or bypass spyware and ad networks by "zeroing out" their IP addresses - by entering 0.0.0.0 followed by the name of the domain you want to block.

How to Edit the Hosts File

It's best to work with a file hosts through special application Terminal, which is located in the Utilities folder on your computer. You need to know the IP address of the device to which you want to redirect to your Mac computer, or domain names that you are trying to keep away from your computer.

· Double-click Terminal.

· Type sudo nano /etc/hosts and press Return.

· You will be prompted for a password. Enter the administrator password.

Now you are in text editor Nano. If you want to add a new device or domain, move the cursor using the cursor keys and fix it after the text you see, then start typing. If you map a specific IP address in your local network to a domain, you can enter an IP address, press Tab, and then enter the domain name.

Conversely, if you want to make sure the URL doesn't go to the site, use "127.0.0.1". This will map it back to your computer. Even if your computer is assigned a different IP address by its router, 127.0.0.1 will be used by default on local computer thanks to default settings in file hosts.

Once you're done, press and hold control and the O key to save the file, and then control and X to exit. Return to command line and type "sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder" followed by return. This will clear DNS cache your computer and will not be confused by the changes you made to the file hosts.

Don't forget that you have changed the file hosts, because at any time you may need to undo the changes you made in order to save correct work computer.

How to edit the Hosts file on Mac and why should you do it?:
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For developers of websites and client-server applications on Mac OS HOST file serves as a convenient tool for debugging software. The file is in string format, where each entry describes how domain names are resolved on this computer. Virtual subnet management is an important feature for any computer with Internet access.

Technology

To open a web page, we specify its address, which includes the domain name. So, the domain is apple.com. Physically, the page is on an Apple server that has some IPv4 address, for example: 205.192.12.11. To turn "apple.com" into an IP address, you need to contact the domain name server of the.com zone (in other words, the DNS server of the COM domain). Server addresses.com, .ru, etc. known in advance and needed for the browser to work.

The HOSTS file has entries similar to a table DNS servers, and the file data takes precedence over external DNS. This means that if you specify the IP address of your computer and the path to the folder in which some web page is located as the address for the apple.com domain, then it will be loaded in browsers and other third party applications when you type apple.com into the address bar. This mechanism helps to test server programs before the actual shipment to the Internet.

How to edit posts

On the Mac OS HOST file located in system memory, so you can open it through the terminal.

• Press Command+R to bring up the Application Launcher and select Terminal.
• With the built-in Nano editor, the contents of a file can be viewed and edited directly in the terminal.
• To do this, enter the command "sudonano /private/etc/hosts" and press Enter.

The default entry in the hosts file is to map the computer's standard address to the localhost domain. Next, user data can be recorded. If you want to map the mysite.com domain to 200.200.1.1, you need to add the line "200.200.1.1 mysite.com"

The file structure is practically the same as HOSTS for Windows. It is important when editing to save the broadcast address (entry from 255.255.255.255), which is used for mass distribution of network packets. If the Internet and local network settings provide for the use of the IPv6 protocol, the localhost address must also be described for it.

In addition to redirection, there may be a block of closed addresses (in particular, suspicious sites found by antivirus are entered here), which begins with the line "# Block".

One of the most common questions about Windows is where is hosts. In this article I will talk about the location of this file in any OS, why it is needed at all and why it is edited. Usually they are looking for it in order to fix a problem with access to the site or vice versa to close access to it. In any case, in this article I will tell you not only where host file on Windows 10, but will also consider other OSes, even Linux,

Hosts in Windows 10

Usually the hosts file in Windows is located in the folder

%windir%/system32/drivers/etc/

The path to it can be inserted into the explorer.

Or open the file directly via the execute command (Win + R):

%windir%/system32/drivers/etc/hosts
Path to the hosts file

It is no coincidence that the %windir% variable is specified in the path - it contains the path to Windows folder no matter where she is. For example, a folder might be named . Regardless of the bitness of the system, the hosts file is always located in the same place in Windows 10. The only problem you may encounter is that the file cannot be edited. In this case, I recommend that you read the article.

Where is the file in hosts windows 7

The path to the hosts file in Windows 7 is no different from the path in other versions of Windows. However, just in case, I will give here screenshots of how to find the hosts file in Windows 7 64 and 32 bits.

Enter the path to the hosts file %windir%/system32/drivers/etc/hosts and use the Notepad program, or even better, install Notepad++. In it you will not have any problems with the rights.

And finally, I’ll tell you where the file is located in others operating systems, other than the Windows family.

Hosts on Mac OS

You may need to edit the hosts file in MacOS X. To do this, open the Terminal program and enter the command in it:

sudo nano /private/etc/hosts

Enter the password and press Enter. Move through the file with the arrows, make the necessary changes and press Ctrl + O to save the file. Answer yes to the retention question. Or press Ctrl + X to exit to the terminal and answer yes to the question about saving the file. After this procedure, it is desirable.

By the way, in linux file hosts is usually located at /etc/hosts . You can edit it in the same way as MacOS - through the nano editor.

In all Windows systems the hosts file is always located in the same folder, this has already been mentioned above. You can remember this simple way, most likely you will have to use this more than once or twice. Personally, I very often have to edit the hosts file and it is quite convenient to do this without resorting to the help of instructions. If you have comments about this article, please share them in the form below. Good luck!