Iceman clock propeller. Watch propeller on ATMEGA8. Concept POV

Many wonderful electronic projects can be found on the Internet, which does not give an inquisitive mind.
And let the "Propeller clock" are far from novelty in large networkBut I, stupling at one fine moment on the clock scheme with a stroboscopic effect, could not pass by.

A bit of theory

The main idea of \u200b\u200bthe device consists in microcontroller control of a group of LEDs installed on a quick-proof base.

The code sets a cycle that is repeated from external interrupt. Suppose the length of the total pack of 15 ms. At this time period, each LED lights up N-number. With a low frequency of rotation, the human eye cares only a single inclusion of all LEDs immediately. But it is worth an increase in the frequency of rotation, and the small intervals of the total pack will begin to stretch along the x axis, and the eye will begin to capture unreasonable responses. This will continue until a certain boundary rotational speed, in which the interval with a duration of 15 ms will be deployed on some length along the X axis, in which the flashing intervals inside the common pack will be clearly distinguishable and the numbers will be drawn into the overall picture. A further increase in the rotational speed will lead to the stretching of the overall pack of pulses and the figures will not be readable.

The board redid it under the SMD components, because the less weight of the board, the smaller the load on the fan.

The rotating part consists of the main board and the indication board on which LEDs are installed.

As rectifier diodes, I used SS12 Schottie diodes. The microcontroller fell a 18-pin panel, as it was necessary "idling".

The length of the shoulder can be adjusted to taste from taking into account the comfortable observation of the luminous part. In my opinion, the expandment of 90-110 degrees is optimal. An extelling option is less than 90 degrees will someten the figures into a bunch, and more than 110 degrees will stretch the picture in diameter.

Initially, I chose the length of the shoulder at 65 mm, but the experience was unsuccessful and the finished fee saw up to 45 mm.

The board with LEDs has the following form.

It has 7 main LEDs and 2 illumination LEDs. All LEDs are 5 mm in diameter.

Compounds of two boards are performed by soldering connecting sites. The boards were finally, carried out the installation, connected. Now you need to put them on the fan rotor.
For this he drilled 3 holes with a scatter of 120 degrees.

They inserted screws with a secret head with a diameter of 3 mm and a long 20 mm. Passed on the nuts and secured fees on them.

The ends of the secondary winding soldered to the board. On the opposite direction, the indication board put compensating for the counterbalance to reduce the beyon during rotation.

It came the moment of idle run without a microcontroller. Put the rotor with boards in his place on the fan and filed meals on the HF generator, the fan is still still. Illuminated LEDs tanned. I checked the stress at the entrance, it caught up to 10 volts, this is normal. It remains to establish a synchronizing optocoupler consisting of an infrared photodiode and an infrared LED. The IR LED glued to the base of the fan and was driven from the main nutrition +12 V through a resistor 470 Ohm. On the board fell a regular IR photodiode.
I installed the optocouple so that when rotating the photodiode flown over the LED as close as possible.

I programmed.
Installed the controller in the panel, the rotor secured the locking ring.

It is starting time!

The first inclusion and delighted and disappeared at the same time. The scheme worked, the LEDs issued a time 12:00, as they had to, but the image was lubricated along the X axis. He began the "parsing of flights", as a result I came to the conclusion about the need to replace the photodiode. The scatter of the response area from the external interruption of MK was too big.

I decided to put a photodiode with a narrower pattern of the orientation, as well as the LED is black tape.

The response area decreased 2-3 times, and the subsequent inclusion was delivered: the blur completely disappeared.

I will note again that low-power fans will not accelerate this design to the desired speed of rotation, and the picture will fill in the eyes. I reworked the project three times, and only the option on the fan with the parameters of 0.4 A; 4.8 watts; 3200 rpm earned perfectly.

The obvious minus design is the lack of a backup controller power element. Yes, yes, the time will be discharged with each removal of the main nutrition + 12V.

This article is about making unusual watches. They have a lot of titles - the clock propeller, the watches of Boba flare. The screen of these hours is not similar to any of the usual hours. Display with mechanical scanning is used to display time. It is a fast rotating lever with LEDs installed on it, which form the image.
The lever rotates with a frequency of about 1500 rpm and diodes light and turn off on strictly a certain time. Since the lever rotates at high speed, it is almost impaired, and we only see the flashes of LEDs. In each position, the LED lever is lit in a specific combination, which allows you to form graphical and text information.
Depending on the form of the lever, the display can be in the form of a cylinder or disk. The straight lever allows you to imitate the shooting hours.
It is believed that the first made such a watch bob glare. On the Internet you can find a large number of various options for such hours. These watches were built on the sample of Henk Sotheby.

Main functions
Below are the main functions of the clock:
Display time and date
Installing all parameters from the remote control of the RC-5
Displaying time in digital and directional modes without dates and with date
Display of five-minute divisions
5mm ultrahright LEDs used
Rowing line with a sign beogenator.
Running line 128 symbols long is written in EEPROM.
Demo mode. Cyclic switching between the running string, analog and digital display.

Set summer time
Since the entire electronics is on a rotating lever, the question arises: how to set the time? In many models, time is installed on the lever itself with special buttons. With such a design you can see set time Only after starting the lever. In the case of an incorrect installation, you will have to stop the lever again and again in the blind time. In the present watches, the statutory is made from the remote control. Especially spectacularly looks like a time setting in the arrow mode.

Mechanics

Let us turn to the most complex stage of the manufacture of hours - mechanics. First you need a fan from the computer power supply. It is very desirable to use a high-quality fan with ball bearings, this will significantly extend the life of your watches. As a rule, the frequency of rotation of computer fans is 3000 rpm or 50 revolutions per second. This rotational frequency allows you to create a very stable image. But the lever rotating with such speed creates a lot of noise. Therefore, I lowered the speed of rotation to an acceptable level of noise.

Transmit energy from the stationary part on the rotating different ways. The most common slip contact. This method has many drawbacks - the instability of contact, noise, mechanical wear. In the watches made, a more elegant way was used. Transformer consisting of moving and fixed work. Its production is probably the most responsible stage in the manufacture of hours. First of all, you need to carefully disassemble the fan. To do this, revealed the sticker on the back side. And carefully pull the locking ring. After that, you can remove the impeller with the rotor. We are no longer needed for the plassma wing. Remove it from a metal base and wind up the secondary winding on it. The winding contains about 150 turns of the winding wire with a diameter of 0.3mm. Orinth is the layers 5. Each layer was missed by silicone sealant sold on any construction market) and succeeded.

I highly recommend using the wire in silk isolation - it will simplify the fixation of turns. The usual wire slides from a metal base.
For fastening the lever in the rotor, several holes are drilled.
From the fixed part of the fan, most plastic is removed and only the bottom frame remains.

The gap between the primary and secondary winding must be minimal. Really gets somewhere 0.3 - 0.7 mm. For the manufacture of the primary winding, it is necessary to make a mandrel. For this, any cylinder appropriate size is taken (I used the old capacitor) to which the required amount of paper is tightly wounds until the desired diameter is reached. Next, the order of 100 turns of the wire is winding like a secondary winding on this mandrel. After drying, the sealant is neatly pulled out. The resulting ring from the wire is core and fixed with a sealant to the fan base. Thus, we received a transformer for transmitting energy to rotating parts.

Next, you need to make the sensor position of the rotor. To do this, use any infrared LED and phototransistor. The LED is installed on a fixed base. Phototransistor on the rotating part on the same radius. Thus, so that the phototransistor would have shouted once for the turn. It is convenient to use the cut-off optocoupler.

Electronics
The clock electronics consists of two parts - rotating and fixed.

Stationary part
Schematic scheme fixed parts

Made on the PIC16F628 microcontroller, which decodes the commands with the IR receiver. This allows you to turn on the clock rotor. In the mode on, the microcontroller supplies the PWM signal to the transistor shutter that modulates the voltage in the primary winding of the transformer. PWM frequency will have to choose yourself. For each transformer, it has its optimal value. In my version, it had a value of about 7 kHz. Lack of this small engine rotor whistle. Better if it is more than 16 kHz.

In the off mode, the engine is turned off. Then a few seconds decreases the diet of pulses in the primary winding. In this mode, the energy is only needed to maintain the course of hours.

To adjust the engine speed, the LM317 chip is used which is included with the key on the field transistor.

Rotating part
Concept of rotating part

Energy to the rotating part comes with winding on the rotor. The voltage from the rotating part enters the rectifier and the stabilizer gives 5 V to power the microcontroller. At the input of the microcontroller there will be signals from an IR sensor from the remote control and the lever position sensor.

All LEDs are connected via transistors included in current sources. Thus, the LEDs are protected from overvoltage, which can reach 40 volts. This voltage may vary depending on the simultaneously included LEDs. The current of diodes can be taken equal to 50 mA, since the diodes operate in a pulse mode.

Remember such? Some time ago they conquered the Internet. It turns out a fairly widespread thing. See how they can be done ...

These funny electronically optical clockcreate an illusion that the numbers hang right in the air.

The rapidly rotating strip of seven LEDs is highlighted at certain points in time, from which the optical effect occurs, which is a discrete scoreboard seven-thirty-thirty dots. How do you work watch propeller?

A small circuit board is located on the electric motor shaft, on which the electronic filling and seven LEDs located vertically are collected. With a rapid rotation, any point light source is perceived by a person as a continuous strip of light. The microprocessor, in accordance with the laid program, modulates (turns on and off) in time to the backlight of each LED so that the effect of displaying numbers, which are hung in the air, as the board itself flashes so quickly that the eye is not able to track down . A similar effect is used, for example, in an electron-beam tube, where in certain moments a signal is fed to a continuously scanning screen electronic beam.

To download the original image from the author "Propeller clock" scheme

Design:

The clock is collected on a small circuit board. This board with components and LEDs rotates on the motor shaft. There is a question of how to bring energy to the board? To solve this problem, various options were considered. First, you can use two engines: one main, rotating scheme, and the second on its shaft, operating in the generator mode. You can also use a rotating transformer or aqueous rings. However, more convenient way It is to remove the voltage from the rotor windings of the main engine. To do this, you need to subjected to a small refinement: remove the bearing on one side of the shaft, leaving a free hole through which you can skip the wires.

Inside the engine there are three windings through which an alternating current flows through a 120 ° phase. To the ends of these windings you need to solder wires, which then connect to a three-phase rectifier on the board to get again d.C.. The advantages of this method include the fact that at the same time the position of the electric motor shaft can be monitored, if the same phase is to bring the microcontroller measuring input.

Electric motor refinement:

Take the unnecessary engine of the rotating heads from the Sharp or Samsung video recorder. Motor that is used in this project, has a JPA1B01 marking, but, according to the specification, it is called RMOTV1007GEZZ. Gently remove the brushes (through small holes in the case). Please note that the rotor is fixed in one end in the ball bearing, and the other end rests on the lid with the sliding bearing that you need to remove. Stick or solder it on top on the axis with ball bearings (on the other side) to strengthen the shaft. Adjust the axis height by closing it into vice and slightly knocking. Solder three conductor to three mounting sites on the engine rotor. Stick a small threaded sleeve on the axis from the other side where it comes out of the hole, secure the conductors under it and collect the motor. For greater stability of the design, you can glue this engine to the video head unit.

Installation of electronic components:

The components of the clock are soldered to the circuit board with metallized holes. Conclusions are connected by conductors. Under the 16C84 microprocessor, it is necessary to install a 18-output panel, since it is programmed in a separate programmer. Under seven load resistors R1B.R1H it is convenient to use the appropriate resistor matrix in the DIP version, which will allow experimenting with the brightness of the luminosity of LEDs. You can use discrete resistors with resistance of 120 ohms. They work normally, albeit at the limit of the pulse current 16c84. Think in advance how you will balance this fee so that it is provided for this place. You can replace the components to others, with close characteristics. The author used in the scheme a supernight accumulative capacitor in 47,000 μF in order for the readings of the clock to be discharged after turning off the motor power during correction and time setting. You can use an ionistor to 0.47 μF instead. Remember only the LEDs must be powered by bypassing it. A ceramic resonator should be used only at a frequency of 4 MHz, since the accuracy of the time of the clock depends on it (or when using the resonator to another frequency, it is necessary to make an appropriate modification of the program).

Programming 16C84.

To program the microcontroller 16c84, you can use any programmer available for this. The site has a binary firmware file (download). The source text in the assembler language can be found. When programming, be sure to set the following options: Wathdog Timer (WDT) - OFF, resonator. Normal Xt-crystal.

Final assembly and time setting:

Secure the board with parts and LEDs on the motor shaft. Solder three feed conductor. Submit voltage to the engine. Rated voltage is 6.2 V, but you can change it in the range from 5 V to 7.5 V. It is only necessary to take into account that due to the fall on the rectifier diodes, the voltage 5 V on the board corresponds to the supply voltage of the engine 6.2 V. After the voltage is filled on the clock, 12:00 should be displayed. If this is not the case, then perhaps the fact is that the accumulator has not fully discharged. Turn off the power and for resetting the microcontroller briefly close the conclusions 4 and 5 together. After that, you can turn on the power again, make sure that the clock works, turn off the power and install exact time Buttons "Clock", "Dozens of Minutes", "Minutes". If the numbers are highlighted by rear, change the polarity of the engine voltage. You can experiment with the board balancing, put the foam under the base of the engine to reduce vibration, etc.

With schemes. And you have something like:

Here is another option.

Unusual dynamic LED clock on a motor from hard disk.

Device diagram:

Well, when all doubts are postponed to the side, you can start ...

For the manufacture of propeller-hours we will need:

* 2 fibercristolic sheet, one-two-sided (45 * 120mm), and the second one-sided (35 * 60mm).
* Iron and chlorine iron (for etching boards).
* Motor from the HDD disk.
* Soldering iron with a thin stale, mini drill.

For hours:

* Driver led. MBI5170CD (Sop16, 8 Bit) - 4 pieces.
* Real-time clock DS1307Z / ZN (SMD, SO8) - 1 piece.
* ATMEGA32-16AU microcontroller (32K Flash, TQFP44, 16MH) - 1 piece.
* Quartz resonators 16MHz - 1 piece.
* Quartz resonators 32KHz - 1 piece.

* Ker. Condenser 100NF (0603 SMD) - 6 pieces.
* Ker. 22PF capacitor (0603 SMD) - 2 pieces.
* Ker. 10mF * 10V condenser (0603 SMD) - 2 pieces.
* 10KOM resistor (0603 SMD) - 5 pieces.
* Resistor 200M (0603 SMD) - 1 piece.
* Resistor 270om (0603 SMD) - 1 piece.
* 2KOM resistor (0603 SMD) - 4 pieces.
* Hour battery and holder for her
* IR LED
* IR transistor
* LEDs (0850) 33 pieces (one of them (extreme) can be different color)

For Motor Driver:

* TDA5140A engine driver - 1 piece.
* Linear stabilizer 78m05cdt - 1 piece.
* Condenser 100 MF Polar (0603 SMD) - 1 piece.
* Ker. Condenser 100 NF (0603 SMD) - 1 piece.
* Condenser 10 MF Polar (0603 SMD) - 2 pieces.
* Ker. Condenser 10 NF (0603 SMD) - 1 piece.
* Ker. Condenser 220 NF (0603 SMD) - 1 piece.
* 20 NF - 2 pieces.
* Resistor 10 KOM (0603 SMD) - 1 piece.

1) At first we need to make 2e fees.

2) looking for an old unnecessary hDD To remove the motor from it, in some hard drives the motor is not fastened with bolts, but pressed into the case, pay attention to this when choosing a hard disk, otherwise you have to cut :)

Hello everybody! I want to offer you a simple propeller watch, which I collected on the ATMEGA8 controller. They are made of available parts and easy to repeat and make them. The only thing is the programmer for the firmware of the watch controller and the control panel.

To base the clock, a conventional 120 mm (cooler) fan was used. Fans For these hours, you can use any, both with the rotation clockwise, and against, because while I collected this watch, the program redoned a little and switched the display of characters from the remote control.
The scheme of the hours themselves is quite simple and assembled on the ATMEGA8 microcontroller, to synchronize the work of which is used by a clock quartz with a frequency of 32768 Hz.
The clock feeds from the receiving coil, the energy to which is transmitted from the generator with the transmitting coil. Both of these coils make up an air transformer.

With the diagram and design of the generator, there were no special problems, since the generator from the plasma bowl was used.

The generator is assembled on a common TL494 chip and allows you to change the width and frequency of output pulses widely.
Even with a gap in a centimeter between the coils - the voltage is enough to start the clock. It should only be taken into account that the greater the clearance between the coils, the more you need to make the width of the pulse and, accordingly, the current consumption from the source is growing.

When the generator is turned on for the first time, the pulse width (diet) is at a minimum (the knob of the regulator in the top according to the position scheme, that is, 4 legs through the R7 resistor are attracted to 14, 15, 2 legs TL-494). The generator frequency is twist until the squeak disappears, it is about 18-20 kHz (rumor adjustment), and if there is something to measure the frequency, then we configure it accordingly within these limits.
On the generator board, the voltage regulator on LM317 is still compiled, designed to adjust the fan rotation speed.
It is not on the diagram, did not give
. See a demonstration video of work hours.

Video.

The board of the hour is attached to the base of the fan. I secured her double-sided scotch.

Then redoned a little clock scheme from the photoresistor to the infrared photodiode (drawing below).
In transmitter instead simple LED, I now have infrared.
The resistor instead of 2k put 100k.

Responsible moments in the manufacture of hours are - the manufacture of the air transformer and the centering (or rather balancing) of the clock board on the base of the fan.

To these moments, we take more seriously.

Air transformer.

The basis of the cooler 120 mm is usual with bronze bushings. The opening fee to the base is glued to two-way tape.
From the cooler, we bite the blades and we draw and align the file, sandpaper. The coils are made on the frame of the cable channel. I came up with such a design, not me, just took this idea from the Internet. For winding the transformer, the base is made from the cable channel. Every 5 mm on the side of the channel, we make an incision and gently turn it into a circle, select the diameter so that it fell tightly on the plastic base of the fan.

Next, on the mandrel from the cable channel, we wind 100 turns of the enameled wire, with a diameter of 0.25.
Current consumption of the collected transformer, I got 200 mA (this is with a rather noticeable gap between the coils).
In general, together with the fan motor, the consumption current is obtained in the 0.4-0.5a \u200b\u200barea.
The primary (transmitter) coil is also done, but we try to make the minimum gap between the coils. The transmitting coil also contains 100 turns of the wire 0.3 (the same 0.25).
On the diagram I have a few other motch data of these coils.

Watch fee.

Plank with LEDs is made on a fiberglass. A hole is drilled in it, a piece of tube from a telescopic antenna is inserted into this hole and soldered to the board (the antenna tube must be cleared of the shiny coating). You can use any suitable tube, or attach a fee with another way, for example, with the screw with nuts.
A board with LEDs connected with a regular enameled (winding) wiring clock, it is more harsh compared to the assembly and does not crack during rotation.

To balancing the entire board, on the other hand, we glue the thermoclaim, with a diameter of 3-4 mm, winding various nuts on the other side - we achieve a minimum vibration.
To test the performance of the hour board - Cottim the photoresistor with a screwdriver, tweezers, the LEDs should be blinking.
The clock is starting to work when 5V (logical unit) appears on the 5 leg of the ATMGE. That is, when illumination of the photoresistor - on 5 legs should be 5V,
When the photoresistor is not covered, on the 5th leg of the atmie should be logical 0 (about 0B), for this we select the resistor to the ground from 5 legs. The scheme costs 2 com, I got 2.5 com.
At the bottom of the fan, we glue the LED so that with each turn of the fan motor - the photoresistor passed as close as possible to the light source (LED).

Remote Control.

The control panel is designed to control the work of the clock, switching the display modes display (shift the direction of rotation of the fan), setting the time time.

The panel scheme is collected on the attiny2313 microcontroller. The board is installed by the MK itself with the strapping and six buttons designed to control the clock.

The body for the console did not collect, so only the photo of the board itself.

Information on the purpose of the remote control buttons;
H + and N- Setup hours
M + and M- Setup minutes
R / L Sender direction (for screws spinning clockwise and counterclockwise)
font changing font (thin, bold and inscription site)
When you inscribe the site with the H + and H buttons - the width of the inscription is adjusted.

In the attached archive contains all required files for assembling hours;

Archive for article

If you have any questions about the clock design, ask them on the forum, I will try to help and answer the questions that have arisen.