Powerful charger for the car. Pulse charger - breakthrough in the field of instruments of this purpose Pulse charging diagram on the chip 2153

An example of a pulse charger for car battery

Many car owners are familiar with the picture when they, sitting behind the steering wheel, find that the battery charge is missing to start the engine. In such a situation, you will have to think about charging the automotive battery. Therefore, you always need to have a charger (memory) for a car battery. Then you can in such a situation, to recharge the battery and start the motor. If you still do not charge, then it's time to take her choice. In this article we will talk about pulsed chargers for a car battery. Consider what they differ from other memory and give several examples of such devices with schemes.

Basically, the memory is divided by their appointment to 3 large groups:

  • chargers;
  • commissioning;
  • launchers.

Chargers, as it is clear from the name, charge the car battery. Starting models are used when you want to run the motor. And the models of the commissioning group are able to charge the battery and let the engine. By itself, that the memory requires connection to electrical network. Moreover, start-up and start-charging models must be connected to the network at the time of engine start. Although there is I. portable chargingwhich have their batteries inside, and carry out the engine starts due to their energy. Such portable charging is convenient to take with you on the road.



If you have a garage with the suspension of electricity, it makes sense to buy a commissioning device. In this case, if necessary, you can run the motor with an accumulated battery. And if the memory is used only for charging the battery, then take a simple model without unnecessary options.

By design, charging devices are divided into impulse and transformer. As part of transformer models there is a rectifier (diode bridge) and a lowering transformer. Inverter operates in the invertor charging design and protection against short circuit is provided. The transformer-based models have large sizes. It is recommended to choose pulse charges as more modern, compact and lungs. They cost a little more transformer.

Example of a pulsed memory for a car battery

Further, the scheme and the principle of operation of the pulsed memory from the book "Chargers", the authors of Khodasevich A. G. and Khodasevich T. I. This is a charger before carrying out charging, discharges the battery to a voltage of 10.5 volts. This uses the current C / 20. C - battery capacity. After that, the voltage on the battery rises to 14.2─14.5 volts using the charging and discharge cycle. In this case, the ratio of the value of charge and discharge currents is 10 K 1. The ratio of charge and discharge time is 3 K 1. The following can be viewed the main characteristics of the charger:



Figure below shows schematic scheme Pulsed memory.

Modes of operation:

  • The SA3 switch is set to the "charge" position. When the SA1 network button is turned on, the device works like normal charging with adjustable current. The discharge is not performed;
  • The SA2 switch is set to the "Desulfation" position. In this mode, the discharge-discharge of the battery. If the SB1 button is pressed, then the battery is charged 2.5 amp to the voltage of 10.5 volts. After that, the battery is charged to a voltage of 14.2─14.5 volts. At the end of the process, the memory is automatically turned off. If the SA3 switch is in the "multiple" position, this process is repeated until the user is interrupted. Used to restore the rechargeable battery.

How does the device work? On the network filter C1, C2, C3, L1 The voltage of 220 volts from the household power grid is supplied. The role of the filter is the delay of interference from the mains. Next, the voltage is equalized on diodes VD1, VD2, VD3, VD4 and smoothing with the C5 capacitor. The role of the R3 resistor is to limit the C5 condenser charging. U1 is an optron that is responsible for controlling the voltage in the network. When there are no voltages, the DD2.3 element is blocked and the battery charging mode is turned off.

When the battery is connected, the DA1 comparator comes to the "1" position and the VT5 transistor opens. In such a position, the HL2 LED lights up, signing on the inclusion of the "charge" mode. From the collector VT5 voltage enters DD1.3 (9 output) and DD1.4 (13 output). As a result, the low-frequency generator is unlocked. In this case, the diet of pulses is regulated by R4 resistors (discharge) and R6 (charge). The pulse frequency determines the capacitor capacitor C2.

When the charge on the output "10" DD1.3 is set to 1, which leads to the opening of the VT1 transistor and blocking the upper threshold of the DA1 comparator at 14.2 volts. This is explained by the fact that the comparison of the voltage on the battery with the upper threshold is performed in the discharge mode. It is so prevented by the execution of a comparator at the moment when the battery is not yet charged. The voltage converter is started through the VT2 transistor and U2 optocoupled through high level DD1.3.


When the discharge occurs, the "10" output of DD1.3 is blocked by the converter and on "11" output DD1.3 is set 1. The keys are triggered on VT3 and VT4. The result is the discharge of the battery with the HL1 light bulb. So that it does not overcome, the light bulb is calculated with a double voltage reserve.

When the SB1 Start button is pressed, the DA1 comparator goes to the "0" position. As a result, the VT5 transistor is closed and the generator is blocked on DD1 and the voltage converter. On "3" output DD2.1, D2.2 appears 1. If network voltage Fixed, then at the inputs DD2.3 is set 1. At the output of DD2.4, the transistors VT7, VT8 are triggered and the HL4 LED lights up, which shows the "discharge". In this mode, the discharge current is set via the HL3 light bulb. Lamp voltage 12 volts, 30 watt power.

The discharge goes to a voltage on the battery to 10.5 volts until the comparator R20, R21, DA1 is activated. After that, at the output of the DA1, 1 is again installed and the charge cycle begins. When the battery voltage comes to 14.2 volts, the comparator R11, R14, DA1 is triggered. In the case when the SA3 switch was set to the "once" position, the HL2 LED will go out and the device will interrupt the charge. If SA3 was installed in "Multiple", a new cycle will be launched and a discharge will begin.

C6, C7 condensers protect the chain from interference and delay the operation of the comparators when switching from one mode to another. The DA3 stabilizer protects the chips with a short-term disappearance of the contact on the outputs of the battery, since in the idle mode, the voltage at the output of the converter jumps up to 25 volts.

Developers of the device say that the initial adjustment of the threshold comparators may be required. To perform this, turning off the HL1, HL3 light bulbs to reduce the load. Then to the adjustable power supply unit is connected x1 and x2 terminals. The power supply voltage is set to 10.5 volts and adjusting the R21 resistor ensures that the HL2 is turned on. After that, the voltage of 14.2 volts and the R11 resistor achieves the inclusion of HL2. After this adjustment, light bulbs are connected and ready to work.

Now a little about the components of this pulse charger. The transformer is used homemade on the basis of chokes of the TV TEVTCT, which is responsible for the lower case. The transformer has the following winding:

  • Winding I and II are wound in two wires, and III - seven;
  • In the I winding of 91, the coil (PEV-2 wire, diameter of 0.5 millimeters);
  • II winding has 4 turns of a similar wire;
  • In III winding 9 turns of the wire PEV-2 (diameter of 0.6 millimeters).


In the manual, it is noted that the winding should be neat without twisted. Rows of windings need to be laid by condenser paper. If there is not enough wires to fill the row, the turns are distributed evenly. The same is true for the secondary winding. Do not forget to mark the beginning and end of the winding.

When assembling the transformer in the core, the gap is 1.3 millimeters using cardboard pads. In the role of Shunta, the nichrome is a thickness of 0.2 millimeters and the resistance of 0.1 ohms. Resistors R11 and R21 are multi-turn (type SP5-2). The R27 resistor refers to the type of SP3-4AM.

VD13 and VD14 diodes refer to the type of CD213A (b). The authors of the scheme are recommended to replace them with diodes Schottky type KD2997A and CD2999A. VD12 diode is designed for current 2─3 ampere (30 kHz) and voltage 600─800 volts. Opro, U1 and U2 refer to the AUT127 type. The insulation voltage should have at least 500 volts.

It is reported that KT315 can be replaced by any KT312 and CT3102 designed for 30 volts. VT3 refers to the type KT801 A (b). VT7 is the type KT819 A (B, B). Capacitors in the Scheme:

  • C2 is allowed to replace with electrolytic;
  • C1, C19, C22 - type K78-2;
  • C3, C4 - type K15-5, voltage of at least 600 V;
  • C5 - Capacity 220 μF, 400 V. or two 100 μF, 400 volts (type K50-32);
  • The remaining capacitors in the scheme belong to the type K50-35.

In order to reduce the size and weight of the memory, the authors of the scheme offer to implement a cooling scheme with a small fan M1. The scheme is shown below.



The fan will blow up the heating details. You can also install small radiators for parts VD13 and VD14. It is proposed to make them duralumin by dimensions of 5 to 80 to 65 millimeters. For VT1, the scheme developers are offered to make a duralumin radiator 22 by 15 to 30 millimeters with ribs.

The PA1 current indicator is also proposed as possible refinement. This is an ammeter with a measurement limit 10 ─ 0 ─ 10 amp. That is, charging and discharge current. The authors offer to use the M4761 device, which was previously used in tape recorders. The arrow on it is proposed to shift in the middle of the scale so that the charge and discharge current is visible.

And you can also use the indicator showing the current on the LEDs with an interval of 0.5 amp. The diagram of this device is shown below.

Polarity converter and amplitude amplifier are made based on DA1 and DA2. The indicator is assembled on the basis of DA3. It is noted that for this indicator you need to make an additional power converter based on DA1 and DA2 (voltage from - 15 to + 15 volts).

On the Internet and books you can find a large number of pulse chargers for a car battery. But it is impossible to cover them within one article.


If the article turned out to be useful for you, spread the reference to the material in social networks. This will help the development of the site. Vote in a survey below and evaluate the material! Fix and additions to the article Leave in the comments.


Winter came, it's time to think about the charger, for a car battery. You can make a charger according to the classic scheme, with a regulator on thyristors, but the dimensions and weight of such a charger are very high. You can go and buy a charger as I made my comrade Thanks to him, I have a great factory body)))) - he bought charging on the market, I tried to charge the battery, but he did not charge as it did, he came to me how to scream it disassembled laughing and he presented it))), in short inside the trans watt at 80, the diode bridge and fuse, the trance gives out 11 volts, as you understand the charge it in principle cannot! And I decided to make a pulse charging in this case, why the impulse? But because the modern element base allows you to significantly simplify the scheme without losing reliability.

The principle of operation is the next, connect the battery, set the desired charging current (10% of the total battery capacity is recommended, for the battery 55 A / h current is needed 5.5 A) and go to do your affairs when the battery boasts the yellow LED, the battery is fully charged, this charger He has protection against short circuit and surveillance, which will significantly extend his life))).

This charger is assembled on an inexpensive UC3845 chip, according to the standard inclusion scheme, the microcircuit controls the powerful field transistor of which the pulse transformer serves as a power transformer. Almost all radio elements can be kept from computer power supplies, including a transformer, though it will have to rewind, I went to the rewind of an hour with smokers, the charm of the pulse books is that it is for a couple of dozen turns.
Here is the actual power supply scheme.


There are 2 versions of printed circuit boards under this power supply, the main difference in them, in the size of transformers. Choose under the ones you have.
Cards are somewhat diverted with the scheme at the rates, and the current regulator has been added on the boards, thanks to which the current can be adjusted from 1 to 7.5 amps, all items on printed boards Signed, when assembling the scheme may not come in handy.



While you did not disarm the desire to repeat it, here are my photo process of winding the worst - pulse transformer, winding on ferrite from a computer power supply.

From the beginning, the first half of the primary winding is winding, I wind up 26 turns with a wire of 0.6-0.7 mm.

Then the insulation layer can be a paper tape in 2 layers, and as described

Next, we wind up the power winding of the UC3845 6 of the turns of the turns of 0.3-0.4 mm.

Again we wind insulation and the second half of the primary again 26 turns with a wire of 0.6-0.7 mm ..

Pretty isolation

We wind the secondary, pay attention to the winding direction and to what conclusions are soldered the windings !!!
6 turns in 3 wires with a diameter of 0.8 mm.

The last layer of isolation and everything is ready.


Do not rush to glue the core for proper work Schemes, the inductance of the primary winding should be 370 μH. I had to put gaskets from cardboard with a thickness of about 1mm. Between the halves of the core. Measure and fit inductance must necessarily !!!
All setting down to the selection of 2 resistors specified in the diagram. To the account of radiators on the transistors, on IRFZ44 there is enough small, it is advisable to put more on the weekend diodes, they are most hot, I just didn't put the radiator on the Sõlovy Transistor, I don't need a radiator yet big sizeSince when working the diagram is blown by the fan, the heating is not significant ... I put a pool to a bit more powerful IRFP22N50A, well, respectively, I have a charge current up to 10 amps and more (you need a high-quality blowing of the board). It is impossible to leave the truth to leave for a long time, I have a mask radiator on the weekend diode, and I will not cut it with his hand with such a current, but after replacing the radiator I think everything will be super ...
PS. I already dawn the charger - the charge battery 190 a / h, put the current as it seemed to me 9.99a but did not take into account that the ammeter simply does not show no more))) In general, the current there was far in 10 A - burned 3 resistor diode 4148 burned power transistor, after replacing everything works further as it should be added, the radiator on the power transistor has added and set the cooler 120 mm. Now the cooling has improved problems with the charge no)))) To power the digital ampervoltmeter and the kuller put a small transformer to the body at the output of 12 volts of the change Kuller Patient About Charging Converter, then with low current he has very little turns
Here is a photo of what I did, the battery temporarily feeds a voltammermeter, I will remove it but then)))

Recently, the order was asked to make a high-voltage generator. Now some will ask themselves - what does a high-voltage generator relate to the charger? I must note that one of the most simple impulse chargers can be built on the basis of the diagram and as a visual demonstration, I decided to collect

inverter on the layout and explore all the main advantages and disadvantages of this inverter.

Auto electrician. Powerful Pulse Charger for AKB.

Earlier, I already posted an article about a charger based on a half-lit-up inverter on the IR2153 driver, in this article the same driver, only a little different schematics, without using the semi-cost containers, as there were many questions with them and many asked the scheme without capacitors.

But without capacitors, it was not necessary, it is necessary for smoothing the interference and shots after the network rectifier, the capacity I picked up 220 μF, but it can be less - from 47 μF, the voltage is 450 volts in my case, but it can be limited to 330-400 volts.



The diode bridge can be collected from any rectifier diodes with a current of at least 2a (preferably around 4-6a or more) and with a reverse voltage of at least 400 volts, in my case a ready-made diode bridge from a computer power supply unit, a reverse voltage of 600 volts with Toka 6 amp - what you need!


Let me remind you that this is the easiest option of connecting the chip and the simplest UPS from the 220 volt network, which may exist at all if you want a durable charger, then the scheme will have to be finalized.

To ensure the desired microcircuit power parameters, a 45-55-hour resistor with a power of 2 watts, if any, can be connected sequentially 2-3 resistors, the ultimate resistivity of which will be in the limit of the specified one.


The diode from the 1st to the 8th leg of the chip should be with a current of at least 1 A and with a reverse voltage not lower than 300 volts, in my case a quick diode was used for 1000 volts 3 amps, but it is not critical, you can use HER107 diodes , HER207, HER307, FR207 (on the extreme), UF4007, etc.

Field transistors are needed high-voltage, type IRF840 or IRF740. The transformer was taken ready, from a computer power supply. At the inlet of the power there are two film capacitor before and after the throttle, the choke is ready, it has two identical windings (independent of each other) each of the 15 turns of the wire 0.7mm.


The thermistor, fuse, the input resistor - here only to protect the scheme from sharp voltage shots, I do not advise you to remove them, but the scheme and without them perfectly works. The output voltage is straightened with a powerful dual diode, which can also be found in computer block Nutrition.

On the outputs of the transformer, different voltage (3.3 / 5/12 volt) is formed. The 12 volt bus is very easy to find, usually two outputs from one edge, the desired winding is easy to find, if you use a halogen lamp by 12 volts, judging by the luminescence we can conclude a voltage.

The finished block can be supplemented with a power regulator and protection against overload and short circuit and get a full-fledged charger for a car battery, remind you that the current from the bus 12 volt comes to 8-12 amps depends on the specific type of transformer.