Everything interesting and useful for a novice computer user. Windows Vista hotkeys. Disable visual effects
Windows OS settings can be roughly divided into two types:
1. Customization of the interface and elements of the Control Panel - any user can make them.
2. Changes through hidden configuration programs (Regedit and Msconfig) and "fine-tuning" performed using special programs(utilities) that allow you to change the settings of the system itself - to get a positive effect when making such settings, you must have the appropriate knowledge and skills.
Windows interface customization includes the following settings:
setting screen parameters: resolution, color quality (color mode), screen refresh rate, image scale;
customize the desktop: create folders and shortcuts, enable / disable the display of icons system folders and their appearance, clearing the table from unused elements, displaying the specified web page on the table;
customization of appearance: choice of color, background image of the Desktop, screen theme, interface style and splash screen;
customizing the Taskbar and Start menu;
setting up a "closed" folder (icon, type, picture) and setting up a folder window.
These settings are made by changing the corresponding properties of the objects.
Control Panel- a kind of "control center" of the operating system, with which you can change various parameters of Windows. Elements of the Control Panel are the main tool for making various settings.
Elements of the Control Panel can be presented in the window in two forms:
2. Classic look(how in previous versions Windows) - all items in one window and each item is indicated by a separate icon. If you set the display type "table", then a comment will be displayed for each element (Fig. 3.5).
Rice. 3.5. Classic View of the Control Panel
Using the elements of the Control Panel, you can configure: system date and time; language and regional standards; Internet connections and local network parameters; sounds; speech; fonts; assigned tasks (task scheduler); various devices(keyboard, modem, printers and faxes, scanners and cameras, mouse); energy saving functions of the monitor; user accounts, etc. Using the appropriate elements, you can install and remove programs and Windows components; run the Add Hardware Wizard, which will check the system for unrecognized devices or components; open the "Device Manager" window to check the correct operation of devices and update drivers, etc.
3.4 Service programs
Service programs expand the capabilities of the OS for system maintenance and provide the user experience. This category includes maintenance systems, OS software shells, and utility programs (utility programs).
Maintenance systems is a set of software and hardware tools that perform control, testing and diagnostics and are used to check the functioning of computer devices and detect malfunctions during its operation. They are the tool of the maintenance and service technician technical means computer.
Operating system software shells- These are programs that allow the user to perform actions to manage computer resources by means other than those provided by the OS (more understandable and efficient).
Utility programs (utility programs) are programs that are used to perform auxiliary data processing operations when servicing computers (diagnostics, testing hardware and software tools, optimization of the use of disk space, restoration of information destroyed on a magnetic disk, protection from computer viruses, etc.).
The utilities can be distributed in three ways:
1. Delivered to the market as standalone programs;
2. Be a part of multifunctional packages of service utilities;
3. Be a part of the operating system (in the form utilities am).
An example of a service package is the package Norton Utilities for Windows(Symantec), containing a set of programs that implement many important and useful functions that are difficult or even impossible to implement using the native OS.
Here are some of the utilities of this kit that you most often have to deal with in practice:
Norton Utilities Integrator- combines all programs from Norton Utilities, breaking them into "thematic groups";
Norton WinDoctor- optimizes the Register (database of Windows parameters), controls the correctness of all program shortcuts available in Windows and the correspondence of file extensions to viewing and editing programs;
Norton Disk Doctor- checks the hard disk for physical damage to the magnetic layer, monitors and repairs various damage file system;
Norton Connection Doctor- checks the modem installed in the computer and tests Internet connections;
Norton Unerase Wizard- recovers deleted files;
Norton Speed Disk- performs disk defragmentation;
Norton Optimize Wizard- optimizes the size of the Register, removing "empty" and unnecessary records from it;
Norton Spase Wizard- performs disk cleaning;
Norton System Doctor- checks the disk for viruses and errors, determines whether defragmentation is needed, etc., and also scans Norton Utilities if an update is needed;
Norton Rescue Disk- allows you to create a system boot floppy disk with all the necessary system files and utilities to restore the system in case of failure.
Norton Wipeinfo- deletes files without the possibility of their recovery;
Norton Recyle Bin- creates an improved Protected Recycle Bin for Windows;
Norton System Information- provides complete information about the computer;
Windows XP includes a number of utilities, such as the following.
Disk Cleanup- Cleans up hard disk space. It checks the disk and displays a list of temporary files, files from the Internet "cache", as well as unnecessary program files, the deletion of which will not lead to negative consequences. You can choose to delete some or all of these files.
Disk checker- Checks the hard drive for file system errors and bad sectors on the hard drive.
Filesystem errors- This is damage to the file structure and system area of disks (boot record and file allocation table), which can occur due to improper shutdown of Windows or application programs, sudden power outage of the computer, actions of computer viruses, etc. These errors include: cross-references (the same cluster appears in the chains of clusters of several files); lost clusters (clusters that are not marked as free, but at the same time are not occupied by any file), errors in file names, etc. If you set the appropriate option, the disk checker fixes such errors.
Damage to sectors on the hard disk is associated with mechanical damage to the disc surface, her low quality or aging of the magnetic coating. These defects can be caused by the influence of magnetic fields, leading to a violation of the structure of information recording on the disc. When bad sectors are detected, the corresponding clusters are declared defective (marked), and thus their use is blocked.
If the Windows session was terminated incorrectly or abnormally (power is off), then the next time you turn on the computer, the disk check program is called automatically.
Disk Defragmenter- performs analysis of local drives, followed by search and merging of fragmented files and folders. After defragmentation, each file and folder occupies a single contiguous space, and as a result, access to them is more efficient. By consolidating separate portions of files and folders, the defragmentation program also consolidates free disk space into a single whole, making fragmentation of new files less likely.
Archiving program- creates an exact copy of the content hard disk(archive on external media) at a certain point in time.
System recovery program- allows you to restore the system at the time of the creation of the restore point - the saved state of the computer. Restore points are created automatically by the system itself as control points and upon the occurrence of certain events (installation of programs, system updates, etc.), or manually by the user.
System Restore keeps your personal files safe without restoring files in your My Documents folder. In addition, this program does not recover data files with commonly used extensions (.doc, .xls, etc.). If the program was installed after the restore point was created, the program will be removed during the restore process, and the data files created by the program remain. All successful restore operations are reversible and can be undone. All unsuccessful update operations are automatically canceled by the program itself.
The number of restore points saved depends on how actively you use your computer, the size of your hard disk (or the size of the partition containing the Windows XP directory), and the amount of hard disk space that System Restore has allocated for storing information.
table of symbols- allows you to enter into documents special characters that are not on the keyboard (for example, a paragraph mark, a trademark mark, mathematical symbols, etc.), or symbols from a set of other languages.
Scheduled tasks- launches the Task Scheduling Wizard to schedule the automatic execution of tasks on the computer.
Files and Settings Transfer Wizard- organizes the transfer of Windows system folders over the local network to another computer while maintaining all settings and parameters.
Command line- a shell in which Windows emulates the MS-DOS environment.
Date __________________ class __________________
the topic "Operating system. Installing and configuring system parameters"
Lesson type : explanation of new material with implementation practical work;
Goals :
Educational:
to acquaint students with the basic concepts of this topic, talk about some of the existing operating systems (Windows, Linux, Mac OS).
Educational
:
develop students' desire for active cognitive activity; develop the ability to work independently and develop research skills.
Developing:
bring up information culture students.
Methods: verbal (story), visual, dialogical, independent work.
Basic concepts:
Equipment: computer class, interactive whiteboard, projector, presentation
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
Greetings from the class, monitoring absentees, explaining the lesson plan.
II. Knowledge update
In the last lesson, we found out what software is. Today, before continuing to study this topic, we will repeat the material of the previous lesson. And we will do it with a little testing.
Please take your seats at the computers, on the desktops there is a file "Test on the Software" topic.
Run this file and answer the suggested questions. You are given 3 minutes to complete this work, and then we will continue.
III. The theoretical material of the lesson.
Today we will get acquainted with the concept ofoperating system .
Underoperating system usually understand a complex of control and processing programs, which, on the one hand, acts as an interface between the computer hardware and the user, and the other purpose - for more efficient use of the resources of the computing system and the organization of reliable computing.
It can be seen that not one of the software components, with the exception of the operating system itself, does not have direct access to the computer hardware. Even the user interacts with their programs through the interface. Any of their commands, before getting into application programs, pass through the operating systems.
The operating system is the program that controls the work user program and application systems and the role played by the interface between applications and computer hardware.
The purpose of the OS can be divided into three main components:
Convenience: the operating system makes using the computer simple and convenient;
efficiency: the operating system allows efficient use of the resources of the computer system;
development opportunity: the operating system must allow the development of testing new applications and system functions without disrupting the normal functioning of the computing system.
OS functions:
– provides data exchange withexternal devices
– supportsfile system (working with files and folders):
FAT32 - starting with Windows 95 OSR2, partition up to 2 TB
NTFS - Windows NT / 2000 / XP / 2003, partition up to 2 TB
● access rights for users
● quotas for the volume of the directory
CDFS - CD File System
– provideslaunch and execution other programs
– testing computer, error handling
– resource allocation (processor, memory, external devices)
Any OS has at least 3 components:
Core,
Drivers,
Interface.
Operating system kernel (Kernel) - part of the operating system:
permanently located in RAM;
managing the entire operating system;
containing: device drivers, memory management routines, task scheduler;
implementing system calls, etc.
All operations related to processes are performed under the control of that part of the operating system called the kernel. The kernel is only a small part of the operating system code as a whole, but it is one of the most heavily used components of the system. For this reason, the kernel is usually resident in main memory, while other parts of the operating system are moved to and from external memory as needed.
Driver Is a computer program with which another program (usually an operating system) gains access to the hardware on a device. In general, a driver is required to use any device (both external and internal). But usually operating systems come with drivers for key components. hardware, without which the system will not be able to work. However, some devices (such as a graphics card or printer) may require special drivers, usually provided by the device manufacturer.
User interface (UI - English user interface) - a kind of interfaces in which one side is represented by a person (user), the other - by a machine / device. It is a collection of tools and methods by which the user interacts with various, most often complex, with many elements, machines and devices. The interface is bi-directional - the device, having received commands from the user and executing them, issues information back using the means available to it (visual, sound, etc.), having accepted which, the user issues the subsequent commands to the device by means of sensors, voice, etc.).
Most often, the term is used in relation to computer programs(applications). But in general, the user interface means any system of interaction with devices capable of interactive interaction with the user.
To simplify the user's work, modern operating systems include software modules that creategraphical user interface ... In a GUI operating system, commands can be entered using the mouse, while in a command line operating system, commands can be entered directly from the keyboard.
The OS also contains service programs or utilities - programs for servicing disks (defragmentation, checking, compression, etc.), programs for working with files (archiving, for example), working in computer networks etc.
For the convenience of the user, a help system is usually provided in the operating system. It is designed to quickly receive necessary information about the functioning of both the operating system as a whole and about the work of its individual modules.
A bit of history….
Personal computers without OS.
The first PCs did not have an OS and were similar to game consoles: when the computer was connected to the network, the processor accessed the ROM, in which the program was written to support a simple programming language. By connecting the tape recorder to the computer, it was possible to download an extraneous program. The loaded program turned off the ROM, and then the computer was running under the control of the loaded program (as in game consoles).
The first disk operating systems.
A serious need for operating systems arose when floppy drives began to be connected to personal computers. A disk drive differs from a tape recorder in that it is a free access device, and a tape recorder is a sequential access device.
Any program can be loaded from the magnetic disk. Therefore, the download commands have become very complex. It was necessary to indicate the number of the track and the number of the sector in which the item to be loaded is located.
The way out was found. A program was written that translates the names of programs and files into track and sector numbers. A person could download what he needed using only the names. This program became the disk operating system.
Non-graphical operating systems.
In the future, operating systems have evolved in parallel with hardware. Then disk operating systems became more complex. They introduced tools for partitioning disks into directories and tools for directory maintenance (transfer and copying files between directories, sorting files, etc.). This is how the file structure appeared on the disks, and the operating system took over its creation and maintenance.
For computers IBM PC, the main operating system from 1981 to 1995 was the so-called MS-DOS system. Over the years, it has undergone development from MS-DOS 1.0 to MS-DOS 6.22.
Shell programs.
The MS-DOS operating system made it possible to successfully work with personal computers for almost 15 years. However, this job is not comfortable. First, MS-DOS is a non-graphical operating system that uses an interface command line.
So the need for a new intermediary arose - then the so-called shell programs appeared. A shell is a program that runs under an operating system and helps a person to work with that operating system. One of the most famous and widespread shell programs in the world is called Norton Comander. It was developed by the famous American programmer Peter Norton, who has received worldwide recognition for making it easier for millions of people to work with computers. The shell program visually displays on the screen the entire file structure of the computer: disks, directories and files. With such a program, you do not need to type complex MS-DOS commands in the command line.
Microsoft began work on a graphical operating system for IBM PC back in 1981, but such a system was first released only in 1995 under the name Microsoft Windows 95. DOS, but several graphics were made for it. Windows shells 1.0, Windows 2.0, Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1, Windows 3.11.
Graphic operating systems
Released in September 1995, Windows 95 was the first graphics operating system for IBM PCs.
All following versions of Windows operating systems (98, NT, ME, 2000, XP) are graphical.
Today in the software market for IBM PC-compatible computers, several families of operating systems coexist, but the operating Windows systems are the most common among users.
Alternative OS
The word UNIX denotes not one operating system, but a whole family of OS. UNIX was created primarily for professionals, and therefore has never contained any "gimmicks" such as convenient graphical interface... The important thing was different - compatibility, portability, customization and, most importantly, stability.
Until the mid-90s. The “interests” of the creators of Windows and UNIX lay on different planes: numerous variants of UNIX served “large” computers and servers, and Windows worked on “personal computers”. And these operating systems developed in completely different directions. Suddenly ... Yes, yes, just suddenly, and for no apparent reason, both families of operating systems simultaneously began to look at each other's possessions. The moment when two giants, puffing and awkwardly waddling, moved towards each other, it is not difficult to guess - 1993 ... It was in this year that Microsoft first decided to encroach on the "server" market, releasing the first version of Windows NT, and "yesterday's student" Linus Torvalds has created a "home" free operating theater Linux system... Skrob Mikhail will tell us about this operating system.
Another OS is Mac OS. Vladimir Linnikov will tell us about it.
(We listen to the reports of the students, accompanied by the presentation of presentations).
Demonstration of the Linux and Mac OS X interface.
IV. Practical assignment.
Now let's consolidate what we've learned. Move, please, behind computers.
On the desktop, the file “Test Operating System”. The work takes 8 minutes to complete. Get started.
V. Summing up the lesson:
Today we have found out what the OS is. What are its purpose and composition. We got acquainted with various operating systems. In the next lesson, we will take a closer look at the OS boot process.
Thank you for the lesson. Goodbye.
Despite the fact that Microsoft marketers are tearing their hair out on their priests, assuring users that their next new operating system is simply super-duper and does not have a single flaw or jamb and absolutely does not require absolutely any additional customization, few people believe them.
Moreover, practice shows that Windows operating systems are like Russian cars: in order to drive it normally and not to break down for a long time, you still need to tinker!
Let's not remember the shoals of Windows 95, 98, Me, XP, Vista - they are already in the past, let's look at the "tuning" for the operating system Windows 7. So, a few tips:
1. How to increase the loading speed of the operating system Windows 7 for multi-core processors
1. Open the dialog menu Start -> Run(or press the key combination Win + R);
2. Enter the command in the line msconfig and press OK;;
4. Press Extra options;
5. Check the box next to the value Number of processors;
6. Select the number of cores of your processor from the activated drop-down menu (Default is 1);
7. It is not recommended to set a value less than the real number of cores of your processor, since the system can continue to use the number of cores you specified after the download is complete;
8. Click OK and restart your computer;
9. It is recommended to enable (set to Enabled) in the BIOS, the ACPI APIC Support function (entering the BIOS is usually done by pressing the Delete key, immediately after the computer starts booting). This function located in the Power tab.
2. Boot up Windows 7 - Automatic login:
If you want to speed up the boot process of Windows 7, then you can set up automatic login. This feature is designed for those situations when one person uses the computer. By setting up automatic login, you will not need to enter a password every time your operating system boots.
To configure automatic login to Windows 7, you need to do the following:
1. Press Win + R on the keyboard (or the Run item in the Start menu);
2. In the window that appears, enter control userpasswords2 and press Input;
3. In the window User Accounts on the bookmark Users highlight your account and uncheck the " Users must enter a user name and password to use this computer";
4. Press Apply;
5. In the window that opens Automatically Log On there will be three fields - User name, Password and Confirm Password;
6. Enter your password in the fields Password and Confirm Password;
After rebooting the system, you will no longer need to enter your password, and you will be logged into Windows automatically;
P.S. Sometimes a side effect of this setting is possible: after rebooting, the panel quick launch - "Quick launch"is not saved - after restart it is not.
3. Unlock 5 additional themes for Windows 7:
1. Go to the folder % windir% \ Globalization \ MCT. Attention! This folder is hidden by default, you must enable the display of hidden folders!
2. Sequentially click on each topic:
% windir% \ Globalization \ MCT \ MCT-AU \ Theme \ AU.theme
% windir% \ Globalization \ MCT \ MCT-CA \ Theme \ CA.theme
% windir% \ Globalization \ MCT \ MCT-G B \ Theme \ GB.theme
% windir% \ Globalization \ MCT \ MCT-US \ Theme \ US.theme% windir% \ Globalization \ MCT \ MCT-ZA \ Theme \ ZA.theme
4. List of Windows programs launched in the Run dialog box:
The Run dialog box is used in Windows to open a program, folder, or document. It allows you to create a task to run with administrator rights. The most famous commands executed in the Run window are cmd (Command Prompt) and regedit (Registry Editor). Knowing the exact name of the command, you can run any system application or a Windows snap-in.
The Run dialog box is launched by either Start -> Run or by pressing the keyboard Win + R.
To execute the command, you need to enter its name and press Enter.
| Russian element name | English name of the element | Team |
| FTP protocol (command line) | Ftp-protocol (command prompt) | ftp |
| Iexpress Wizard (not translated) | Iexpress Wizard | iexpress |
| Internet Explorer | Internet Explorer | iexplore |
| Paint | Paint | mspaint |
| Windows Firewall | Windows firewall | firewall.cpl |
| Wordpad | Wordpad | write |
| ODBC Data Source Administrator | ODBC Data Source Administrator | odbcad32 |
| Administration | Administrative Tools | control admintools |
| Archiving and restoring | Backup and restore | sdclt |
| Notebook | Notepad | notepad |
| Turn Windows features on or off | OptionalFeatures.exe | |
| System Restore | System restore | rstrui |
| Log out | Log Out Of Windows | logoff |
| Date and time | Date and Time | timedate.cpl |
| Disk Defragmenter | Disk Defragmenter | dfrgui |
| Authorization manager | Authorization Manager | azman.msc |
| Windows task manager | Windows Task Manager | taskmgr |
| Driver Verifier Manager | Driver Verifier Manager | verifier |
| Device Manager | Device manager | devmgmt.msc |
| Device Manager | Device manager | hdwwiz.cpl |
| Additional hours | Additional Clocks | control timedate.cpl, 1 |
| Shutting down Windows | Shuts Down Windows | shutdown / s |
| Notes | Sticky note | StikyNot |
| Windows account database protection | Securing the Windows Account Database | syskey |
| Sound | Sound | mmsys.cpl |
| Sounds (sound scheme) | Sounds (sound theme) | control mmsys.cpl, 2 |
| Sound recording | Sound Recorder | soundrecorder |
| Gaming Devices | Game controllers | joy.cpl |
| Security Hardware Initialization for TPM | Initialize the TMP security hardware | TpmInit |
| Calibrating Screen Colors | Display Color Calibration | dccw |
| Calculator | Calculator | calc |
| Command line | Command Prompt | cmd |
| Windows components | Windows Features | OptionalFeatures |
| Management Console (MMC) | Microsoft Management Console | mmc |
| system configuration | System Configuration | msconfig |
| Local security policy | Local Security Policy | secpol.msc |
| Local users and groups | Local Users and Groups | lusrmgr.msc |
| Windows Image Download Wizard | Windows Picture Acquisition Wizard | wiaacmgr |
| Shared Resource Wizard | Create A Shared Folder Wizard | shrpubw |
| Device Driver Installation Wizard | Driver Package Installer | dpinst |
| Add Hardware Wizard | Add Hardware Wizard | hdwwiz |
| Volume mixer | Sound volume | sndvol |
| Resource Monitor | Resource Monitor | resmon |
| Configuring program access and defaults | Set Program Access and Computer Defaults | control appwiz.cpl, 3 |
| Configuring User Account Control | User Account Control Settings | UserAccountControlSettings |
| Scissors | Snipping tool | snippingtool |
| Shared folders | Shared Folders | fsmgmt.msc |
| Disk cleanup | Disk Cleanup Utility | cleanmgr |
| Control Panel | Control Panel | control |
| Fonts folder | Fonts Folder | fonts |
| Downloads folder | "Downloads" Folder | Downloads |
| Folders settings | Folder Options | control folders | Restart Windows | shutdown / r |
| Transferring printers | Printer Migration | PrintBrmUi |
| Pen and touch devices | Pen and touch | TabletPC.cpl |
| Personalization | Personalization | control desktop |
| Task Scheduler | Task sheduler | control schedtasks |
| Remote Desktop Connection | Remote Desktop Connection | mstsc |
| Receiving programs | Get Programs | control appwiz.cpl, 1 |
| Disk check | Check Disk Utility | chkdsk |
| Checking and restoring system files | System File Checker (Scan and Repair) | sfc / scannow |
| File Signature Verification | File Signature Verification | sigverif |
| Conductor | Windows Explorer | explorer |
| Explorer: C: \ | Windows Explorer: C: \ | \ |
| Explorer: C: \ Users \ Your_name | Windows Explorer: C: \ Users \ Your_name | . |
| Explorer: C: \ Users \ | Windows Explorer: C: \ Users \ | .. |
| DiskPart program | Disk Partition Manager | diskpart |
| Programs and Features | Programs and Features | appwiz.cpl |
| View events | Event Viewer | eventvwr.msc |
| Screen resolution | Screen Resolution | desk.cpl |
| Personal badge editor | Private character editor | eudcedit |
| Local Group Policy Editor | Local Group Policy Editor | gpedit.msc |
| Registry editor | Registry Editor | regedit |
| Registry editor | Registry Editor | regedt32 |
| Editor cover pages faxes | Fax Cover Sheet Editor | fxscover |
| Resultant set of policies | Resultant Set of Policy | rsop.msc |
| System information | System Information | msinfo32 |
| System properties | System Properties | sysdm.cpl |
| System Properties: Advanced | System Properties: Advanced | SystemPropertiesAdvanced |
| System Properties: System Protection | System Properties: System Protection | SystemPropertiesProtection |
| System Properties: Hardware | System Properties: Hardware | SystemPropertiesHardware |
| System Properties: Remote Access | System Properties: Remote | SystemPropertiesRemote |
| Properties: iSCSI Initiator | iSCSI Initiator Properties | iscsicpl |
| Properties: Internet | Internet Properties | inetcpl.cpl |
| Properties: Keyboard | Keyboard Properties | control keyboard |
| Properties: Mouse | Mouse Properties | control mouse |
| Properties: Mouse | Mouse Properties | main.cpl |
| Properties: Mouse: Pointer Options | Mouse Properties: Pointer Options | control main.cpl, 2 |
| Properties: Mouse: Pointers (schematic) | Mouse Properties: Pointers | control main.cpl, 1 |
| Certificates | Sertificates | certmgr.msc |
| Network connections | Network Connections | control netconnections |
| Network connections | Network Connections | ncpa.cpl |
| System monitor | Performance Monitor | perfmon |
| Indexing Service | Indexing Service | ciadv.msc |
| Component services | Component Services | dcomcnfg |
| Component services | Component Services | comexp.msc |
| Program compatibility | Program Compatibility | msdt.exe -id PCWDiagnostic |
| Create a system recovery disc | Create a system repair disk | recdisc |
| Neighboring users | People Near Me | collab.cpl |
| Save usernames and passwords | Stored User Names and Passwords | credwiz |
| DirectX Diagnostic Tool | Direct X Troubleshooter | dxdiag |
| Help Desk Diagnostic Tool | Microsoft Support Diagnostic Tool | msdt |
| Digitizer Calibration Tool | Ditilizer Calibration Tool | tabcal |
| ClearType Text Tuner | ClearType Text Tuner | cttune |
| XPS Viewer | XPS Viewer | xpsrchvw |
| Troubleshooting Action Recorder | Problem Steps Recorder | psr |
| table of symbols | Character map | charmap |
| Phone and modem | Phone and modem | telephon.cpl |
| Windows Remote Assistance | Windows Remote Assistance | msra |
| Disk management | Disk Management | diskmgmt.msc |
| Computer management | Computer Management | compmgmt.msc |
| Print management | Print Management | printmanagement.msc |
| Color management | Color Management | colorcpl |
| Installing or removing interface languages | Install or uninstall display languages | lpksetup |
| Devices and Printers | Devices and Printers | control printers |
| user accounts | User Accounts | Netplwiz |
| Window color and appearance | Window Color and Appearance | control color |
| Windows Mobility Center | Windows Mobility Center | mblctr |
| Support Center | Action Center | wscui.cpl |
| Synchronization Center | Sync Center | mobsync |
| Centre special features | Ease of Access Center | utilman |
| Encrypting File System (EFS) | Encryption File System | rekeywiz |
| Fonts (add or remove) | Fonts | control fonts |
| Screen (text size) | Display (size of text) | dpiscaling |
| Screen keyboard | On-Screen Keyboard | osk |
| Screen magnifier | Magnifier | magnify |
| Narrator | Microsoft Narrator | narrator |
| Power supply | Power options | powercfg.cpl |
| Power Supply: Advanced Options | Power Options: Advanced Settings | control powercfg.cpl, 1 |
| WMI control | Windows Management Infrastructure | wmimgmt.msc |
| language and regional standards | Region and Language | intl.cpl |
| Regional and Language Options: Optional | Region and Language: Administrative | control intl.cpl, 3 |
| Regional and Language Options: Languages and Keyboards | Region and Language: Keyboards and Languages | control intl.cpl, 2 |
If any of the list items does not start, then most likely this means that it is not installed. Many of Windows components can be installed in Start -> Control Panel -> Programs and Features -> Turn Windows features on or off.
5. Keyboard shortcuts:
In many articles, you may see text like: Win + R... This word Win stands for the Windows logo key. This key is usually located in the bottom line, third from the left, and is also often duplicated on right side keyboard.
Basic commands/ abbreviations:
Win + Up- Maximize window
Win + Down- Restore / Minimize window
Win + Left- Anchor the window to the left edge of the screen
Win + Right- Snap window to the right edge of the screen
Win + Shift + Left- Switch to left monitor
Win + Shift + Right- Switch to right monitor
Win + Home- Minimize / Restore all inactive windows
Win + Break (or Pause)- Launch the System element from the Control Panel (Properties item when clicking right click mouse on Computer in the Start menu)
Win + Space- Show desktop
Win + B- Go to the notification area (tray)
Win + D- Minimize windows or restore all windows
Win + E- Launch Explorer
Win + F- Launch the built-in Windows search dialog
Win + Ctrl + F- Launch Computer Search from Domain
Win + F1- Launch built-in Windows dialog: Help and Support
Win + G- Display gadgets on top of all windows
Win + L- Lock workstation (current user session)
Win + M- Minimize all windows
Win + P- Show additional display options (extend the desktop by 2 monitors, etc.)
Win + R- Launch the Run dialog box
Win + T- Select the first item in the taskbar (Press again to switch to next item, Win + Shift + T- scrolls in reverse order)
Win + U- Launch the Ease of Access Center
Win + X- Launch Mobility Center
Win + number- Launch the application from the taskbar (Win + 1 launches the first application on the left, Win + 2, the second, etc.)
Win + "+"- Zoom in
Win + "-"- Zoom out
Ctrl + mouse wheel (up / down) on the desktop- increase / decrease desktop icons.
In Explorer:
Alt + P- Show / Hide Preview Area
Task bar:
Shift + click on the icon- Open a new application window
Ctrl + Shift + click on the icon- Open a new application window with administrator privileges
Shift + right click on an icon- Show application menu
Shift + right click on a group of icons- Show menu, restore all / collapse all / Close all
Ctrl + click on a group of icons- Maximize all windows of the group
6. Disable (enable) unused Windows 7 components:
There are many additional features and components in Windows 7. You can review them and decide for yourself which ones you use and which ones you don't. Unused components can be disabled and, thus, slightly offload the use of computer resources by the system.
To view and disable (enable) additional functions and components, do the following:
1. Open Control Panel;
2. Open snm snap Programs and Features;
3. Follow the link on the left " Turn Windows features on or off";
4) View all components and disable unnecessary ones by unchecking their checkboxes.
7. Disable the "Support Center" flag in the tray:
If during your work the "Support Center" flag appeared in your tray, and you want to remove it, then do the following.
1. Right-click on the Taskbar and select Properties;
2. Press the button Tune;
3. Follow the link Turn system icons on or off;
4. Set the value of the system icon Support Center v " Off"and press OK.
8. Changing the function of the power button on your computer case:
By default, the shutdown button in Windows 7 is set to " Completion of work". If you restart your computer several times a day, it might be more convenient for you to switch the shutdown button to the "" state. To do this, right-click on the Start button, select the Properties menu item and switch " Power button action"to state" ". You can also select functions" Blocking", "User change" and " End of session".
P.S. For me personally, the default option is the most successful. Rebooting to the car is not needed at all.
9. Canceling and changing the association of file types with certain programs:
If you have selected the wrong program in the " To open with"and set the parameter" Use the selected program for all files of this type", as well as if the program was uninstalled incorrectly, leaving the associations in the system for itself with the supported file types. There are several ways to fix this.
Method 1: Try to associate required files with the necessary programs using the same "Open with" dialog
Method 2: Control Panel \ All Control Panel Items \ Default Programs \ Set Change Program Mappings
Method 3: Search the registry in a branch
10. Disable tooltips:
You can disable tooltips using the Group Policy Editor.
1. Press Start, in the field To start searching to write gpedit.msc and press OK;
2. Go to section User Configuration - Administrative Templates - Start Menu and Taskbar;
3. Open the parameter " Remove tooltips for main menu items", select Item Included and press OK;
11. Create a system recovery disc and boot from it:
If you have a Windows 7 installation disc, you do not need to create a recovery disc. If installation disk you do not have it, you must create a recovery disc - it will come in handy sooner or later. From the installation disc, you can boot into the environment Windows recovery RE
To create a system recovery disc:
1. Insert a blank CD into the drive;
2. Open Start -> Control Panel -> Backup and Restore;
4. Insert the recovery disc into the drive and reboot;
5. Boot from the drive must be prioritized in BIOS;
7. Select the system you want to restore.
8. Install the switch Use recovery tools ... and press the button Further... You will see a window with recovery options.
12. Adding your own icon to the list of account pictures:
By default, account pictures are located in the following folder:
C: \ ProgramData \ Microsoft \ User Account Pictures \ Default Pictures
You can put your image in it and it will be displayed automatically when you select the option to change the picture account in the snap " user accounts". In this case, the picture must be in the format * .bmp and be sized 128x128 pixels.
13. Removing the prohibiting lock icon from the folder:
1. Right-click on the folder from which you want to remove the lock icon and select Properties;
2. Go to the tab Safety;
3. Press the buttons Edit -> Add -> Advanced -> Search;
4. In the search results, hold down the key Ctrl, choose the following names: Authenticated Administrators, and press OK;
5. In the group or users window, select Administrators; and check the box on Full access
then choose Verified; and also check the box on Full access;
6. Press OK;
7. When windows appear " Security application error"to press Continue.
14. Reducing the size of the icon on the desktop:
How to reduce or increase the size of the icons on the desktop.
15. Improving the quality of color reproduction by the monitor:
Windows 7 offers a new Display Color Calibration Wizard to help you properly adjust color, brightness, and contrast settings, and the ClearType tuner makes text sharp and contrasting. To call the wizard, click Start, enter DCCW and press Enter... Further - everything is simple.
16. Turning on Flip3D - displaying windows at an angle:
1. Click the right mouse button on the desktop, select New -> Shortcut;
2. In the " Specify the location of the object"enter the following: RunDll32 DwmApi # 105 and press Further;
3. Type the name of your future (eg Flip3D) shortcut and press Ready.
17. Using checkboxes to highlight (select) files and folders:
In Windows 7 there is a convenient opportunity to mark files and folders for selection using checkboxes. It is more convenient than selecting objects by holding Ctrl but this feature is disabled by default. To enable it, do the following:
1. Open Explorer and press the key once Alt- this is how we initialize the display standard menu at the top of the explorer window, which is hidden by default;
2. Run Start -> Control Panel -> Folder Options and go to the tab View;
3. Mark the parameter Use checkboxes to select items and click OK;
Now, on the left, next to each file and folder, it is possible to mark them by checking the box, and in the headers of the sorting columns, you can check the box to select all objects in the open folder.
18. Automatic ADSL -connecting the Internet when starting Windows in "invisible mode":
1. Open Control Panel \ Network and Internet \ Network Connections \ ADSL Properties;
2. In the tab parameters uncheck: Display connection progress, prompt for username and password;
3. Place a shortcut in the startup folder ADSL.
19. Automatic VPN connection to the Internet when Windows starts:
1. Open the rear planner from the menu Start -> Administration -> Task Scheduler or by running the command taskschd.msc from the Start menu -> Search;
2. Press Create task;
3. Tab Name -> Connection name, we leave the placement as it is.
4. Tab Triggers -> New -> Start Task: When logging in
Actions Tab-New
Action: Start the program
Program or script: rasdial "connection name" user password
Parameters tab-New
Check the boxes:
Run the task immediately if the scheduled launch is missed
If execution fails, restart after 1 min.
Number of restart attempts 99.
Uncheck:
Stop task taking longer
If at VPN connection through the bat file you get error 623.
Rename the connection name to English language and everything should work.
20. Recovering missing sound in Internet browsers:
1. Check the volume level in the Flash player itself;
2. Remove completely and then reinstall:
2.1. Adobe Flash Player... Uninstallation: http://kb2.adobe.com/cps/141/tn_14157.html Installation: http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/otherversions/
2.2. Codecs in the system (K-lite codeck pack, Shark007 Windows 7 Codecs, etc.)
2.3. Browsers
2.4. Sound card driver
3. In Internet Explorer, check if you have checked the box in the " Play sounds on web pages" Tools -> Internet Properties -> Advanced -> Chapter Multimedia;
4. Check if the launch is installed windows services Audio Automatically.
Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Services -> double click on Windows Audio -> Startup Type: Automatic;
5. Press Stop, Then Run;
5. Launch Registry Editor Win + R -> regedit... Go to branch: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ Drivers32;
Check the value of a String parameter wavemapper... Its value should be msacm32.drv... If this parameter no, then create it.
21. Remove unnecessary labels on the desktop:
1. Open with Restorator or PE Explorer files C: \ Windows \ System32 \ ru-RU \ user32.dll.mui and C: \ Windows \ System32 \ en-US \ user32.dll.mui and in the string table, delete the lines with 715 on 718 inclusive and lines 737 and 738 so that there are no unnecessary inscriptions on the desktop.
715% wsWindows% ws
716% ws Build% ws
717 Proof copy.
718 For tests only.
737 your copy of windows is not genuine
738 Test Mode
22. Moving system folders and changing their paths:
It is better to transfer system folders immediately after Windows installations, before installing programs and drivers, because when installing drivers and especially programs, directories and shortcuts will be created in these same system folders.
If you use system folders to store files, then moving the user's system folders to a non-system drive will help you save your files. In the event of a Windows crash, when you reinstall it, the default system folders will be completely overwritten, with all the files in them.
But if you set your own paths to system folders, then all their contents will remain intact. Windows versions in order to move any system folder or change its path, you had to edit the value you need in one of the following registry keys:
HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ Shell Folders
HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ User Shell Folders
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ Shell Folders
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ Software \ Microsoft \ Windows \ CurrentVersion \ Explorer \ User Shell Folders
Microsoft, realizing that many users may want to move their system folders, made it easier for users to do this by eliminating the need to edit the registry. To move system folders and change their paths, do the following:
1. Create a new folder, preferably with a name similar to the folder being moved.
2. Open in Windows Explorer: Desktop \ Your Profile(For instance: Desktop \ Administrator);
3. Right-click on the name of the folder you are going to move (For example: My Documents) and choose Properties;
4. Open a tab Location;
5. Press the button Move and specify the path to the new folder you created;
6. Next, the system will ask you: Move all files from the old location to the new one?(The recommended answer is Yes);
7. Agree with the new parameters by applying them and exit;
8. Reboot the Computer.
23. Quickly add your own shortcut to a folder or program to the Computer folder:
1. Copy the shortcut you need to the folder C: \ Users \ UserName \ AppData \ Roaming \ Microsoft \ Windows \ Network Shortcuts
where Username is the name of your account (For example: Administrator).
24. Eliminating blinking games in OpenGL mode:
Rename files:
.. \ windows \ system32 \ glu.dll- v glu32.dll
.. \ windows \ system32 \ opengl.dll - in opengl32.dll
25. Restarting the computer into safe mode without using the keyboard:
In order to reboot into Safe Mode, it is enough to press the F8 key during boot and select the Safe Mode item. And to return back to Normal mode, you just need to restart the computer (without pressing F8) and the system will return to its standard state.
But on some motherboards F8 key is used to select physical device from which the computer should start booting.
In this case, you must select the hard disk on which the operating system is installed. After pressing the Enter key, you must immediately press the F8 key again until the Windows boot options menu appears on the screen. You must be able to do this pretty quickly, otherwise the normal Windows boot will start.
If you don't want to play for speed, there is an easier solution:
1. Open System Configuration: Start -> Run -> msconfig -> Ok or Win + R -> msconfig -> Ok;;
3. Check the box next to the value Safe mode In chapter Boot options;
4. Press Ok and restart your computer.
5. To go back to Normal mode: Being in Safe Mode
uncheck this box and restart your computer.
26. Where are icons (icons) stored in Windows 7:
If you want to use one of the Windows 7 icons (icons), then most of them you can find in the following files:
C: \ Windows \ System32 \ shell32.dll
C: \ Windows \ System32 \ imageres.dll
To retrieve the icon you need:
1. Open one of the proposed files using the program Restorator;
2. In the panel Resource tree open folder Icon;
3. Choose any of the icons you like.
4. In the panel Resource tree right-click on this resource and select Checkout ...> Checkout as "resource_name.ico";
5. Select a folder to extract and click Save;
You can also extract all icons at once, for this:
6.In the panel Tree resources, right-click on the folder Icon and choose Extract ...> Extract All as Type "Icon";
7. Select a folder to extract and click OK;
27. Removing an installed update:
If you have installed an update on Windows, to add additional function, but you did not like it, then you can safely delete it.
To remove any update, do the following:
1. Open Control Panel -> Programs;
2. Click on the link View installed updates;
3. Right-click on any update that you want to delete and click on the word that appears Delete;
4. If necessary, restart the computer.
28. Creating icons for managing the state of the computer:
To quickly change the state of the system, you can create shortcuts on the desktop that allow you to change it with one swipe of the mouse.
To create shortcuts, follow these steps:
1. Press the right mouse button on the desktop, select the menu item New -> Shortcut;
2. In the field Specify the location of the object enter the required command to create a shortcut and press OK;
Locking your computer - rundll32.exe User32.dll, LockWorkStation
Sign Out - Shutdown.exe / l
Completion of work - Shutdown.exe -s -t 00
Dream - rundll32.exe powrprof.dll, SetSuspendState Sleep
29. Deleting data beyond recovery:
When you delete a file or folder, there is no complete physical deletion of information, only the "table of contents" of the file system is cleared. Using the cipher utility, a partial solution to this problem is possible, since it is possible to clean up free disk space by wiping it.
The space occupied by the contents of the folder will be overwritten with zeros, then ones, and after that - a set random characters in every sector.
To completely delete data:
1. Remove necessary files or folders from your directory to be removed;
2. Run the command line with administrator rights;
2.1. Press the button Start;
2.2. In the search bar, enter the command cmd;
2.3. Click on the found program with the right mouse button and select Run as administrator;
3. In the command line, enter: cipher / w: directory;
directory - the path to any folder on the partition to be cleaned up. (For instance: cipher / w: c: \ temp) If you have deleted a folder or file from the root of the drive, you can specify only the drive letter as the path. (For instance: cipher / w: c: \).
30. Delete text under a shortcut or file icon:
1. Click with the right mouse button on the selected icon;
2. Click Rename;
3. While holding down the key Alt, type numbers 2, 5 and 5 in a row on the numeric keypad ( Alt + 255) - this combination allows you to add an invisible character to the name of a shortcut or file;
4. If you want to rename several shortcuts, then when you rename the next one, you will need to press Alt and enter 255 twice. So for the third icon you need to enter ALT + 255, ALT + 255, ALT + 255.
Thanks for this selection to the site w7seven.ru
OS setup is carried out in order to create conditions for effective work on a PC.
The customization tools can be divided into five groups:
Input-output means (keyboard, mouse, printer)
Customization of controls (taskbar, main menu, shopping cart)
Customization of design elements (theme, desktop, splash screen, design, parameters)
Setting up automation tools ( automatic start applications when turning on the PC, launching applications on schedule)
Setting fonts and other settings
Operating system MS DOS.
One of the most widespread operating systems until the mid-90s was the Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS DOS).
In modern Windows operating systems, a command line is used to work with DOS commands, which can be invoked: Start / Run, enter cmd in the dialog box and click OK. Another way to invoke the command line is Start / Programs / Accessories / Command line.
Composition of MS DOS
The MS DOS operating system includes the following main modules:
Basic input-output system (BIOS);
Boot Record block;
BIOS expansion module (IO.SIS);
Interrupt handling module (MS DOS.SYS);
Command processor (COMMAND.COM);
Driver files that, after being loaded into memory, ensure the operation of devices such as a mouse, CD-ROM, etc.
OS utilities that perform various service functions (formatting disks, etc.).
The basic BIOS system is hardware dependent and resides in the PC's ROM memory. This part of the operating system is built into the PC.
It implements the following main functions:
Automatic check hardware components when turning on the PC;
Calling the OS boot block (loading the operating system program into the memory takes place in two stages: first, the Boot Record block is loaded and control is transferred to it, then, using this block, the rest of the modules).
The Boot Record is a very short program (about 512 bytes) found in the first sector of every DOS disk. Boot Record loads two more OS modules (io.sys system files, msdos.sys) into memory, which complete the DOS boot process.
The IO.SIS BIOS Expansion Module is a ROM BIOS add-on. It adjusts the OS for a specific PC configuration and allows you to connect new drivers to non-standard I / O devices.
Interrupt handling module MS DOS.SYS - implements services related to servicing the file system and I / O operations.
Command processor COMMAND.COM - processes the commands that are entered by the user.
Booting MS DOS is reading the operating system from an external storage device into RAM, its configuration and launch.
After turning on the power of the computer on which the operating system MS DOS is installed, the following processes occur automatically:
PC testing (BIOS performs a set of programs for initial computer testing);
MS DOS configuration (OS configuration is performed using the commands written in the files config.sys and autoexec.bat.).
After loading the OS, a prompt for the user to enter commands is displayed on the monitor screen, which consists of a disk name and symbols:
A: \> or C: \>.
This means that DOS is ready to receive commands.
The DOS prompt contains information about the current drive and current directory.
For instance, A: \> - drive A :, root directory:
C: \ windows> - drive C: \ windows directory.
The disk with which it works in this moment PC is called current.
Entering and Editing Commands
To enter a command, type this command on the keyboard and press Enter. To edit the command being entered, you can use the following keys:
Backspace, Delete, Ins, Esc, Arrow keys.
General Commands
VER - check the OS version (A: \> VER, press Enter);
CLS - clear the screen (A: \> CLS, press Enter);
TIME - checking and correcting the system clock (A: \> TIME, press Enter);
DATA - checking and correcting the system calendar (A: \> DATA, press Enter).
Basic commands for working with files, directories, disks
Working with files
Creation of text files: A: \> copy con (file name) - after entering this command, you will need to enter the lines of the file one by one. At the end of each line, press the Enter key, and after entering the last line, press F6 (or Ctrl + Z) and then Enter. A file with the specified name will appear on the disk.
Copy file: A: \> copy a: \ lesson urok (copy lesson from the root directory to the urok directory);
Delete file: A: \> del less, press Enter;
Rename: A: \> ren lesson conon, press Enter (renamed file - conon);
Outputting the file to the screen: TYPE example: A: \> TYPE prim.1, press Enter;
Merge (merging files into one) COPY_ full name of the 1st file + full name of the 2nd file _ full name of the 3rd file, press Enter.
Working with directories
1. Create directory: A: \> md urok, press Enter.
2. Delete directory: A: \> rd urok, press Enter.
3. Browse the directory (directory table of contents): A: \> DIR, press Enter.
4. Change the current directory: A: \> cd urok, press Enter. We get: A: \ urok> (drive A :, directory \ urok).
5. Go to the root directory: A: \ urok> cd ..
, press Enter. We get: A: \> (drive A :, root directory).
6. Displaying a list of drive directories: A: \> TREE A: / F, press Enter.
Working with disks
Switching from disk to disk: C: \ windows> A:, press Enter, we get A: \>;
Formatting drives: C: \> format a :, press Enter;
Setting a label on the disk: A: \ vol, press Enter;
Reading the label: A: \ label, press Enter.
Updated - 2017-01-25
. You can customize the application program. The operating system can be customized. You can customize computer hardware such as video card, sound card, LAN card, etc. Is it possible to customize boot Windows? It turns out you can.
If for some reason you are not satisfied with what operating system the initial bootloader loads and in what mode it starts it, then you can reconfigure the bootloader itself.
There are also special operating system boot modes, such as last known good configuration mode and others. You can read more about them in the article. In the meantime, let's configure the initial boot of Windows.
A special menu is used to control the initial boot of the computer. It is not always displayed during computer startup, but only when multiple operating systems are installed on it.
It so happens that you specifically or accidentally installed another operating system, and now, when you boot your computer, you need to choose which system to boot from. You gape a little and the wrong system boots.
You have to reboot everything and seize the moment. Does the situation sound familiar? So, so that this does not happen again, you need to configure Windows boot.
Go to the main menu Start, choose - Customization – Control Panel ... Find the icon System, click on it with the mouse and open the " System properties ».
Go to the tab Additionally and press the button Parameters in Group... A window will open.
