Launch diagram of fluorescent lamps with burnt spiral. Connection diagrams of fluorescent lamps of daylight. Extending the life of the daylight lamp

Energy-saving fluorescent lamps are increasingly crowded from the shelves outdated incandescent lamps. And it is not surprising, because they allow you to significantly save money for electricity, and you need to buy and change them not so often. In this case, the luminescent lamp has much better ergonomic indicators: it is more pleasant to the eye, not as harmful for him, like yellow light from incandescent bulbs.

Where it is necessary to regularly illuminate the workspace and work for a long time with artificial lighting, optimal option There will be a daylight lamp, the connection scheme of which has its own characteristics. Someone may seem disadvantage that the connection of such lamps has some nuances, but familiar with detailed instructions And the images, almost everyone will be able to connect such a lamp.

To connect fluorescent lamps (linear lamps) with an electromagnetic port-adjusting machine (right, choke), you must use starters. To connect a single lamp, consider an example with a starter S10.

Modern design in the Union with a non-empty external dielectric case made from macrolone makes this device one of the most reliable and in demand in its niche.

Starter functions The following is the following:

• ensuring k.z. in the chain to relieve ignition due to warming up the electrodes of the lamp;
• providing a breakdown of a gas gap by breaking the chain after sufficient heating of the electrodes, due to which the high-voltage pulse is caused and the trigger itself.

Choke (PRA) We are needed to perform the following tasks:

• current limit when closing starter electrodes;
• at the expense of EDs self-induction occurring at the time of opening of the starter electrodes is generated by the required voltage pulse for the breakdown of the gas-discharge lamp;
• ensuring stable burning of the brass discharge after the ignition of the lamp.

For the diagram below, the lamp is taken with a capacity of 36 (40) W, so choke (PRA) of the same power and starter S10, the power of which is 4-65 W.

Connection must be carried out in accordance with the diagram in the figure, namely:

1. to the pin output contacts of the linear fluorescent lamp, which are the outputs of the filament of the flask, connect the starter parallel;
2. to connect the starter to use one pin output at each end of the lamp;
3. the remaining free contacts of the lamp connects, also parallel to the network, induction choke (PRA);
4. parallel to the feed outputs (contacts) of the lamp will certainly be connected: it will be responsible for compensating for power (reactive), as well as for reducing interference in the power grid.

Connecting daylight lamps without starter using EPR

Electronic start-adjusting equipment (EPR) for luminescent lighting sources, or otherwise ballast, is required to connect the lamp to the network and does the effect of the converter. The need for this element is due to the design features and the principle of operation of the luminescent gas-discharge lamp, which is a light source with negative resistance.

The lamp may fail due to the supply at high currents. When the daylight lamp is connected using the EPR, the installation and saving in the permissible limits of the parameters of the supply electric voltage For the lighting device.

The feature of EPR is that there is no need to turn on the lamp anymore, including the starter.

Non-margin inclusion scheme luminescent lamps With the use of EPRA ensures:

• improving the reliability and durability of the lamp;
• lack of hum and flicker.

The indisputable advantages of the EPR are small dimensions and more favorable cost in comparison with electromagnetic chokes, inferior in all respects.

Compliance with certain recommendations will allow home master without much effort. It is necessary to take into account the type of illumination, the total power, the calculation of the stock of power supplies and RGB amplifiers.

To find out where you can apply lED bulbs In domestic conditions, it is enough to read.

Usually, the EPRA is sold complete with the necessary wires and connectors (metal clips), as well as there are models for conveniently connecting two fluorescent lamps at once.

The electronic circuit of connecting fluorescent lamps is shown below. It is relevant for new and significantly more energy-efficient lamps of type T8 IT5.

Startup process Lamps can be divided into three stages (similar to other ways to inclusion):

• heating electrodes for a more careful start, therefore, to maintain the life expectancy of the lamp;
• high voltage impulse generation required for ignition;
• stabilization and subsequent supply of the necessary operating voltage.

Thanks to the inclusion of the IR2153 chip of fluorescent lamps, the IR2153 microcircuit lamps implements the protection of the system from the brave or on the effects of inclusion in the absence of a lamp, due to blocking the operation of power transistors.

Two-decay diagram of connecting fluorescent lamps

On the example of two 18-watt fluorescent lamps, we will consider what is necessary for the connection and how work is carried out. Connection diagram with wiring is shown below.

To connect sequentially two fluorescent lamps, you will need:

• 2 fluorescent lamps (in this case with a capacity of 18/20 W);
• Induction choke (for the described scheme Power 36 / 40W);
• 2 starter S2 (4-22W).

To begin with, each of the linear luminescent lamps is connected in parallel starter. To do this, it is necessary to use one pin out of two ends of each lamp. The remaining contacts are connected in series through the induction electromagnetic choke, to the power supply network.

In order to compensate reactive power, as well as to reduce interference, regularly arising in any in the power grid, condensers are connected parallel to the feeding contacts of the lamps. However, keep in mind that contacts of many standard household switches, especially inexpensive, I can skip from high starting currents.

Drivers and car enthusiasts often have to deal with the solution of the issue -. There are several ways to do this: both with the help of additional devices, and without them.

ABOUT various methods Generator checks can be found, and correctly set to home network The generator will help useful.

Modern flow-adjusting equipment has small dimensions and arranged in such a way as not to simply connect lamps, but also ensure the reliability and safety of the operation of the schemes, protection against voltage drops and other factors. Via electronic circuits You can implement the connection of more complex systems, for example, highlighting advertising stands, organize lighting large industrial or storage rooms.

Also luminescent technologies and connecting linear light sources is used in medical institutions, office premises.

At the same time, the design features of the lamps themselves and electronic modern chokes ensure high efficiency and efficiency of using such technologies. Therefore, the trend of the ubiquitous transition to modern eco-friendly and economical luminescent lamps is obvious.

Schemes and connection methods are not complicated, require minimum equipment and add. Elements that are always in an open sale.

Video review with a description of one of the ways of inclusion of the daylight lamp - from 220 volts

The scheme for the inclusion of fluorescent lamps is much more difficult than the incandescent lamps.
Their ignition requires the presence of special starting devices, and the life of the lamp is dependent on the quality of these devices.

To understand how the launch systems work, you need to get acquainted with the device of the highlight itself.

A fluorescent lamp is a gas-discharge source of light, the light stream of which is formed in mainly due to the luminescence of the fluorofore layer deposited on the inner surface.

When the lamp is turned on in steaming of mercury, which is filled with a test tube, an electronic discharge occurs and the UV radiation occurred with all this affects the coating from the phosphor. With all this, the frequency conversion of invisible UV radiation (185 and 253.7 nm) into radiation of visible light occurs.
Eat lamps have low power consumption and are very popular, especially in industrial premises.

Schemes

When connecting fluorescent lamps, a special commissioning technique is used - right. There are 2 types of Pra: electronic - EPR (electronic ballast) and electromagnetic - Empre (Starter and Choke).

Connection diagram using electromagnetic ballast or empra (droseller and starter)

A more common scheme for connecting a fluorescent lamp - using EMPRA. it starter inclusion scheme.

Principle of operation: when connecting the power supply at the starter, the discharge appears and
Through the bimetallic electrodes are closed, after that the current in the circuit of the electrodes and the starter is limited only by the internal impedance of the choke, as follows, almost three times the working current in the lamp increases and the electrodescent lamp electrodes are instantly heated.
Simultaneously, bimetallic starter contacts are cooled and the chain opens.
At the same time, the throttle break, due to self-induction, creates a triggering high-voltage pulse (up to 1 chat), which leads to a discharge in the gas environment and the lamp lights up. After that, the voltage on it will be equal to half of the network, which will not be enough to re-closing the starter electrodes.
When the lamp shines the starter will not participate in the work scheme and its contacts will remain open.

Basic Disadvantages

• In comparison with a circuit with an electronic ballast by 10-15% greater flow of electricity.

• Long start at least 1 to 3 seconds (dependence on lamp wear)

• Inoperability at low ambient temperatures. For example, in winter in the unheated garage.

• The stroboscopic result of the flashing lamp, which does not have an effect on vision, with the details of the machines rotating synchronously with the frequency of the network, seem fixed.

• The sound from the heater of the choke plates growing over time.

Inclusion scheme with two lamps but one choke. It should be noted that the inductance of the choke should be sufficient for the power of the eatter two lamps.
It should be noted that in a sequential inclusion scheme, two lamps are used by 127 volts, they will not work in a single-band diagram for which 220 volts starters will be needed.

ETA scheme where, as you can see, there is neither the starter nor the drosel, it is possible to apply if the lamps overloaded the filament. In this case, the LDS can be lit with the help of an increase in transformer T1 and C1 condenser that will limit the current flowing through the lamp from the 220 volt network.

Eta scheme is suitable for the same lamps in which the threads of the heat are burned, but here there are already a non-propelled transformer that clearly simplifies the design of the device.

But this scheme with the use of a diode rectifier bridge eliminates its flickering lamps with a frequency of the network, which is snapsted very noticeable when it is aging.

or more difficult

If the lamp in your lamp, the starter flashes or flashes the lamp (along with the starter if it looks at the starter body) and should not be replaced at hand, it is possible to light the lamp without it - enough for 1-2 seconds. Sort the starter contacts or put the S2 button (Caution Danger Voltage)

the same case but already for a lamp with blown filaments

Connection diagram using electronic ballast or erap

The electronic port-regulating device (EPR), unlike the electromagnetic, fits the lamps of the non-network frequency voltage, and high-frequency from 25 to 133 kHz. And this completely eliminates the likelihood of advent of flickering lamps. The EPR uses an autogeneral circuit, including a transformer and output cascade on transistors.

The fluorescent lamp is a light source where the glow is achieved by creating an electric discharge in an inert gas environment and mercury vapor. As a result of the reaction, an imperceptible ultraviolet glow occurs, acting on a luminofor layer, existing on the inner surface of the glass flask. The standard luminescent lamp connection diagram is an electromagnetic balance device (EMPRA).

Luminescent lamp device

In most bulbs, the flask is made in the form of a cylinder. There are more complex geometric forms. In the ends of the lamp there are electrodes that resemble the structures of the spiral of incandescent bulbs. Electrodes are made of tungsten and soldered to those from the outside pin. Voltage is supplied to these pin.

Inside the fluorescent lamp created a gas medium, which is characterized by a negative resistance, which manifests itself with a decrease in the voltage between the electrodes that are opposite each other.

In the lamp switching circuit, the choke is used (Ballack). His task is to form a significant voltage pulse, at the expense of which the bulb will turn on. The set includes a starter representing a lamp of the glow discharge with a pair of electrodes in an inert gas environment. One of the electrodes is a bimetallic plate. In the off state, the fluorescent light bulb is open.

The figure below shows a diagram of a fluorescent lamp.

How the fluorescent lamp works

The principles of working fluorescent light sources are based on the following provisions:

1. The scheme is sent voltage. However, at the beginning, the current does not fall on the light bulb due to high voltage of the medium. The current moves along the spirals of diodes, gradually heating them. The current is fed to the starter, where the voltages are sufficient to appear the glow discharge.
2. As a result of heating the contacts of the starter, the current of the bimetallic plate occurs. The metal takes on the function of the conductor, the discharge is completed.
3. The temperature in the bimetallic conductor drops, the contact is opened on the network. The throttle creates a high voltage pulse as a result of self-induction. As a result, a luminescent light is lit.
4. Through the lighting device there is a current that decreases by half, as the voltage on the throttle is reduced. It is not enough for another launch of the starter, the contacts of which are in the open state when the light is turned on.

To make a circuit on the inclusion of two light bulbs installed in the same lighting device, a general throttle is needed. The lamps are connected consistently, however, on each light source there is a parallel starter.

Connection options

Consider different options for connecting the fluorescent lamp.

Connection using electromagnetic balance (EMPRA)

The most common type of connecting a luminescent light source is a diagram with a starter, where Empra is used. The principle of the operation of the scheme is based on the fact that, as a result of the power supply, a discharge occurs in the starter and the bimetallic electrodes occurs.

The current in the electrocipes of conductors and the starter is limited only by internal throttle resistance. As a result, the working current in the light bulb increases almost three times, there is a rapid heating of the electrodes, and after losing temperature, self-induction and the ignition of the lamp occurs.

Disadvantages of the scheme:

1. In comparison with other methods, this is a fairly costly option in terms of electricity consumption.
2. Start takes no less than 1 - 3 seconds (depending on the degree of wear of the light source).
3. The inability to work at low air temperature (for example, in the conditions of unheated basement or garage space).
4. There is a stroboscopic effect of flashing light bulb. This factor is negative about human vision. Such lighting cannot be applied in production purposes, because quickly moving items (for example, a blank in the lathe) seem fixed.
5. Unpleasant heating of throttle plates. As the device wear wear, the sound is growing.

The inclusion scheme is designed in such a way that it has one throttle on two light bulbs. The inductance of the choke should be enough on both light sources. Starters are used by 127 volts. For one-band scheme, they are not suitable, there are 220 volts devices.

The picture below shows a poorly connected connection. The starter is missing. The scheme is used in case of brave damnation of the lamps. A boost transformer T1 is used and the C1 condenser, which limits the current running through the light bulb from the 220-volt network.

The following scheme is used for bulbs with blown threads. However, there is no need for an increase in the transformer, so that the design of the device becomes easier.

Below is a way to use a diode rectifying bridge, which levels the flickering of the bulb.

In the figure below, the same technique, but in a more complex execution.

Two tubes and two chokes

To connect a daylight lamp, you can use a sequential connection:

1. Phase from wiring is sent to the choke input.
2. From the throttle output of the phase goes to contact the light source (1). From the second contact is sent to the starter (1).
3. From the starter (1), departs on the second contact pair of the same light bulb (1). The remaining contact is joined with zero (N).

In the same way, the second tube is connected. Initially, the throttle, then one contact light bulb (2). The second contact of the group is sent to the second starter. The starter output is combined with a second pair of light source contacts (2). The remaining contact should be connected to zero input.

Connection diagram of two lamps from one choke

The scheme provides for the presence of two starters and one throttle. The most expensive element of the scheme - choke. A more economical option is a two-flame lamp with choke. On how to implement the scheme, tells in the video.

The disadvantages of the Empre scheme caused the need to search for a more optimal connection method. During the research, a method involving the electronic ballast was invented. In this case, it is used not a network frequency (50 Hz), but high frequencies (20 - 60 kHz). It is possible to get rid of the blinking of light harmful to the eye.

Externally, the electronic ballast is a block with outgoing terminals. The inner part of the device contains pCB, Based on which you can collect the entire scheme. The block is small, thanks to which it is placed in the case even a small lighting device. The inclusion is carried out much faster compared to the Empra standard. The operation of the device does not deliver acoustic discomfort. This method Connections are called nonsense.

It is not difficult to understand the principle of operation of the device of this type, since there is a scheme on its reverse side. It shows the number of lamps for connecting and explaining the inscriptions. There is information about the power of the light bulbs and other technical parameters Devices.

Connection is as follows:

1. The first and second contact is connected to a pair of lamp contacts.
2. The third and fourth contacts are sent to the remaining pair.
3. The input serves power supply.

Using voltage multipliers

This option allows you to connect a luminescent lamp without the use of electromagnetic balance. Usually used to increase the period of operation of the light bulbs. The connection diagram of burnt lamps makes it possible to operate light sources for some time, provided that their power is not more than 20 - 40 W. The filament of the heat is allowed both fit and disturbed. In any case, the pins of the threads must be shortened.

As a result of straightening, the voltage increases twice, so the light bulb turns on almost instantly. C1 and C2 capacitors are selected based on the operating voltage of 600 volts. The lack of capacitors consists in their large sizes. The C3 and C4 capacitors prefer mica devices per 1000 volts.

Fluorescent lamps are incompatible with constant current. Very soon mercury in the device accumulates so much that the light becomes significantly weaker. To restore the brightness of the glow, change polarity by turning the light bulb. Alternatively, you can set the switch to remove the lamp each time.

Connecting without starter

The method using the starter is associated with a long heating of the light bulb. In addition, this item must often change. It allows a diagram where heating electrodes is carried out using old transformer windings. The transformer acts as ballast.

On light bulbs used without starter, there should be an inscription RS ( fast start). The light source with the launch through the starter does not fit, as its conductors are warm long, and the spirals are quickly burned.

Sequential connection of two light bulbs

In this case, it is necessary to connect two luminescent lamps with one ballast. All devices are connected in a sequential way.

For carrying out electrical work, such details will be needed:

• induction choke;
• starters (2 units);
• fluorescent light bulbs.

Connection is performed in the following order:

1. We attach the starters to each light bulb. Connecting in parallel. Connection location - pin input on the ends of the lighting device.
2. Free contacts send to electric network. For connection, use choke.
3. By contacts of the light source, we attach condensers. Allows to reduce the intensity of interference on the network and compensate for the power reactivity.

Note! In standard household switches (especially in low-cost models), contacts are often stuffed due to too high starting currents. In this regard, for use in aggregate with luminescent lamps, it is recommended to purchase high-quality switches.

Replacement lamp

If there is no light and the cause of the problem is only to replace the blown light bulb, you need to act as follows:

1. Disassemble the lamp. We do it carefully not to damage the device. Turn the tube along the axis. The direction of movement is indicated on the holders in the form of arrings.
2. When the tube is rotated 90 degrees, we lower it down. Contacts must go through the holes in the holders.
3. Contacts of the new light bulb must be in the vertical plane and fall into the hole. When the lamp is installed, turn the tube in reverse side. It remains only to turn on the power supply and check the system for performance.
4. Final action - installation of scattering plafo.

System performance checking

After connecting the fluorescent lamp, it should be verified for its performance and in the health of streaming devices. For testing, you will need a tester by which the cathode threads are checked. Permissible level Resistance - 10 ohms.

If the tester has determined the resistance as an infinite one, it is not necessary to throw away the light bulb. This source Light still saves functionality, but it is necessary to use it in a cold start mode. In the usual state, the starter contacts are open, and its capacitor does not miss d.C.. In other words, the transclon should show a very high resistance that sometimes reaches hundreds of ohm.

After touching the ommeters of throttles, the resistance is gradually reduced to a constant value inherent in the winding (several dozen ohms).

Note! The throttle of the recently set light bulb speaks about the faulty state of the throttle.

It is not possible to reliably determine the interstitious closure in the throttle winding, using the usual Ommeter, will not work. However, if the device has a function of measuring induction and EMPRA data, the inconsistency of values \u200b\u200bwill indicate the availability of a problem.

When choosing a modern way to illuminate the room, you need to know how to connect the daylight lamp yourself.

The large area of \u200b\u200bthe surface of the glow contributes to the receipt of even scattered lighting.

Therefore, it was this option that has become very popular and in demand in recent years.

Luminescent lamps belong to gas-discharge lighting sources characterized by the formation of ultraviolet radiation under the influence of electrical discharge in mercury pairs, followed by the transformation into a high visible lighting.

The appearance of light is due to the presence on the inner surface of the lamp of a special substance called the phosphor absorbing UV radiation. The change in the composition of the luminofor allows you to change the shadow gamut of the glow. Luminofoor can be represented by calcium haluphosphates and calcium-zinc orthophosphates.

The principle of the fluorescent light bulb

Support for arc discharge occurs through the thermoelectronic emission of electrons on the surface of the cathodes, which are heated by passing the current limiting the ballast.

The lack of daylight lamps is represented by the lack of ability to perform direct connection to the electrical network, which is due to the physical nature of the lamp glow.

A significant part of the lamps intended for the installation of daylight lamps has built-in glow or throttle mechanisms.

Connecting daylight lamp

To competently implement independent connection, It is necessary to choose the right light lamp.

Such products are marked with a three-digit code containing all the information about the quality of light or the color reproduction index and color temperature.

The first digit marking is designated the level of color transmission, and the higher these indicators are, the more reliable color reproduction it is possible to get in the lighting process.

The designation of the lamp glow temperature is represented by digital figures of the second and third order.

The greatest distribution received an economical and highly efficient connection based on electromagnetic ballast, complemented by a neon starter, as well as a diagram with a standard ballast of electronic type.

Flow light lamp connection circuits with starter

On your own, connect the incandescent lamp is quite simple, which is due to the presence of all the necessary elements and the standard assembly scheme.

Two tubes and two chokes

Technology and features of an independent serial connection in this way the following method:

• supply of the phase wire to the ballast entrance;
• connecting the throttle to the first contact group of the lamp;
• connecting the second contact group to the first starter;
• connect from the first starter to the second tube contact group;
• compound free contact with wire on zero.

The second tube is connected in a similar way. From the ballast there is a connection to the first tube contact, after which the second contact with this group goes to the second starter. Then there is a connection of starter output with the second tube pair of contacts and compound a free contact group with a zero inner wire.

This method of connection, according to specialists, is optimal in the presence of a pair of lighting sources and a pair of connecting sets.

Connection diagram of two lamps from one choke

An independent connection from one throttle is less common, but a completely simple option. Such a twolybular sequential connection is characterized by economy and requires the acquisition of an induction choke, as well as pairs of starters:

• to the lamps by parallel connection, the starter on the pin exit from the ends is joined;
• consistent attachment of free contacts to the electrical network using a throttle;
• attaching capacitors in parallel to the contact group of the lighting device.

Two lamps and one choke

Standard switches related to the category of budget models are often characterized by a pinch of contacts as a result of increasing starting currents, therefore it is advisable to apply special high-quality contact switching versions.

How to connect daylight lamp without throttle?

Consider how the fluorescent fluorescent lamps occurs. Simple scheme There is even a duplicate connection even on burnt tubes of daylight lamps and is distinguished by the lack of inclusion thread.

In this case, the power of the lighting instrument tube is due to the presence of increased constant voltage by means of a diode bridge.

Scheme for switching on the lamp without choke

Such a scheme is characterized by the presence of a conductive wire or a wide strip of foil paper, one side attached to the output of the lamp electrodes. For fixing at the ends of the flasks, metal clamps are used, similar to the diameter lamp.

Electronic ballast

The principle of the functioning of the lighting device with an electronic ballast is to pass the electric current through the rectifier, followed by the condenser buffer zone.

In the electronic ballast, along with classic start-up control devices, the implementation of the start and stabilization occurs by the throttle. Power depends on high-frequency current.

Electronic ballast

Natural complication of the scheme is accompanied by a number of advantages over low-frequency option:

• increasing efficiency indicators;
• elimination of the flicker effect;
• weight loss and dimensions;
• lack of noise in the process of work;
• improving reliability;
• long operational term.

In any case, the fact that electronic ballasts belong to the category pulse devicesTherefore, their inclusion without a sufficient load is the main cause of failure.

Checking the performance of the energy-saving lamp

Easy testing allows you to reveal the breakdown timely and correctly determine the main cause of the malfunction, and sometimes perform yourself the most simple repair work:

• Dismantling of the diffuser and attentive inspection of the fluorescent tube in order to detect the sections of pronounced blame. Very rapid blackening of the ends of the flask testifies to the brave breakdown.
• Checking the filaments of the heat for the absence of discontinuities using a standard multimeter. In the absence of damage to the threads, the resistance indicators may vary within 9.5-9.2om.

If the lamp check did not show failures in operation, the absence of operation can be due to the breakdown of additional elements, including an electronic ballast and a contact group, which is often subjected to oxidation and needs sweeping.

Checking the performance of the throttle is carried out by turning off the starter and the closure on the cartridge. After that, you need to knock the lamp cartridges and measure the throttle resistance. If the starter replacement fails to get desired result, the main fault, as a rule, lies in the condenser.

What causes danger in an energy-saving lamp?

Various energy-saving lighting devices that have become relatively recently popular and fashionable, according to some scientists, are able to cause quite serious damage not only to the environment, but also human health:

• poisoning mercury-containing pairs;
• lesions of skin with the formation of a pronounced allergic reaction;
• increased risk of development of malignant tumors.

The flickering lamps often become the cause of insomnia, chronic fatigue, reducing immunity and the development of neurotic states.

It is important to know that mercury is released from a broken flask of the fluorescent lamp, so operation and further disposal should be carried out in compliance with all the rules and precautions.

A significant reduction in the life of the lamp luminescent, as a rule, it happens to be provoked by the instability of the voltage or malfunctions of ballast resistance, therefore, with insufficiently qualitative operation of the electric grid, the use of conventional incandescent lamps is assumed.

Video on the topic

In the conditions of constant growth of tariffs for the use of electricity, the demand of the population on more economical fluorescent lamps has significantly increased (daylight lamps).

There are quite a few options for them. external viewHowever, they are all inside are the same.

Inside the glass flask, whatever form it is, there are:

1. Inert gas With mercury couples.
2. Spiral electrodes. Fluorescent coating (luminophore), applied on the walls of the flask.

The principle of work is as follows: Under the action of electric current, spirals (electrodes) are split and ignited gas, under the action of which the phosphor begins.

Due to the limited sizes of the electrodes, the voltage of the household power grid is not enough to ignite them. Therefore, for the ignition of the electrodes, a special element is used - choke. In addition, to avoid overheating of the helix, another element is used - which, after the gas ignition, turns off the heat of the electrodes.

Structurally, the choke (EMPRA) is an inductor of inductance with a special ferromagnetic core. As a rule, a core coil is placed in a metal case.

Operating principle

The principle of operation of the daylight lamp

At the time of inclusion, the starter starts the first. It warms bimetallic electrodes, as a result of which their short circuit occurs. After that, the current in the chain is limited only by the internal resistance of the choke, increases sharply (more than 3 times). The electrodes of the lamp instantly warm up, and bimetallic starter contacts, cooling, open the launch circuit.

At the time of break electrical chain In Emmpra, due to the effect of self-induction, a high-voltage impulse arises (800-1000 V), which provides an electrical discharge in an inert gas medium.

Under the action of this discharge, the invisible ultraviolet luminescence of mercury vapor begins, which, by affecting the phosphor, causes it to glow in a visible spectrum.

For further work, electricity It is evenly distributed between the throttle and the lamp, ensuring that the stable operation is so. At the same time, the streaming device (PRA) does not spend energy, but only accumulates it and converts.

After the gas ignition, the voltage in the flask does not exceed half the voltage of the power grid, which is not enough for the subsequent closure of the starter contacts. Thus, with a steady glow, the starter does not participate in the workflow and its contacts remain open.

Ignition of gas does not always occur the first time. Sometimes the starter needs 5-6 attempts to repeat the above-described process, which causes, unpleasant person, the effect of "blinking".

To avoid this effect helps the use of the so-called electronic choke (EPR), the principle of operation is as follows:

1. Low-frequency voltage Household power grid is transformed into constant.
2. The resulting constant voltage Inverted into high-frequency (up to 133 kHz) alternating voltage.
3. When connecting EPR There is a sharp increase in current and voltage strength to values \u200b\u200bsufficient to warm the electrodes and the occurrence of the gas discharge.
4. After the start of the lumination of the phosphorThe voltage on the electrodes decreases to the value of the luminescence voltage, and the pulse frequency varies to the level at which the current of the nominal value is set.

The use of the electronic ballast allows us to provide the ignition of the electrodes instantly and at the same time get rid of the unpleasant "blinking".

Views

There are several ways to classify the rights used in the diagrams of connecting fluorescent lamps.

At the same time, they are distinguished by:

1. The principle of operation:
   • Empra (electromagnetic chokes);
   • Epra (electronic ballasts);
2. In terms of power loss, the level of throttle energy can be from 15 to 100% lamp power):
   • D. (normal);
   • FROM (reduced);
   • IN (especially low);
3. By sound noise level:
   • N. (normal);
   • P (reduced);
   • FROM (very low);
   • BUT (especially low);

Connecting daylight lamp

In general, Empra to the daylight lamp is connected by a consistent electrical circuit.. At the same time, the starter is connected in parallel with the lamp, and a compensation capacitor is connected parallel to the electrical network, which serves to correct the power coefficient.

The electrical circuit of connecting the electronic ballast (EPR) to the fluorescent lamp is even easier. There are no additional radio elements in it.

There is also a large number of electrical circuits for connecting daylight lamps at all without starter or any species of pra. Among them are especially popular with an electrical unfortunate scheme, the use of which does not change at all technical characteristics Luminescent lamp, but it significantly extends its service life.

Malfunctions and repair of electromagnetic right

Most often, the source of malfunctions associated with the use of daylight lamps is electrical circuit Turning on the right and starter.

Instantly determine the cause of the malfunction is quite difficult, however, there are characteristic visual effects that allow to allocate among the reasons that caused a defect defect with a defective choke.

To such visual effects relate:

1. "Fire Snake", curly.Its appearance indicates that the current in the lamp exceeds the permissible value, as a result, the electrical discharge became unstable. If when checking the volt-ampere characteristics of the lamp, the inconsistencies are revealed by the specified parameters, the choke should be changed.
2. Damage the flasks in the zone of the output contacts. If the flask darkened in the zone of the base, then the lamp will soon fail. The main reason for this phenomenon is the inconsistency of the values \u200b\u200bof the starting and operating current of the Volt-ampere characteristic. This is most often associated with the malfunction of the right.
3. Dropped spirals. Most often, the spirals in the daylight lamp burn out due to the strong worn out of the isolation of the Empra winding.
4. The smell of Gary or the appearance of foreign sounds. It is possible an emergency closure in an inductance coil.
5. The lamp does not turn on. The reason may also be a faulty right in which the wire breaks in the winding. True, this type of malfunction is rare.

The throttle check is best carried out with the help of a control, obviously serviceable lamp. To do this, you need two wires that come from it to connect with the cease of the check lamp and include this design into the electrical network. If a fluorescent lamp Fights in full force, it means the choke is correct.

Repairs

It is recommended to carry out independent repairs to specialists who have some experience in the implementation of plumbing and electrical installation work. In addition, it is necessary measuring instruments and knowledge of basic safety regulations.

Getting Started or repairing a throttle, you need to turn off the lamp from the power supply. A simple shutdown of it with a switch does not save it from the presence of a voltage on the lamp.

Only after that you can proceed to dismantling the right and installation in its place new. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully monitor in the same order in which they were previously connected.

IMPORTANT: Connection schemes specific models Applied on their buildings. There also indicate the operating voltage and electrical resistance of the inductance winding.

Using a multimeter

At a certain stage of repair work,.

With it, you can determine:

1. The integrity of the coil winding Inductance and its electrical resistance.
2. The presence of inter-touch closure.
3. Availability of cliff In the winding of the inductance coil.

However, the repair of the winding of the inductance coil is not a simple and also requires certain skills. Therefore, if necessary, carrying out such works to better entrust to those skilled in the art.

Choosing a new paragraph:

1. It is necessary to pay special attention to the manufacturer's brand. As a rule, the purchase of a cheap product of an unknown manufacturer guarantees low quality manufacturing. Reliable Prame must ensure reliable operation for at least 3 years.
2. On the market can be accidentally acquired a defective product. Therefore, if it allows the budget, it is better to purchase several pieces and agree with the seller about the subsequent return of the remaining.
3. It is better to consult with people who have a certain experience With luminescent lighting devices.

Currently, electronic rights, despite the relatively high price, are becoming increasingly popular.

After all, their use allows:

1. Increase the life of daylight lamps By applying gentle launch modes and further functioning. In addition, there is no frequently broken starter in the connection scheme.
2. Fully get rid of noise and "blink" During operation.
3. Get up to 20% save electricity.