8 pin power connector. Pinout of connectors of a computer power supply. Wi-Fi access points in rural areas
Standard power supplies operate on 220V, and can also have a mechanical switch for input voltage 110V or 220V AC (alternating current). The computer power supply is designed to convert AC 220 volt DC voltage into D.C.+12 volts, + 5 volts, + 3.3 volts, then direct current goes to power the computer components. 3.3 and 5 volts are commonly used in digital circuits, while 12 volts are used to drive drive motors and fans.
ATX 20 & 24 Pin Main Power Cable Connector
The 24-pin 12-volt ATX power connector can only be connected in one direction to the motherboard slot. If you look closely at the image at the top of this page, you can see that the pins are uniquely shaped, which only matches one direction on the motherboard. The original ATX standard supported a 20-pin connector with very similar pinouts to a 24-pin connector, but pins 11, 12, 23, and 24 are omitted. This means the newer 24-pin power supply is useful for motherboards requiring more power. Modern motherboards can only have 2 types of connectors - a 20-pin main power connector or a 24-pin main power connector.
Many power supplies come with 20 + 4 pin headers that are compatible with 20 and 24 pin motherboard power slots. The 20 + 4 power cable consists of two parts: a 20-pin, and a 4-pin connector. If you disconnect the two parts separately, then you can plug in the 20-pin connector, and if you connect the two 20 + 4 power cables together, you have a 24-pin power cable that can be plugged into the 24-pin power slot. motherboard.
ATX 4-pin power connector
Molex 4-Pin Peripheral Power Cable Connector
Four pin peripheral power cable. It was used for floppy disks and hard drives and is still very widely used today. You don’t have to worry about installing this connector, it cannot be installed incorrectly. People often use the term "4-pin Molex power cable" or "4-pin Molex" to mean.
SATA 15-Contact to power cable
SATA was introduced to update the ATA (also called IDE) interface for a more advanced design. SATA interface Includes both data cable and power cable. The power cable replaces the old 4-pin peripheral cable and adds support for 3.3 volts (if fully implemented).
8 Pin EPS and +12 Volt Power Connector
This cable was originally designed for workstations to provide 12 volts reusable power. But as time has passed, processors require more power and an 8-pin cable is often used instead of a 4-pin 12 volt cable. It is often referred to as the "EP-12V" cable.
4 + 4 Pin EPS +12 Volt Power Connector
Motherboards can be with a 4-pin connector or an 8-pin 12 volt connector. Many power supplies are equipped with a 4 + 4 pin 12 volt cable that is compatible with the 4 and 8 pins of the mainland. A 4 + 4 power cable has two separate pins of 4 pieces. If you connect them together, a 4 + 4 power cable, then you have an 8-pin power cable that can be plugged into an 8-pin connector. If you leave the two pieces separate, then you can connect one of the 4-pin motherboard connectors.
6 Pin PCI Express (PCIe) Power Cable Connector
This cable is used to provide additional 12 volts of power for the PCI Express expansion card. This connector can provide up to 75W PCI Express power.
8 pin PCI Express (PCIe) power cable connector
PCI Express specification version 2.0 released in January 2007 added 8-pin PCI Express with power cable. It is just an 8-pin 6-pin PCI Express version with a power cable. Both are used mainly to provide additional food video cards. The older 6-pin version officially provides no more than 75 watts (although unofficially, this can usually give significantly more), while the new 8-pin version provides a maximum of 150 watts.
6 + 2 (8) pin PCI Express (PCIe) power cable connector
Some graphics cards have 6-pin PCI Express power connectors and others have 8-pin PCI Express connectors. Many power supplies come with a 6 + 2 PCI Express power cable that is compatible with both types of graphics cards. The 6 + 2 PCI Express power cable has two parts: 6-pin and 2-pin. If you put the two together, you have a full 8-pin PCI-Express connector. But if you split the connector in two, then you can only connect a 6-pin connector.
I was lucky to acquire Nvidia graphics card GTX 780 instead of its old one Nvidia GTX 560. The joy of the purchase was not long, because the video card refused to fit into my case. Although this problem is treated quickly with the help of a grinder and straight hands)))
The next and main problem was the presence of two 8 pin connectors on the video card and their absence on the power supply. The block I have is 700 W, but it comes out with 2 * 6 pin.
First, let's turn to the theory, what is this 8-pin connector? In fact, this is the same 6-pin connector only with the addition of two additional “ground” pins. This is necessary to give additional power to the video card via the 12V bus, which in turn is necessary for powerful video adapters, as well as for overclocking and using standard technologies such as AMD OverDrive.
After reading the “smart” forums, I came to the conclusion that, in principle, the use of additional contacts is optional, although desirable.
When trying to start the system, the video adapter gave an error about a lack of power, and refused to start the PC. It became clear that it was necessary to connect an eight-pin connector. In principle, there are adapters from 6 to 8 contacts, but firstly, they cost money, and secondly, you need to wait until they are brought, and put a new vidyuhu “burning” right now))).
After examining the proposed adapter, it became clear that two additional contacts are simply duplicated from the existing ones.
It was also necessary to get a connector for connecting to a video card. For this purpose, the existing eight-pin adapter for powering the processor was perfect. I just sawed off the parts that fit into the graphics card.
Now it was necessary to connect the connector to the power supply. It would be possible to connect to 6 pin connectors, but I did not touch them, but cut off one unused SATA power connector and took two “ground” wires from there, and insulated the rest. And here's what happened.
Except for the connectors for the motherboard, all Power supplies are also equipped with various additional connectors, most of which are designed to power disk drives and other peripherals such as a powerful video card. Most of the peripheral connectors, in turn, meet industry standards for one form factor or another. In this part of our material, we will consider what additional connectors you can find in your PC.
Peripheral power connector
Perhaps the most common type of connector found on all PSUs is the power connector. peripheral devices also often referred to as a power connector disk drives... What we mean by this type of connector first appeared in AMP power supplies in the PSU series and was called the MATE-N-LOK connector, but since it began to be produced and sold by Molex, it also began to be called the "Molex connector". which is not entirely correct.
Take a close look at the connector to determine the pin locations. As a rule, there is a plastic tab and a key on the right side of the plug, which is necessary to properly fix the connector in the socket. The following diagram shows a standard connector with a key on a plug. It is this connector that is used to power disk drives (and not only):
Peripheral power connector
This connector was used on all PCs, from the original IBM PC to modern systems. It is best known as a disk drive connector, but it is also used in some systems to provide additional power to the motherboard, video card, cooling fans, and any other PC components that can use + 5V or + 12V.
This is a 4-pin connector with four round-shaped pins spaced 5 mm apart and rated for up to 11 A each. Since the connector includes one +12 V and one +5 V contacts (the other two are ground), the maximum current through the connector reaches 187 W. The connector plug is about 2 cm wide and can be connected to most disk drives and some other PC components. The following table shows the pin assignment for this connector:
| Pins on the power connector for peripheral devices | |||||
| Contact | Signal | Colour | Contact | Signal | Colour |
| 1 | +12 V | Yellow | 3 | Gnd | Black |
| 2 | Gnd | Black | 4 | +5 V | Red |
Floppy drive power connector
In the mid-1980s, 3.5-inch magnetic disk drives first appeared, and then it became clear that they needed a more compact power connector. The answer was what is today known as the floppy drive power connector, which was developed by AMP as part of the EI (Economy Interconnection) series. These connectors are used to power small disk drives and devices, and have the same + 12V, + 5V, and ground pins as the large peripheral connector. The distance between the contacts in this type of plug is 2.5 mm, and the plug itself is about half the size of the large connector. All pins are rated for 2A each, so the maximum current through this connector is only 34W.
The following table shows the pinout configuration for the floppy drive power connector:
| Floppy Power Connector Pins | |||||
| Contact | Signal | Colour | Contact | Signal | Colour |
| 1 | +5 V | Red | 3 | Gnd | Black |
| 2 | Gnd | Black | 4 | +12 V | Yellow |
The power connector for peripheral devices and its younger sibling have a universal arrangement of contacts, as can be seen in the following diagram:
Peripheral power connector and floppy drive connector
The pin layout on the floppy connector is mirrored compared to the larger peripheral connector. When using an adapter from one type of connector to another, be careful not to forget that in this case the red and yellow wires will swap places.
The first Power supplies were equipped with only two connectors for peripherals, while modern PSUs have four or more large connectors and one or two connectors for floppy drives. Depending on the power and purpose, some power supplies have eight or even more connectors for peripheral devices.
If you have a lot of hard drives or other devices that need extra power, you can use a Y-splitter, as well as a large-to-small adapter. The splitter allows you to convert one peripheral power connector to connect two drives to it at once, and with an adapter you can use a large connector to power a floppy drive. If you are using multiple adapters, make sure the total power is power supply is sufficient. The connectors connected to the splitter, in terms of the total load, should not exceed the capacity of one connector.
Serial ATA power connector
The vast majority of modern hard drives and all SSDs are equipped with a SATA power connector. So, if a few years ago SATA connectors on a power supply unit were a pleasant option, then on new power supplies they are provided without fail. The SATA (Serial ATA) power connector is a special 15-pin connector that uses only five wires, which means that one wire has three pins per connector. The total power supply through such a connector is exactly the same as that of a conventional peripheral connector, but the SATA cable is noticeably thinner.
SATA power connector
In the SATA power connector, each wire is connected to three pins, and the numbering of the wires does not correspond to the numbering of the pins. If your PSU is not equipped with SATA power connectors, you can use an adapter from a regular peripheral connector. However, such adapters do not provide voltage on the +3.3 V line. Fortunately, this is not a problem for most SATA devices, since they do not use the +3.3 V line and only use + 12V and +5 V.
Peripheral to SATA adapter
Additional power connector for PCI-E video cards
The ATX12V 2.x specification calls for a new 24-pin motherboard power connector that provides more power to power the various onboard controllers and PCI-E cards. The specification is designed for an additional 75 W power directly for the PCI-E x16 slot, and this power, in principle, is enough for many video cards with an average performance. But high-performance graphics cards generally need higher power levels. For this reason, the PCI-SIG (Special Interest Group) development group has introduced two standards for providing additional power to PCI-E video cards, which assume the use of the following connectors:
- PCI Express x16 Graphics 150 W-ATX - specification published in October 2004. An additional 6-pin (2x3) connector is used, which provides additional 75W of power. The total power for the PCI-E x16 slot reaches 150 watts.
- PCI Express 225 W / 300 W High Power Card Electromechanical - specification published March 2008. Assumes the use of an 8-pin (2x4) auxiliary power connector, providing additional power of 150 watts. The total power is 225 W (75 + 150) or 300 W (75 + 150 + 75).
Multiple connectors can be connected to video cards that require even more power:
| PCI-E Auxiliary Power Slot Configurations | |
| Maximum power | Configuration add. nutrition |
| 75 watts | Not used |
| 150 watts | 1 x 6-pin |
| 225 watts | 2 x 6-pin or 1 x 8-pin |
| 300 watts | 1 x 8-pin + 1 x 6-pin |
| 375 watts | 2 x 8-pin |
| 450 watts | 2 x 8-pin + 1 x 6-pin |
PCI Express cards are provided using 6-pin (2x3) or 8-pin (2x4) Molex Mini-Fit connectors equipped with a female plug that plugs directly into the graphics card. For reference, these connectors are similar to Molex 39-01-2060 (6-pin) and 39-01-2080 (8-pin), but both use different keys to prevent them from being mistakenly inserted into the + 12V connector on the motherboard. board. The following diagram shows the layout of the connectors, including the plug side. Notice the "sense" signal on pin 5 - it allows the graphics card to determine if the connector is plugged in. Without the correct power level, the card may shut down or operate in reduced functionality mode. Also note that pin 2 is labeled N / C (No Connection) in the table according to the standard specification, but most PSUs seem to have + 12V as well.
6-pin additional power connector PCI-E 6 pin (2x3), rated at 75 W
| 6 pin (2x3) additional 75-watt PCI-E graphics card power connector | |||||
| Colour | Signal | Contact | Contact | Signal | Colour |
| Black | GND | 4 | 1 | +12 V | Yellow |
| Black | Sense | 5 | 2 | N / C | - |
| Black | GND | 6 | 3 | +12 V | Yellow |
The pin configuration for the 8-pin PCI-E auxiliary power connector is shown in the diagram below. Pay attention to the presence of an additional + 12V voltage on pin 2 and two whole "sense" signals on pin 4 and pin 6, which allows the card to determine which connector is connected - 6-pin or 8-pin - or there is no connection.
8-pin PCI-E 8 pin (2x4) auxiliary power connector, rated at 150 W
| 8 pin (2x4) connector for additional 150W PCI-E graphics card power connector | |||||
| Colour | Signal | Contact | Contact | Signal | Colour |
| Black | GND | 5 | 1 | +12 V | Yellow |
| Black | Sense0 | 6 | 2 | 12 V | Yellow |
| Black | GND | 7 | 3 | +12 V | Yellow |
| Black | GND | 8 | 4 | Sense1 | Yellow |
Both connectors are designed for backward compatibility: a 6 pin connector can be plugged into an 8 pin connector. Thus, if your graphics card has a socket for an 8-pin connector, but the power supply has only a 6-pin connector, then it can be connected to the card by simply sliding it relative to the socket, as shown in the figure. The plug is keyed to prevent incorrect insertion, but excessive force should be avoided when plugging in the connector, which could damage the card.
Connect a 6-pin connector to an 8 pin socket on a graphics card
The signal contacts are located in such a way that the video card itself recognizes what type of connector is connected to the socket and, thus, what power is available to it. For example, if a video card requires a full 300 watts and has two 8 pin (or 8 pin + 6 pin) sockets, but you are using two six-wire connectors, the card will determine that it can only use 225 watts and, depending on the design and firmware, may either disconnect or run in reduced functionality mode.
Due to the special key on the plug, the 8-pin connector cannot be inserted into the 6-pin socket. For this reason, many power supply manufacturers equip their products with "6 + 2" plugs, which allow you to disconnect an additional two if necessary, resulting in a regular 6-pin connector instead of an 8-pin one. Such a connector, of course, will fit into the 6 pin socket on the board without any problems.
Attention! The 8-pin PCI-E card auxiliary power connector and the 8-pin EPS12V standard CPU power connector use similar Molex Mini-Fit Jr. plugs. These plugs have different keys, but with a certain effort it may turn out to connect the EPS12V connector to the socket on the video card, or vice versa, connect the PCI-E power connector to the EPS12V socket on the motherboard. In any of these scenarios, the + 12V pin will be connected directly to ground, which could damage the motherboard, video card, or power supply.
The 6-pin connector uses two + 12V pins to deliver up to 75W of power, while the 8-pin connector uses three + 12V pins to deliver up to 150W. But according to the specification for Molex connectors, this set of pins allows you to provide great power... Each pin on a PCI Express power connector can handle up to 8A using standard pins - or more if using HCS or Plus HCS pins. If you multiply the power limits of the contacts according to the specifications by their number, you can determine the ability of the connector to hold a current of a certain power:
| Maximum current power through the slot of additional power supply of the PCI-E card | ||||
| Connector type | Number of contacts + 12V | When using contacts contacts | When using HCS contacts | When using Plus HCS contacts |
| 6-pin | 2 | 192 watts | 264 watts | 288 Wt |
| 8-pin | 3 | 288 Wt | 396 Wt | 432 Wt |
In a 6-wire connector, the current is designed for two + 12V pins, although most PSUs have three such pins.
Molex standard contacts are rated for 8 A.
Molex HCS contacts are rated for 11 A.
Molex Plus HCS contacts are rated for 12 A.
All values are for a Mini-Fit Jr. 4-6 pin bundle. using 18 gauge wires and standard temperature.
Thus, although the specifications of the connectors are rated for 75 (6 pin) and 150 W (8 pin), when using standard pins, the power can reach 192 and 288 watts, respectively. With HCS and Plus HCS contacts, you can get even more power.
The two auxiliary power connectors in question may appear in the documentation under the names PCI Express Graphics (PEG), Scalable Link Interface (SLI), or CrossFire Power Connectors, since they are used by powerful graphics cards with a PCI-E x16 interface that can work in a bundle of SLI or CrossFire. SLI and CrossFire are nVidia and AMD card modes that allow you to bundle cards together, using the computational resources of each to increase the performance of the graphics subsystem. Each card can consume hundreds of watts, which is why many hi-end video cards have two or three additional power connectors. This means that most powerful
It's no secret that modern video card models consume a lot of energy. Depending on the manufacturer, series, purpose, and even a specific instance, the power consumption can vary from several tens to several hundred watts. Where can you get such an amount of energy and at the same time not deprive the rest of the components of your system? Now we will tell you about everything.Power for a fast modern graphics card can come from 3 sources:
| Power connector type | The power it provides |
| PCIe x16 | 75 watts |
| 6-pin | 75 watts |
| 8-pin | 150 watts |
First, modern ones are connected to a PCIe x16 expansion slot, which is powered by a 24-pin connector and provides graphics cards with a power of up to 75 watts. This turns out to be enough for the beginner and intermediate level. Such cards do not have additional power connectors and are not very demanding on the power supply, and, as a rule, provide relatively low performance.
PCIe x16 slot
Secondly, more powerful versions of video cards can have 2 types of power connectors: 6-pin and 8-pin, or both. The 6-pin connector provides the graphics card with an additional 75 watts, and the 8-pin connector provides 150 watts. Thus, the maximum power consumption of a video card with 1 8-pin connector and 1 6-pin connector can reach the following value: 75 + 150 + 75 = 300W (connector configurations may differ, including upwards). Pay attention to the following fact: for each additional power connector on the video card, it must have a separate power connector. The presence of additional power connectors indicates both increased power consumption of the video card and higher performance (relative to video cards without additional power connectors and within one or two generations). In addition, by the presence of additional power connectors, you can roughly determine the power consumption for which it is designed. It is important to remember that if there are multiple power connectors on the video card, for normal operation of the computer, you must connect a power cable to each connector. Otherwise, the computer will either not turn on, or the video card will not work at its maximum performance.
In this regard, it should be mentioned that they exist with separate 12V power lines. This means that each connector (6-pin and 8-pin) will serve its own power line. You can read more about this in.
To summarize - for the proper power supply of your video card, you need to understand what power connectors it requires and what maximum power it consumes. Taking these factors into account will allow you to avoid an unpleasant situation in which your system cannot start due to lack of power or lack of the necessary connectors. Enjoy the shopping!
If the video card has such a connector, then it is required to connect additional power from the power supply unit to it.
Additional power is connected with a special adapter cable:
The 6-pin connector connects to the graphics card, and two molex connectors connect to the power supply.
Both connectors are connected to the PSU.
Black and brown ground, yellow + 12 volts.
It should be noted that such video cards require an increased power supply unit and it must be at least 350 watts.
V modern blocks there is already a power connector for the video card, in this case there is no need for adapters.
Recently, video cards have appeared to which it is necessary to connect not a 6-pin power connector, but an 8-pin.
This is due to the increase in power consumption of the video cards.
These connectors have two more ground pins than 6-pin connectors.
If your power supply unit does not have such an output connector, then you need to purchase a 6-pin -> 8-pin adapter, but usually such an adapter comes with a video card.
You cannot connect a 6-pin connector instead of an 8-pin without an adapter.
For video cards that have two additional power connectors, both connectors must be connected.
1.65 million compromised home computers are mining
Kaspersky Lab has published the results of its research, according to which there are 1.65 million compromised PCs in the world that are engaged in mining cryptocurrency for hackers.
At the same time, it is noted that we are not talking only about home machines, but also about corporate servers.
The laboratory noted that the most popular malicious currency miners are Zcash and Monero.
The most popular currency is Bitcoin, but mining is too inefficient on conventional computers, unlike alternative currencies.
"The main effect for home computers or an organization's infrastructure is performance degradation," said Kaspersky security expert Anton Ivanov.
In most cases, the miner enters the computer using a specially created malicious program, the so-called dropper whose main function is to secretly install other software.
Such programs are usually disguised as pirated versions. licensed products or for generators of activation keys for them - users are looking for something like that, for example, on file sharing and deliberately download. But sometimes what they downloaded turns out to be not exactly what they wanted to download.
After launching the downloaded file, the installer itself is installed on the victim's computer, and it already uploads the miner and a special utility that disguises it in the system to the disk.
Also bundled with the program may be supplied services that provide its autorun and customize its operation.
From malware droppers Kaspersky Internet Security will protect you by default - just make sure your antivirus is always on and such malware simply won't get onto your computer.
But miners, unlike droppers, are not malicious programs.
Therefore, they are included in the highlighted category. Riskware- Software that is legal in itself, but can be used for malicious purposes.
By default, Kaspersky Internet Security does not block or remove such applications, since the user could have installed them deliberately.
But if you want to play it safe and are sure that you are not going to use miners and other software that is included in the Riskware category, then you can always go to the settings of the security solution, find the section there Threats and detection and put a tick in front of the item Other programs.
If you're mining for someone else, you can end up with huge electricity bills, noticeable slowdowns in PCs and components.
LGA 1151 processor socket for Intel Coffee Lake has differences
Intel Processor Output Coffee lake caused a storm of emotions among users and a flurry of discussions on various thematic resources, mainly due to the fact that they will only work with new motherboards, despite the long-used version of LGA 1151.
The real reason for the incompatibility was found out.
The thing is that the contacts on the new Intel processors are arranged according to a different scheme than on Skylake processors and Kaby Lake, VideoCardz reports.
Intel has added more Vss (ground) and Vcc (power) pins to new processors.
The first was previously 377, and now it is 391.
The second - 128 and 146, respectively.
The total number of contacts did not change, and remained equal to 1151, and all thanks to a decrease in the number backup contacts(RSVD) from 46 to 25.
The company reported - Core processors the eighth generation required the organization of additional and / or more stable nutrition.
Although it was enough for the company to change the name to LGA 1151v2 to avoid "righteous anger" from some users, it did not.
Wi-Fi access points in rural areas
Rostelecom reports a sharp increase in the demand for wireless Internet access points built under the project to eliminate the digital divide in Russia.
The project in question provides for the creation of Wi-Fi points in settlements with a population of 250 to 500 people.
Access to the Network is provided at a speed of at least 10 Mbit / s.
At the end of July, Rostelecom announced the abolition of fees for connecting to the Internet through such hotspots.
Immediately after that, the demand for the service increased markedly.
Internet sessions at hotspots jumped 35%.
The total volume of Internet traffic at Wi-Fi points in August for the first time exceeded 1 PB, being 27% more than a month earlier.
As of June 30, 2017, universal communication services using points Wi-Fi access ended up in 4,690 settlements, which is 34% of the total plan (in total, almost 14 thousand points should be built by the end of 2019).
35 thousand kilometers of fiber-optic communication lines have already been laid.
Power connectors for peripheral devices In addition to connectors for the motherboard, all power supplies are also equipped with various additional connectors, most of which are intended for ...
Power connectors for peripheral devices In addition to connectors for the motherboard, all power supplies are also equipped with various additional connectors, most of which are intended for ...