Rj45 pinout by colors of 4 cores. Cross ties: how to make an internet cable with your own hands. Twisted Pair Crimping Instructions

And here the question arises: how to compress twisted pair 8 lived? After all, the connector itself is "tightly" fixed to the wire. What now, to call the provider again, call specialists, pay them for their work?

As it turned out, the twisted pair crimping scheme is not so complicated. It is quite possible to make such a connection with your own hands. Besides, twisted pair, the connection of which is done by hand, will save your personal budget. And how to crimp the cable for the Internet, let's try to figure it out now.

But first, it's worth understanding what the Internet cable itself is and how to connect the wires to the connector for its correct operation.

Wire, connector and crimper

The Internet cable contains 8 copper conductors, which are twisted in pairs. That is why such a wire is called a twisted pair. Twin cores are similar in color. For example, a pair can be blue and blue-white or brown and brown-white.

There are two types of wires on the counters - shielded (STP) and unshielded (UTP). But, ultimately, these types of cables do the same job, and therefore it makes no sense to overpay for the screen. Therefore, the second option will be the best, as it is more accessible for connection. In addition, it has different categories, among which it is worth choosing.

UTP cables can be categorized into 3, 5, 6, and 7 (the most common). It is necessary to understand that the lower the category, the lower the quality and, as a result, the price. Today, the 5th category can be distinguished, which has proven itself well in operation and at the same time has a completely acceptable cost. She is on this moment the most common.

As for the connector, nowadays, almost all devices use Rj-45. Its cost is low, and therefore it is worth buying these switching parts with a margin, since there is a risk of ruining them during work due to inexperience.

Also, for work, you may need a tool called a crimper, i.e. special pliers for crimping the plug. Although you can do without them, provided that you only need to compress one or two wires - in this case, you should not spend money on it.

Twisted pair crimping methods

Having dealt with necessary tool and material, you can start choosing the option for crimping. After all, the speed of transmission of Internet traffic and other information, and the types of devices with which the cable will be compatible, depends on what it will be.

There are two types of pinouts: these are 568 A and 568 V. In turn, they make up two subspecies - direct connection or cross (cross). In addition, there is a simplified pinout, i.e. crimping twisted pair 4 wires, not 8. However, with this arrangement, the traffic speed is reduced from 1 Gbit / s to 100 Mbit / s. It is necessary to consider each of the options separately, and you should start with the simplest ones.

Straight on 4 and 8 wires 568V

Twisted pair, which is crimped in a 2-pair way, is used when connecting a computer to switching devices such as a modem, router, etc. When crimping on both sides, the sequence of wires on the contacts is as follows:

1. orange with white;
2. Orange;
3. green with white;
4. green.

This color layout leaves pins 4, 5, 7 and 8 unused. Thus, you can connect the Internet via an ADSL line at a speed of no more than 100 Mbit / s, but at the same time a twisted pair of 4 cores, of course, is much easier to install.

Twisted pair, the connection of which must be high-speed, requires the use of all 8 wires when crimping. Such a scheme for connecting a network cable allows you to increase the data transfer rate up to 1 Gbit / s. The order of arrangement of the veins by color is as follows:

1. orange with white;
2. Orange;
3. green with white;
4. blue;
5. blue with white;
6. green;
7. brown with white;
8. Brown.

A slightly different connection procedure in the crossover version, for which the 568 A type of conductor arrangement is used.

Cross

A similar connection option uses the 568 A and 568 B types for low transmission speeds, namely, one of the sides of the wire is crimped according to the previous 8-wire method, but the orange and green pairs are swapped for the second. It turns out the pinout of the twisted pair 568; A:

1. green with white;
2. green;
3. orange with white;
4. blue;
5. blue with white;
6. Orange;
7. brown with white;
8. Brown.

If you need a high traffic speed, the pinout of the cable for the Internet will be as follows: one of the sides is crimped in the 568 V sequence, and the other side is 568 A, but with the replacement of the blue-brown pairs.

Procedure for crimping with a crimper

First, you need to strip the outer layer of insulation about 2.5–3 cm. For such manipulation, there are special grooves on the crimper. In this case, you need to be very careful not to damage the insulation of the twisted pair wires.

After that, it is necessary to carefully straighten the veins, placing them in the desired sequence, and cut them so that an even perpendicular edge is obtained. Then, along the grooves inside the plug, bring the wires inward so that they enter the contacts of the plug. In this case, the outer insulation of the wire must also go inside. Otherwise, after a few bends, the connector will fail and the wires will break.

After that, it is already possible to crimp the wire and the second fastening place with a crimper, on which there is a special groove for the 8P network wire. If the crimp is sufficient, the contacts will pierce the core insulation. This action has two functions - it creates a strong contact and additional fixation.

As long as the instructions are followed carefully, the twisted pair connector will function as intended. If something went wrong, the colors of the veins were confused, etc., it is for such a case that the supply of plugs mentioned above is needed.

Tool-free crimping

The procedure here is the same as in the previous method - the insulation is removed, the conductors are arranged in the right order and the conductors are cut, inserted into the plug along the grooves. After that, a screwdriver squeezes the part fixing the cable itself, and only after that you can proceed directly to the contacts themselves.

The same screwdriver (or scissors - as it is more convenient for anyone) carefully, one at a time, crimps the contacts until they pierce the insulation and firmly rest against the conductors. In this case, the contacts will remain embedded in the grooves of the plastic plug.

But still, of course, the connector crimped with a crimper, even the most budget one, will be of much better quality. By the way, on new computers and laptops it does not matter whether the connector is crimped in a straight or cross way. these models already adjust themselves to the pinout. Of course, this does not mean that you can perform such a procedure at random. Simply, if you need to connect an Internet modem or another computer, you can do it by directly crimping a twisted pair or twisted pair of 4 conductors (at low traffic speed).

Summarizing

As it became, for sure, clear, the question of how to crimp a network cable is not so difficult, and everyone can do such work, even without special education. The main thing, as in any work, is attentiveness, accuracy and strict adherence to the instructions (images of various cuts are available above). Therefore, it makes no sense to call the master, wait for him and pay money for the work that can be done by hand. But if you have doubts about your abilities, then, of course, you can entrust this business to a professional, but still it will not hurt to try to crimp it yourself. After all, the costs of plugs are the smallest, and you can save a lot.

Consider the problem of choosing a 2- and 4-pair twisted pair cable. Now these types of cables are increasingly used for laying local office networks, connecting houses and apartments to the Internet. Any wired connection the end user is made one of these two types of cable.

2 pairs are only 4 conductors
first, a twist of two conductors is done, receiving pairs of cables. Then these 2 pairs of cable are twisted together.

4 pairs are 8 conductors
accordingly, two conductors are twisted, receiving cable pairs. Then 4 pairs are twisted together. Each cable pair is color coded to identify the cable at the ends.

The thread is very important process to obtain a high-quality cable, since the characteristics of signal transmission strongly depend on it. An uneven or poorly twisted cable will not be able to transmit the signal over a given distance due to high interference. The more pairs there are, the more difficult the whipping process is and the better the process is needed to get the desired result.

The good old Ethernet standard dictates the use of wired networks communication is specifically a 4-pair cable. In the standards of Structured Cabling Systems (SCS) by which all are built corporate networks it also speaks only of a 4-pair cable for computer networks.

Aha! So the answer is already there? Should the cable be only 4 pairs?
The simplest answer in this case is yes, but life dictates other options ...

So where did the two-pair cable come from in computer networks? Here we need to talk about data transfer rates. The Ethernet standard now offers speeds: 10Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps and 10Gbps.

We have almost forgotten 10Mbit as a standard for connecting to equipment activity. Now the simplest device under $ 10 has 100Mbps ports. In the case when we are talking about connecting to the Internet, a rare provider can provide a real connection speed to the Internet at a speed of 100 Mbit. Often this speed does not exceed 10Mbps. At the same time, the connection to the provider's internal network occurs exactly at a speed of 100 Mbit.

The fact is that 10 and 100Mbit Ethernet standards from 4 pairs use only 2! Thus, 2 pairs are unused. Why were they foreseen? For the development of the standard and so that after laying the cable, it does not need to be shifted if it is necessary to switch to high speed.

For example, having entered new apartment or just renovating an old one, you are wiring the internal network or connecting to an internet provider. You need to install connection points inside the apartment and on an ongoing basis so that everything is beautiful. You lay the cable into the wall or run it under the skirting board or route it neatly over it. Install sockets. Everything is beautiful. Which cable will you choose for this?

I would take exactly a 4-pair cable. Even if now they gave me the Internet and there is 100Mbit, then since I plan to live in this apartment not for 1-3 years, but probably at least 5-10, then you can be sure that Gbit will come to you at least inside the apartment for sure. And I definitely will not have the desire to open the walls or even the baseboard in order to move the cable. This will be a big cost, much more than the difference in the price of the cable. Not to mention labor costs and loss of aesthetics. Do I need it?

How much do I win if I take a 2-pair cable? A meter of 2 parks costs about 5 rubles, and a meter of 4 parks is 8.5 rubles. Let's say I spent on an apartment 100m of cable 3.5 per 100 is 350 rubles. Even if there is more cable or you bought it more expensive, well 1000 rubles... How much will it cost to transfer? Yes, and you still need to buy it.

Another thing is when the provider pulls the cable for you to the apartment or floor. If he really does not plan to provide the service at a higher speed, then this may be a justified economy, especially since the cable needs to be laid in narrow risers and passages and is stolen.

Also, savings may make sense if you are doing a temporary installation in a rented space for a short time and at a speed of 100Mbps. Then, after the end, the cable is often thrown away as it is not always possible to reuse it. The price of the cable is really cheaper than the cost of working with it.

If you modern man and you immediately plan to use Gbit technologies, then you do not even consider a 2-pair cable. It won't work since Gbps uses all 4 pairs. On a 2-pair cable, the equipment will not work or will automatically switch to a speed of 100 Mbit. This mode is most often also supported for compatibility reasons.

If this is your home, apartment or your office, then always use a 4-pair cable. If a provider pulls a cable to you, then inside an apartment or office it is better to make sure that the cable goes exactly 4-pair. It will be much more expensive to change the cable than to put it right in the first place. When you agree on the installation, then check which cable is declared. You buy a service, but then you live with this cable and with this system.

If you are a provider and want to save money using a 2-pair cable, then you need to think about the timing of the transition to Gbit technology, at least within the network. If this period is within 5 years, then seriously consider using a 2-pair cable. Even making its own network for sale, most likely the cable infrastructure, which requires a more expensive and complex relocation, immediately built for Gbit, will be easier and more expensive to sell. Better to consider laying a 4-pair cable and using them in half for two users. This at least does not require half of the cabling to be re-laid.

Laying and crimping a network cable is not difficult, but necessary. Although wireless networks are gaining more and more supporters, they have disadvantages that are absent in the cable network:

A two-pair cable consists of four copper conductors (which are twisted in pairs and, additionally, the pairs are intertwined with each other), united by a PVC braid.

On a note! Copper conductors are twisted to reduce electrical noise. This is especially true if the network cable is laid in the immediate vicinity of the power cable (220 V). Data is transmitted as a potential difference across two conductors. Provided that electrical noise acts uniformly on the entire network cable, then the potential difference between the two copper conductors in an arbitrarily taken section of the cable is the same. The pairs are intertwined to eliminate crosstalk (where the signal in one pair causes interference in the other).

Inside the braid, in addition to copper conductors, a breaking thread (usually nylon) is hidden. This thread can serve two purposes:

1. Cutting the outer sheath of the cable, without damaging the sheath of each individual conductor.
2. Increase the tensile strength of the laid cable.

When choosing a cable, pay attention to the color of its protective sheath:

1. Gray color - the cable is intended for indoor installation.
2. Black color - the cable is intended for external gasket(as a rule, it has an additional conductor made of polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene).
3. Orange color - for inner lining, the braid is made of non-combustible material.

To make a patching cord, prepare the following materials and tools:

1. The cable length you need.
2. 8p8c plugs (8 position, 8 contact), which are often mistakenly called RJ-45.
3. Crimping tool (crimper, pliers, crimper), thin flat screwdriver, or a knife with a thin, non-fragile blade.

It is interesting! Title error 8p8 candRJ-45 is that the first is the connectors and plugs, and the second is the name of the standard by which they are made. By analogy, you can call canned stew not "stew", but GOST 32125-2013.

Making a patch cord

Step 1. Purchase and prepare a piece of twisted pair cable of the required length.

On a note! It is recommended to leave some "allowance". This will allow you not to be afraid of the wrong one, with the subsequent "biting off" of the damaged plug. In addition, the supply of cable will give you some mobility for the workplace. A stretched cable is much easier to damage, despite its high breaking strength. Remember, twisted pair, as opposed to power lines, when rolled into a bay, does not cause interference and does not lose either quality or signal transmission speed.

Step 2. Remove a small part of the outer braid, about two to three centimeters. At the same time, try not to touch the inner sheath (single core braid). If you use a crimper as a tool, use the correct slot under the knife.

Do not forget about the breaking thread, when working without a special tool - this the best way remove the sheath without risking the cable.

Sometimes, when purchasing a Category 5 cable, there may be no breaking thread inside, in such a situation, use side cutters, wire cutters, or an ordinary knife.

Step 3. Place the conductors in the desired pins of the plug. Remember that to work in the network, it is worth using switching equipment with normal / uplink technology (currently - any switch or network adapter computer for 100 Mb / s network), in this case you only need a direct cable routing (identical conductors in identical contacts).

When using old equipment, you will have to do crossover (crossover, cross-link) wiring (one end of the patch cord is crimped in straight wiring, the other in crossover), as shown in the figure below.

On a note! Of course, the plug does not distinguish between colors, data exchange implies only correct installation sequences of copper conductors. Make sure that the conductors fall into pins numbered 1, 2, 3, 6.

Step 4. Bite off the ends of the veins so that they are of the same length, then insert them into the 8p8c sleeve to the extreme position (the veins should rest against the edge of the connector).

Step 5. Using the special connector of the pliers, bite through the copper conductors with the contacts of the sleeve.

On a note! Note, designed primarily for four-pair cables, so the braid of a two-pair cable may not be securely fixed. That is why it is important to insert the wires all the way so that their position is fixed by the biting contacts of the connector.

Important! When selecting a crimping tool, pay attention to the position of the crimping knives. When using a crimper, they should rise evenly, and not along a radius. The tool itself must be heavy - this is an additional guarantee of the quality of the material, in addition, the lighter the crimper, the faster it will fail (the springs will loosen, the fasteners of the knives will loosen, it will be damaged if dropped). If crimping is to be done often, pay attention to the material of the handle - it is desirable that it is rubberized, does not slip in your hands. The last recommendation is to choose pliers with the ability to crimp different connectors (8p, 6 p, 4 p) - this will save you time and money.

You can do without the use of crimping pliers - a thin flat screwdriver, or a knife. It is necessary to press with a tip on the contacts of the plug until they bite through the copper conductors.

Important! Remember, you only have one try per plug, so it is worth keeping a reserve handy.

After securing the wires, press down on the braid retainer.

It is interesting! The cable connection technology by biting through the outer and inner braids has been developed to extend the length of thick coaxial (coaxial) cable. The device for splicing individual pieces of cable is called a "transceiver" or "vampire", and the method itself is a "vampire tooth". When connecting, two short teeth were used, which bit through the shielding braid, and a long one - for "gnawing" into the cable core.

Step 6. After completing the work, do not forget to check the quality of the created patch cord. The easiest way to use a switch is to plug the crimped connectors into the jacks on the device, and make sure the LEDs indicate the physical connection.

Video - Twisted pair crimping, 4 cores

Conclusion

We examined the nuances of crimping work using a four-core cable. remember, that this way will save you money when laying the cable, but it should be used on networks with data transfer rates up to 100 Mb / s, since gigabit networks use eight conductors to work.

The power cord is used to connect to the network: it unites two PCs into one, connects with other computer devices.

It extends from the provider to the house to each user individually.

The quality of its compression directly depends on how good the connection speed and the operation of the device will be.

If you bring the Internet to your home and invite a specialized team, there will be no problems.

But sometimes it becomes necessary to compress it yourself.

How to properly crimp an Internet cable is a serious question and you should approach it responsibly, having previously studied the information.

Crimp tools

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For, to crimp the internet cable yourself, you should have some tools:

2 Multiple adapters(spare, just in case). You can buy them freely in a specialized store.

3 Crimper- the device used for crimping. It is relatively inexpensive, and if you plan to deal with these manipulations, you can buy it.

It is convenient and safe to work with it for component parts.

3 Protection, which is installed at the junction of the cable and adapter.

A useful thing, it will protect the wire from breaking at the mating point.

If you are not inclined to spend extra Money, you can use the tools that are at hand.

But it is necessary to work with them extremely carefully so as not to damage the material.

You can, for example, perform crimping using a conventional screwdriver. Then, for manipulations, in addition take a knife.

Cable types

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For understanding, how to crimp an internet cable, you need to know what their options exist and what they are used for.

Crossover - used to connect two identical devices to each other.

For example two personal computers or two.

Its peculiarity is that each side has a set of wires belonging specifically to it.

The crimping methods do not differ between different types wires. The only difference is what each one is for.

Crimp options

It got its name from the compression method. It is the same for both wires.

But the user does this manipulation once, since the second part of it is already included in and is at the provider.

For standard Internet with a speed of no more than 100 Mb / s, a 4-core connector is pulled.

It is quite enough for this speed and for normal operation.

If you need a connection speed above, then 8-wire cord is used... It is more expensive in terms of cost.

Today, it is convenient that gadgets have a built-in function that allows you to automatically determine the type of connector and in automatic mode select and carry out the necessary settings.

This is very helpful for users who do not have professional knowledge in the field of IT connections, but are trying to solve on their own the problem of how to crimp an Internet cable at home.

It will configure everything automatically and will work absolutely correctly and without complications.

It should also be noted that almost any current device is Auto MDI-X.

This suggests that crossover cables are becoming obsolete and almost never used.

Only those who are able to recognize the type of connection and configure it come to replace it.

Direct Connect Cable Crimp

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So, let's take a closer look, how to properly crimp an internet cable.

First you need to clean the wires from their external protection.

In almost all wires in which the wires are in the form of a twisted pair. There is also a special thread with which you can easily get rid of the first layer.

Measure the required length for cutting (attach an adapter), taking into account that a small part of the external protection should go into the connector by a few millimeters.

Inside the connector there are divisions, separate for each dart.

They should be carefully placed in the wiring.

Insert so that the outer sheath also goes under the adapter clamp.

Using a screwdriver, you need to fix the connector where it comes into contact with the insulated part of the wire.

It is very important to keep track of the wiring, they must be in their place.

Next step- it is required to fix them in the contacts of the adapter.

For this action, you need a crimper.

With its application, the work will be done once and efficiently.

You can also crimp the cable without crimping, helping yourself with a screwdriver.

1 Insert so that the outer sheath also goes under the adapter clamp.

2 Place it conveniently on a table or other convenient place that will ensure reliable contact of the object with a smooth surface.

In this case, the clamp should be in a free position so as not to crush it during processing.

3 The force of pressure should be such that each wire will correctly sit in its place and cut through the insulation.

4 Use a flat-sided screwdriver and gently press down on the connector until you can see any gaps or protrusions.

At the end of processing, it is required to check the performance of the product using a special device.

The tester needs to be set up before testing in the following way: put the switch on diagnosing resistance or set the flow sound signal when the resistance force changes.

It is necessary to conduct a test for each wire separately.

If somewhere there are difficulties, and there is no reaction of the indicator, you need to tighten the idle wire and check again.

Of course, you can save money and not buy such a tip.

But the savings will be minimal, and if the wire is damaged, you will need to do the work done again, or even buy other components if something becomes unusable.

This completes the job.

It is important that the better the adapter is made and the cord is crimped, the better the Internet connection with your PC will be.

If the Internet connection is intermittent, you should check the connector again. Indeed, in this case, over time, it may fail altogether.

Crossover cable crimp

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Its difference when connected is that the wires change their sequence and are arranged according to the following scheme:

• white and green;
• green;
• white-orange
• blue;
• white and blue;
• Orange;
• white-brown;
• Brown.

In this case, the first end is processed with a direct crimp option, and the second when using a cross crimp.

Principle of operation

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Description

1. We clean the outer ball a few centimeters.
2. We straighten the wires in the correct sequence.
3. We measure the required length. This can be done using a crimper.
4. We put the wiring (so as not to be confused) into the adapter. A few centimeters of insulation also gets there. All of them must rest against the plastic - only in this case the work will be done, right.
5. We use a crimper. You need to press down with force so that all the wires are fixed and remain motionless.
6. You can take work.

Four core cable

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Cables with a twisted pair in the cut are most often with eight conductors.

They were the first to use when the internet came to homes.

With the spread of such a means of communication, providers came up with a way to save money and began to use a 4-core instead of an 8-core cable. It is much cheaper.

The four-core wire has its own distinctive feature, about which few people know, and certainly, providers are aware of it.

The fact is that it can transmit data streams at speeds up to 100 Mbps only.

If the user does not provide for a speed greater than 100 Mbps, this connector will suit him. Otherwise, you should turn to the eight-core.

The tools for crimping will need the same as described earlier - a connector and a crimper.

The difficulty in working with this option lies in the fact that you need to understand the color scheme of the internal wiring.

After all crimp the internet cable will come out correctly, if you know how they are located colors.