Electronic circuit transformers with a circuit board. How the electronic transformer is arranged. Details that need for alteration
The device has a fairly simple scheme. A simple two-stroke auto bearer, which is made by half-spinning scheme, the operating frequency of about 30 kHz, but this indicator is highly dependent on the output load.
The scheme of such a power supply is not very stable, has no protection from the KZ at the output of the transformer, perhaps because of this, the scheme has not yet been widely used in amateur circles. Although B. lately On different forums there is a promotion of this topic. People offer various options for refining such transformers. Today I will try all these improvements to combine in one article and offer options not only refinement, but also the imposition of this.
We will not be based on the work of the scheme, we will not go away, but immediately proceed to the case.
We will try to refine and increase the power of Chinese fl Taschibra by 105 watts.
To begin with, I want to explain for what reason I decided to take for the practice and alteration of such transformers. The fact is that the neighbor recently asked to make him to order charger for car batterywhich would be compact and easy. I did not want to collect, but later I came across interesting articles in which the remission of the electronic transformer was considered. It came across the thought - why not try?
Thus, several flux from 50 to 150 watts were purchased, but the experiments with the alteration did not always end up successfully, only this was only 105 watts. The disadvantage of such a block is that the transformer does not have an annular, in connection with which it is inconvenient to bother or treason. But another choice was not and had to remake this particular unit.
As we know, these blocks do not turn on without a load, it is not always a dignity. I plan to get a reliable device that can be freely used for any purpose without fearing that the power supply can overdo it or fail at the KZ.
Refinement №1
The essence of the idea is to add protection against KZ, also eliminating the above disadvantage (activation of the circuit without output load or with low-power load).
Looking at the block itself, we can see the simplest scheme UPS, I would say that the scheme is not fully worked out by the manufacturer. As we know, if you close the secondary winding of the transformer, then less than a second scheme fails. The current in the scheme increases sharply, the keys in the MiG fail, sometimes basic limiters. Thus, the repair of the scheme will cost more value (the price of such this is about $ 2.5).
Transformer feedback Consists of three separate windings. Two of these windings are powered by the basic key chains.
To begin with, we remove the communication winding on the OS transformer and put the jumper. This winding is enabled sequentially with the primary winding. pulse transformer.
Then on force transformer Motate only 2 turns and one turn on the ring (OS transformer). For winding, you can use a wire with a diameter of 0.4-0.8 mm.
Next, it is necessary to select a resistor for the OS, in my case it is 6.2 ohms, but the resistor can be selected with a resistance of 3-12 ohms, the higher the resistance of this resistor, the smaller the protection current from the KZ. The resistor in my case is used wire, which I do not advise. The power of this resistor is selected 3-5 watts (you can use from 1 to 10 watts).
During the KZ, on the output winding of the pulse transformer, the current in the secondary winding decreases (in standard schemes, at the CW current increases, increasing the keys). This leads to a decrease in the current on the winding of the OS. Thus, the generation stops, the keys themselves are locked.
The only disadvantage of such a solution is that with a long-term CZ at the exit, the scheme fails, since the keys are heated and strong enough. Do not undergo the output winding of the KZ with a duration of more than 5-8 seconds.
The scheme will now start without load, in one word we received a full-fledged UPS with protection against KZ.
Refinement number 2.
Now we will try to somehow smooth network voltage from rectifier. To do this, we will use chokes and smoothing capacitor. In my case, a ready throttle with two independent windings is used. This throttle was removed from the DVD player UPS, although self-made chokes can be used.
After the bridge, connect the electrolyte with a capacity of 200μF with a voltage of at least 400 volts. The capacitance of the capacitor is selected on the basis of the power of the 1MKF power supply unit per 1 watt of power. But how do you remember, our BP is designed for 105 watts, why is the condenser used to 200mkf? This will understand quite soon.
Refinement number 3.
Now about the main thing - the practice of the electronic transformer and is it real? In fact, there is only one reliable way to practice without special alterations.
For cleaning it is convenient to use this with an annular transformer, since it will be necessary to rewind the secondary winding, it is for this reason that we will replace our transformer.
Network winding is stretched throughout the ring and contains 90 turns of the wire of 0.5-0.65mm. The winding winds on two folded ferrite rings that were removed from this with a power of 150 watts. The secondary winding is dulling on the basis of needs, in our case it is designed for 12 volts.
It is planned to increase power up to 200 watts. That is why it was necessary that the electrolyte was needed, which was mentioned above.
Capacitors of the demosta we replace 0.5μF, in the standard scheme they have a capacity of 0.22 microf. Bipolar keys MJE13007 replace on MJE13009.
The power winding of the transformer contains 8 turns, the winding was made with 5-centuries of the wires of 0.7 mm, so we have a wire with a total cross section of 3.5mm in the primary.
Go ahead. Before and after the throtters, we put the film capacitors with a capacity of 0.22-0.47MCF with a voltage of at least 400 volts (I used it is those capacitors that were on the board this and which I had to be replaced to increase power).
Next, replace the diode rectifier. In standard schemes, conventional rectifier diodes of the 1N4007 series are used. The current of diodes is 1 ampere, our scheme consumes a lot of current, so the diodes should be replaced with more powerful, in order to avoid unpleasant results after the first inclusion of the circuit. You can use literally any rectifier diodes with a current of 1.5-2 amps, reverse voltage of at least 400 volts.
All components, besides the board with the generator mounted on male Plate. The keys were reinforced on the heat sink through insulating gaskets.
We continue our alteration of the electronic transformer, adding the scheme to the rectifier and filter.
The throtters are wound on the rings of powder iron (removed from computer BP), consist of 5-8 turns. It is convenient to make winding at once with 5-centuries wire with a diameter of 0.4-0.6mm each lived.
The smoothing capacitor is selected with a voltage of 25-35 volts, one powerful Schottky diode is applied as a rectifier. diode assemblies from a computer power supply). You can use any fast diodes with a current of 15-20 amps.
To assemble self-made powerful power sources, electronic transformers used to power halogen lamps can be used. The electronic transformer is a semi-separated autogeneral pulse converter Voltage. Such pulse transformers are fair, and after a small refinement, they can be used to power their homemade devices requiring a powerful power source.
With small sizes, they provide a large output powerBut they have certain disadvantages, such as: reluctance to start without load, failure with a short circuit, and a very strong level of interference.
The classic electronic transformer scheme on the example of Taschibra 
But this may be any other electronic transformer, for example, Zorn New is shown below. 
The network voltage enters the diode bridge. The straightened voltage nourishes the semi-separated converter on the transistors. In the diagonal of the bridge formed by these transistors and capacitors C1, C2, the Impulscent transformer T2 is included. The launch of the converter is provided by a chain consisting of resistors R3, C3 capacitor, diode D5 and DIAC D6. T1 feedback transformer has three windings - a current feedback winding, which is enabled sequentially with the primary winding of the power transformer (that is, the longer the load current - the greater the key base current, so the transformer does not start without load, or at low load voltage less than 12V Yes, and with a short closure, the base current of keys is growing and they fail, and often resistors in the base chains), and two windings of 3 turns that feed the base chains of transistors. The output voltage of the electronic transformer is a rectangular pulses with a frequency of 40 kHz, industrialized by a frequency of 100 Hz.
Appearance of the Zorn New 150 fee and back side
The first problem of lack of launch without load or at low load is eliminated quite simply - change OS (feedback) by current on the operating system. We remove the winding OS over the current on the switched transformer and put the jumper instead. Next, we wind 1-2 turns on the power transformer and 1 on the commuting, we use the resistor in the OS from 3-10 Ohm with a capacity of at least 3 - 5 watts, the higher the resistance - the smaller the protection current from the KZ. This current-limiting resistor establishes the transformation frequency. With an increase in the load current, the frequency becomes greater. If the converter does not start, it is necessary to change the winding direction.
We connect the condenser at the output of the rectifier bridge, to smooth the pulsations of the straightened voltage. The capacity is chosen at the rate of 1 - 1.5 μF to 1W. The working voltage of the capacitor must be at least 400V. When the rectifier bridge is turned on with a capacitor, the current occurs, so it is necessary to turn on one of the network wires to turn on the NTC thermistor or 4.7 Ohm resistor 5W.
If you need another output voltage, rewind the secondary winding of the power transformer. The simplest thing is to calculate the number of turns of the secondary winding on the power transformer, for example, in the electronic transformer Zorn New 150 - 8 turns of the secondary winding at an output voltage of 11.8 volts, respectively, we obtain 1.47 volts / turns. It is also necessary to take into account that, under load, the voltage will fall, about 2 volts. The wire diameter is selected based on the load current. Thus, you can get a wide range of output voltages from units to several hundred volts. You can also wind up several windings to obtain multiple stresses from one power unit, naturally need to take into account the total power of the electronic transformer.
To straighten the alternating voltage at the output of the electronic transformer, we set the diode bridge. Electronic transformers do not work well with capacitive load or do not start at all. For normal work We need a smooth launch of the device. Ensuring the smooth run promotes choke L1. Together with the condenser, it also performs the filtering function of the straightened voltage. The capacitance of the output capacitor is desirable to pick up at least 10 μF per 1 watt of the load. In parallel, it is desirable to put a capacitor with a capacity of 0.1 μF.
The diagram of the electronic transformer with alterations.
Transistors apply in it. Datasheet on him
Distor and a little about Distyer.
DB3 -popular foreign bilateral dynisterist - DIAC. Made in a glass cylindrical body with flexible wire outputs.
The DB3 device found the greatest distribution in the network load power regulators (dimmers) schemes.
Distor DB3. It is a bidirectional diode (trigger diode), which is specifically designed to control the simistor or thyristor. Mostly, the DB3 dynistor does not conduct a current (not counting a slight leakage current) until the breakdown voltage is applied to it.
At this point, the Distoror goes into avalanche tribal mode and it has a negative resistance property. As a result of this, DB3 dynister is a voltage drop in 5 volts, and it begins to pass through itself, sufficient for the opening of a simistor or a thyristor.
Since DB3 is a symmetric dynistor (both of its outputs are the anodes), then there is no difference from any difference how to connect it.
Characteristics:
- (I open - 0.2 a), in 5 is a voltage in open state;
- The average maximum allowable value with open state: A 0.3;
- In the open state, the pulse current is 2;
- Maximum voltage (during a closed state): in 32;
- Current in closed condition: MCA - 10;
- The maximum pulsed non-unscrupter voltage is in 5.
- Operating temperature range: C -40 ... 70
Pulse converters have high efficiency, small sizes and weight.
The product is not expensive, approximately 1ruple for one watt. Them after refinement can be used to power raduitative structures. There are many articles on the network on this topic. I want to share my experience to alteration of the Taschibra 105W electronic transformer.
Consider principal scheme electronic converter.
The voltage of the network through the fuse enters the diode bridge D1-D4. The straightened voltage feeds the semi-alone converter on the transistors Q1 and Q2. In the diagonal of the bridge formed by these transistors and capacitors C1, C2, the Impulscent transformer T2 is included. The launch of the converter is provided by a chain consisting of resistors R1, R2, C3 condenser, diode D5 and DIAC D6. The T1 feedback transformer has three windings - a current feedback winding, which is enabled sequentially with the primary winding of the power transformer, and two windings of 3 turns that feed the basic transistor circuits.
The output voltage of the electronic transformer is a rectangular pulses with a frequency of 30 kHz, industrialized by a frequency of 100 Hz.
In order to use the electronic transformer as a power source, it must be finalized.
We connect the condenser at the output of the rectifier bridge, to smooth the pulsations of the straightened voltage. The capacity is selected at the rate of 1MKF to 1W. The working voltage of the capacitor must be at least 400V.
When the rectifier bridge is turned on with a capacitor, the current occurs, so it is necessary to turn on one of the network wires to turn on the NTC thermistor or 4.7 Ohm resistor 5W. This limits the starting current.
If you need another output voltage, rewind the secondary winding of the power transformer. The diameter of the wire (wiring harness) is selected based on the load current.
Electronic transformers have an OS operating, so the output voltage will vary depending on the load. If the load is not connected, the transformer will not start. In order not to be, you need to change the current feedback circuit on the voltage.
Top feedback winding remove and instead of it on the board put the jumper. Then we skip the flexible stranded wire through the power transformer and make 2 turns, then we skip the wire through the feedback transformer and make one round. Ends, transformed through a power transformer and transformer feedback wire, connect through two parallel to the connected resistor 6.8 Ohm 5 W. This current-limiting resistor establishes the frequency of the transformation (approximately 30 kHz). With an increase in the load current, the frequency becomes greater.
If the converter does not start, it is necessary to change the winding direction.
In Taschibra transformers, transistors are pressed to the body through the cardboard, which is unsafe during operation. In addition, the paper is very poorly conducting heat. Therefore, it is better to establish transistors through a heat-conducting gasket.
To straighten the variable voltage of the frequency of 30 kHz at the output of the electronic transformer, install the diode bridge.
The best results were shown from all tested diodes, domestic CD213B (200V; 10A; 100kHz; 0.17μs). At high load currents, they heat, so they must be installed on the radiator through heat-conducting gaskets.
Electronic transformers do not work well with capacitive load or do not start at all. For normal operation you need a smooth start of the device. Ensuring the smooth run promotes choke L1. In conjunction with a 100mkp capacitor, it also performs the function of filtering the straightened voltage.
The throttle L1 50mkg is wound on the MICROMETALS T106-26 core and contains 24 turns with a wire of 1.2 mm. Such cores (yellow color, with one white color) apply to computer blocks Nutrition. External diameter 27mm, internal 14mm, and 12mm height. By the way, in the killed power blocks you can find other details, including the thermistor. 
If you have a screwdriver or another tool that accumulator battery I developed my resource, then in the case of this battery you can put the power supply from the electronic transformer. As a result, you will have a tool running from the network.
For stable operation at the outlet of the power supply, it is desirable to put a resistor of approximately 500 Ohm 2W.
In the process of adjusting the transformer, you need to be extremely attentive and neat. On the device elements there is a high voltage. Do not touch the flanges of transistors to check whether they are warm or not. It is also necessary to remember that after turning off the capacitors remain charged for a while.
Electronic Transformer - Network pulse block Food, which is designed to power the halogen lamps of 12 volts. Read more this device In the article ". The device has a fairly simple scheme. A simple two-stroke auto bearer, which is made by half-spinning scheme, the operating frequency of about 30 kHz, but this indicator is highly dependent on the output load. The scheme of such a power supply is not very stable, has no protection from the KZ at the output of the transformer, perhaps because of this, the scheme has not yet been widely used in amateur circles. Although recently there is a promotion of this topic in different forums. People offer various options for refining such transformers. Today I will try all these improvements to combine in one article and offer options not only refinement, but also the imposition of this.
We will not be based on the work of the scheme, we will not go away, but immediately proceed to the case.
We will try to refine and increase the power of Chinese fl Taschibra by 105 watts.
To begin with, I want to explain for what reason I decided to take for the practice and alteration of such transformers. The fact is that recently a neighbor asked him to order a charger for a car battery, which would be compact and easy. I did not want to collect, but later I came across interesting articles in which the remission of the electronic transformer was considered. It came across the thought - why not try?
Thus, several flux from 50 to 150 watts were purchased, but the experiments with the alteration did not always end up successfully, only this was only 105 watts. The disadvantage of such a block is that the transformer does not have an annular, in connection with which it is inconvenient to bother or treason. But another choice was not and had to remake this particular unit.
As we know, these blocks do not turn on without a load, it is not always a dignity. I plan to get a reliable device that can be freely used for any purpose without fearing that the power supply can overdo it or fail at the KZ.
Refinement №1
The essence of the idea is to add protection against KZ, also eliminating the above disadvantage (activation of the circuit without output load or with low-power load).
Looking at the Block itself, we can see the simplest diagram of the UPS, I would say that the scheme is not fully worked out by the manufacturer. As we know, if you close the secondary winding of the transformer, then less than a second scheme fails. The current in the scheme increases sharply, the keys in the MiG fail, sometimes basic limiters. Thus, the repair of the scheme will cost more value (the price of such this is about $ 2.5).
The feedback transformer consists of three separate windings. Two of these windings are powered by the basic key chains.
To begin with, we remove the communication winding on the OS transformer and put the jumper. This winding is enabled sequentially with the primary winding of the pulse transformer.
Then, on the power transformer, 2 turns and one turn on the ring (OS transformer) are mixed. For winding, you can use a wire with a diameter of 0.4-0.8 mm.
Next, it is necessary to select a resistor for the OS, in my case it is 6.2 ohms, but the resistor can be selected with a resistance of 3-12 ohms, the higher the resistance of this resistor, the smaller the protection current from the KZ. The resistor in my case is used wire, which I do not advise. The power of this resistor is selected 3-5 watts (you can use from 1 to 10 watts).
During the KZ, on the output winding of the pulse transformer, the current in the secondary winding decreases (in standard schemes, at the CW current increases, increasing the keys). This leads to a decrease in the current on the winding of the OS. Thus, the generation stops, the keys themselves are locked.
The only disadvantage of such a solution is that with a long-term CZ at the exit, the scheme fails, since the keys are heated and strong enough. Do not undergo the output winding of the KZ with a duration of more than 5-8 seconds.
The scheme will now start without load, in one word we got a full-fledged UPS with protection from KZ.
Refinement number 2.
Now we will try to some extent to smooth the network voltage from the rectifier. To do this, we will use chokes and smoothing capacitor. In my case, a ready throttle with two independent windings is used. This throttle was removed from the DVD player UPS, although self-made chokes can be used.
After the bridge, connect the electrolyte with a capacity of 200μF with a voltage of at least 400 volts. The capacitance of the capacitor is selected on the basis of the power of the 1MKF power supply unit per 1 watt of power. But how do you remember, our BP is designed for 105 watts, why is the condenser used to 200mkf? This will understand quite soon.
Refinement number 3.
Now about the main thing - the practice of the electronic transformer and is it real? In fact, there is only one reliable way to practice without special alterations.
For cleaning it is convenient to use this with an annular transformer, since it will be necessary to rewind the secondary winding, it is for this reason that we will replace our transformer.
Network winding is stretched throughout the ring and contains 90 turns of the wire of 0.5-0.65mm. The winding winds on two folded ferrite rings that were removed from this with a power of 150 watts. The secondary winding is dulling on the basis of needs, in our case it is designed for 12 volts.
It is planned to increase power up to 200 watts. That is why it was necessary that the electrolyte was needed, which was mentioned above.
Capacitors of the demosta we replace 0.5μF, in the standard scheme they have a capacity of 0.22 microf. Bipolar keys MJE13007 replace on MJE13009.
The power winding of the transformer contains 8 turns, the winding was made with 5-centuries of the wires of 0.7 mm, so we have a wire with a total cross section of 3.5mm in the primary.
Go ahead. Before and after the throtters, we put the film capacitors with a capacity of 0.22-0.47MCF with a voltage of at least 400 volts (I used it is those capacitors that were on the board this and which I had to be replaced to increase power).
The transformer operation will be stopped on the current conversion from the network with a voltage of 220 V. Devices are divided by the number of phases, as well as an overload indicator. The market presents modifications of single-phase and two-phase types. The current overload parameter ranges from 3 to 10 A. if necessary, you can make an electronic transformer with your own hands. However, it is primarily important for this to get acquainted with the model device.
Model scheme
The electronic 12B scheme involves using a bandwidth. The winding is applied directly with the filter. To increase the clock frequency in the chain there are capacitors. They are produced open and closed type. Single-phase modifications use rectifiers. These elements are needed to increase current conductivity.
On average, the sensitivity of the models is 10 mV. With the help of expansion, problems with overloads on the network are solved. If we consider a two-phase modification, it uses a thyristor. The specified element is usually installed with resistors. Their capacitance is on average equal to 15 PF. The level of current conductivity in this case depends on the workload of the relay.
How to do yourself?
You can easily make it easily. To do this, it is important to use a wired relay. The expander for it is advisable to select a pulse type. To increase the sensitivity parameter, condensers are used. Many experts recommend resistors to install with insulators.
Filters sold out to solve problems with voltage jumps. If we consider a self-made single-phase model, then the modulator is more expedient to select 20 W. The output resistance in the transformer circuit should be 55 ohms. Directly for connecting the device, the output contacts are soldered.
Condenser resistor devices
The electronic transformer circuit for 12V involves the use of a wired relay. In this case, the resistors are installed behind the lamp. As a rule, modulators are used by an open type. Also, the diagram of the electronic transformer for halogen lamps 12V includes rectifiers that are selected with filters.
To solve commutation problems, amplifiers are needed. The output resistance parameter on average is 45 ohms. The conductivity of the current, as a rule, does not exceed 10 MK. If we consider single-phase modification, then it has a trigger. Some experts use triggers to increase conduction. However, in this case, thermal losses are significantly increased.
Transformers with a regulator
The transformer 220-12 in the regulator is pretty simple. The relay in this case is standard used wired type. The controller is directly installed with the modulator. To solve problems with reverse polarity there is kenotron. It can be used with or without it.
The trigger in this case is connected through the conductors. These elements are capable of working only with pulsed expansion. On average, the conductivity parameter for transformers this type does not exceed 12 MK. It is also important to note that the negative resistance indicator depends on the sensitivity of the modulator. As a rule, it does not exceed 45 ohms.
Using wired stabilizers
The transformer 220-12 V with a wired stabilizer is very rare. For normal operation of the device, a quality relay is necessary. The indicator of the negative resistance is an average of 50 ohms. The stabilizer in this case is fixed on the modulator. The specified element is primarily intended to reduce the clock frequency.
Thermal losses at the same time the transformer is minor. However, it is important to note that the trigger is a great pressure. Some experts in the current situation recommend using capacitive filters. They are sold with the conductor and without it.
Models with a diode bridge
The transformer (12 volts) of this type is made on the basis of selective triggers. The indicator of the threshold resistance in the models on average equals 35 Ohm. Transceivers are installed to solve problems with lower frequency. Directly diode bridges are used with different conductivity. If we consider single-phase modifications, then in this case the resistors are selected into two plates. The conductivity indicator does not exceed 8 MK.
Tetrods in transformers allow you to significantly increase the sensitivity of the relay. Modifications with amplifiers are very rare. The main problem of transformers of this type is negative polarity. It occurs due to the increase in the temperature of the relay. To correct the situation, many experts recommend using triggers with conductors.
Taschibra model
The electronic transformer scheme for halogen lamps 12V includes a two-layer trigger. The relay at the model uses a wired type. Extenders are applied to solve problems with reduced frequency. In total, the model has three capacitors. Thus, problems with overload in the network rarely occur. On average, the output resistance parameter is kept at the level of 50 ohms. According to experts, the output voltage on the transformer should not exceed 30 W. On average, the sensitivity of the modulator is 5.5 MK. However, in this case it is important to consider the expander loading.
RET251C device
The specified electronic transformer for lamps is performed with an output adapter. The extender at the model has a dipole type. In total, three condenser are installed in the device. The resistor is applied to solve problems with negative polarity. The condensers at the model are rarely overheated. The modulator is connected directly through the resistor. In total, the model has two thyristors. First of all, they are responsible for the output voltage parameter. Thyristors are also designed to ensure the stable operation of the expander.
Transformer GET 03.
The transformer (12 volts) of the specified series is very popular. In total, the model has two resistors. They are near the modulator. If we talk about the indicators, it is important to note that the frequency of the modification is 55 Hz. Connecting the device is carried out through the output adapter.
The expander is selected with an insulator. In order to solve problems with negative polarity, two capacitors are used. The regulator in the presented modification is absent. The conductivity indicator of the transformer is 4.5 MK. The output voltage fluctuates in the region of 12 V.
ELTR-70 device
The specified electronic transformer 12V includes two passing thyristors. A distinctive feature of the modification is considered high clock frequency. Thus, the process of current conversion is carried out without voltage jumps. The extender at the model is used without plating.
To reduce sensitivity there is a trigger. It is installed standard selective type. The negative resistance rate is 40 ohms. For single-phase modification, this is considered normal. It is also important to note that the devices are connected through the output adapter.
Model ELTR-60
This transformer highlights high voltage stability. The model applies to single-phase devices. His capacitor is used with high conductivity. Problems with negative polarity are solved at the expense of the expander. It is installed behind the modulator. The regulator in the presented transformer is absent. In total, the model uses two resistors. The containers have 4.5 PF. If you believe specialists, the overheating of the elements is observed very rarely. The output voltage on the relay is strictly 12 V.
Transformers tra110
These transformers operate from the passing relay. Extenders from the model are used in different capacity. On average, the output resistance rate of the transformer is 40 ohms. There is a model to two-phase modifications. The indicator of the threshold frequency is 55 Hz. In this case, the resistors are used dipole type. In total, the model has two capacitors. To stabilize the frequency during the device, a modulator operates. Conductors from the model are soldered with high conductivity.