Data recovery with SSD disk. SSD disk - what it is: new data storage horizons or regular marketing. Than SSD is different from HDD

Greetings to all Habrovska!

I suggest today to talk a little about restoring information from faulty SSD drives. But for a start, before we get acquainted with the technology of rescue the precious kilomega- and gigabytes, please pay attention to the diagram. On it, we tried to arrange the most popular SSD models according to the probability of successful data recovery from them.

As it is not difficult to guess, with the drives located in the green area, it usually arises the least problems (provided that the engineer has the necessary tools, of course). And the drives from the Red Zone are able to deliver a lot of suffering to both their owners and reducing engineers. In case of failure of similar SSD, the chances return the lost data today are too small. If your SSD is located in the Red Zone or next to it, I would advise you to make backup before each brushing teeth.

Those who have already made backup today, welcome under Cat.

Here you should make a small reservation. Some companies know a little more, some slightly less. The results illustrated in the diagram are among themselves the average for the industry as of 2015.

To date, two approaches to data recovery with faulty SSD are common.

Approach number 1. Subtracting dumps Nand Flash chip

Solving the task What is called in the forehead. Logic is simple. Custom data is stored on the Nand Flash memory chips. The drive is faulty, but what if the chips themselves are in order? In the absolute majority of cases, it is also possible, microcircuits are efficient. A part of the data stored on them may be damaged, but the chips themselves function normally. Then you can disappear each chip from pCB Drive and read its content using the programmer. And then try to collect a logical image of the drive from the files received. This approach is currently used when recovering data from uSB Flash. drives and various memory cards. Immediately I will say that this work is not from grateful.

Difficulties may occur at the reading stage. Nand Flash microcircuits are available in different housings, and for a particular chip included with the programmer may not be the desired adapter. For such cases, the kit usually has some universal adapter under the splitting. The engineer is forced using thin wiring and soldering iron, connect the desired chip legs with the corresponding adapter contacts. The task is completely solved, but requires direct hands, defined skills and time. I myself am not familiar with the soldering iron, so this work causes respect.

We will also not forget that in SSD such chips will be most likely 8 or 16, and each will have to spill and count. Yes, and the process of subtracting the chips will also be quickly called quickly.
Well, then it remains only from the received dumps to collect the image and the case in the hat! But then the most interesting thing begins. I will not delve into details, I will describe only the main tasks that the engineer has to be solved and the software used by him.

Bit errors

The nature of the Nand Flash microchip memory is that errors certainly appear in the saved data. Separate memory cells start reading incorrectly, and stably incorrectly. And this is considered the norm exactly until the number of errors within a certain range will exceed some threshold. To combat bit errors, correction codes (ECC) are used. When saving user data, the drive pre-divides the data block into several ranges and each range adds some redundant data that allows you to detect and correct possible errors. The number of errors that can be corrected is determined by the power of the code.

The higher the power of the code, the longer the sequence of the byte attributed bytes. The process of calculating and adding said sequence is called coding, and bit error corrections are decoding. Coding and decoding schemes are usually automatically implemented inside the drive controller. When executing the read command, the drive along with other operations also performs bit error correction. With the resulting dump files, you must conduct the same decoding procedure. To do this, you need to determine the parameters of the code used.

Memory Chips Page Format

A unit of reading and recordings in memory chips is the unit called the page. For modern chips, the page size is approximately 8 kb or 4 kb. Moreover, this value is not a degree of twos, but a little more. That is, inside the page you can place 4 or 8 kb of user data and something else. This redundant part of the drives are used to store correction codes and some service data. Usually the page is divided into several ranges. Each range consists of a user data area (UA) and service data areas (SA). The latter just keeps the correction codes within itself, which protect this range.

All pages have the same format, and for successful recovery, it is necessary to determine which byte ranges are the user data, and how the service.

Scrambling VS Encryption

Most modern SSDs do not store user data in the open form, instead they are previously scrambled or encrypted. The difference between these two concepts is sufficiently conditional. Scrambling is some reversible transformation. The main task of this conversion is obtained from the source data something similar to the random batch sequence. This transformation It is not cryptorant. Knowledge of the transformation algorithm allows without difficulty getting source data. In the case of encryption, knowledge of one algorithm does not give anything. You must also know the key to decryption. Therefore, if the drive is used in the drive, the data encryption is used, and the encryption parameters are unknown, then the data from dumps will not work. It is better not to even start this task. Fortunately, most manufacturers honestly admit that encryption use.

Moreover, marketers managed to make from this criminal (from the point of view of data recovery) functionality, which supposedly gives a competitive advantage over other drives. And okay if there were separate models for paranoids, in which protection from unauthorized access would be qualitatively. But now, apparently, it is time when no encryption is considered a bad tone.
In the case of scrambling, things are not so sad. In the drives, it is implemented as a bitten XOR operating operation (addition to module 2, excluding "or"), made above the initial data and some generated sequence of the bit (XOR pattern).

Often this operation is indicated by the symbol ⊕.

Insofar as
That in order to obtain the source data it is necessary to produce beaten addition of read buffer and XOR pattern:

(X ⊕ Key) ⊕ Key \u003d x ⊕ (Key ⊕ Key) \u003d x ⊕ 0 \u003d x

It remains to determine the XOR pattern. In the simplest case, the same XOR pattern is used for all pages. Sometimes the drive generates a long pattern, say a length of 256 pages, then each of the first 256 pages of the chip adds with its piece of pattern, and is so repeated for the following groups of 256 pages. But there are cases and more complicated. When the page is individually generated for each page on the basis of a law. In such cases, among other things, it is necessary to try to solve this law, which is already, gently say, not easy.

Assembling image

After performing all the preliminary transformations (Bit error correction, troubleshooting, the definition of the page format and, possibly, some other) is the final stage of the image assembly. Due to the fact that the number of overwriting cycles for chip cells is limited, drives are forced to use wear alignment mechanisms to extend the lifetime of the microcircuit. The consequence of this is that user data is preserved not consistently, but chaotic scattered inside the chip. Obviously, the drive must somehow memorize where it saved the current data block. To do this, it uses special tables and lists, which also stores in memory chip. The set of these structures is customary to call the translator. Rather, it will be that the translator is a certain abstraction that is responsible for converting logical addresses (sectors numbers) to the physical (microcircuit and page).

Accordingly, to collect a logical image of the drive, it is necessary to deal with the format and purpose of all the structures of the translator, as well as know how to find them. Some of the structures are sufficiently voluminous, so the drive does not store it entirely in one place, and it also turns out to be squeezed by scattered on different pages. In such cases, there must be a structure describing this distribution. It turns out some translator for the translator. This is usually stopped, but you can go even further.

This approach to data recovery makes it completely emulate a low-level drive. From here, the pros and cons of this approach are followed.

Minuses:

• Labor intensity. Since we fully emulate the work of the drive, we will have to fulfill all the dirty work for it.
• The risk to suffer fiasco. If you cannot solve at least one of the tasks set, then the recovery cannot be speech. And there are many options: the inability to read the chips, because the programmer does not support them; Unknown correction codes; Unknown Xor pattern; encryption; Unknown translator
• The risk is even more dialing the drive. In addition to shaking hands, the risk is heated by the memory chip. For worn chips, this can lead to an additional number of bit errors.
• Time and cost of work

Pros:

• Wide range of tasks. All you need from the drive, these are working memory chip. It does not matter in what state the remaining elements.

Approach number 2. Technological mode

Very often, SSD developers in addition to the implementation of the drive, according to the specification, it is also an additional functionality that allows you to test the work of individual drive subsystems and change a number of configuration parameters. Commands to drive, allowing to do this, is customary to be called technological. They also find themselves very useful when working with faulty drives, which are damaged by software.

As already mentioned above, over time, bid errors inevitably appear in memory chips. So, according to statistics, the reason for the failure of SSD in most cases is the emergence of non-corrected bit errors in service structures. That is, on physical level All elements work normally. But SSD cannot be correctly initialized due to the fact that one of the service structures is damaged. Such a situation with different SSD models is processed in different ways. Some SSDs switch to an emergency mode of operation, in which the functionality of the drive is significantly trimmed, in particular, the drive returns to any read or write commands. Often, at the same time, to somehow sign up for a breakdown, the drive changes some of its passport details. For example, Intel 320 Series instead of serial number Returns a string with an error code. Most often do malfunctions from the "Bad_ctX%"% error code.

In such situations, the knowledge of technological commands is very popular. With the help of them, you can analyze all the service structures, also read the internal logs of the drive and try to find out what all the same went wrong in the initialization process. Actually, the techno-teams were added to this and they were added to make the manufacturer to find out the reason for the failure of his drives and try to improve something in their work. Having determined the cause of the fault, you can try to eliminate it and re-return the drive to life. But all this requires truly deep knowledge about the device architecture. Under the architecture here, I have a greater extent I understand the firmware of the drive and the service data that it operates. Such knowledge has except the developers themselves. Therefore, if you do not feel about them, then you either have to have comprehensive documentation for the drive, or you will have to spend a fair number of hours to study this model. The developers are not in a hurry to share their developments and there are no such documentation in free access. Speaking frankly, I generally doubt that such documentation exist.

Currently, SSD manufacturers are too much, and new models appear too often, and there is no time for a detailed study. Therefore, a little different approach is practiced.

Among the technological commands, teams are very useful to read the pages of memory chips. In this way, you can consider entirely dumps through the SATA drive interface, without opening the SSD case. The drive itself acts as a programmer with Nand Flash Memory Microcircuit. In principle, such actions do not even have to violate the conditions for the guarantee of the drive.

Often processors of techno commands for reading memory chips are implemented so that it is possible to leave the bitmap error, and sometimes deciphering data, on the side of the drive. What, in turn, greatly facilitates the process of data recovery. In fact, it remains only to deal with the broadcast mechanisms and, one can say, the decision is ready.

In words, it is over, everything just sounds. But there is a lot of human-hours for the development of such solutions. And as a result, we add only one SSD model to support.

But the process of data recovery itself is simplified with colossal! Having a similar utility, it remains only to connect the drive to a computer and run this utility that will build a logical image using techno-commands and analyzing service structures. Only the analysis of sections and file systems remains. What can also be a difficult task. But in most cases, a constructed image without much difficulty allows you to restore most of the user data.

Minuses:

• The complexity and cost of development. Sufficient few companies can afford to contain their development department and conduct this kind of research.
• Solutions are individual.
• Limited range of tasks. Not to all drives apply this approach. SSD must be physically fame. Also, rarely, but still it happens that damage to some service structures, eliminates the possibility of restoring user data.

Pros:

• Simplicity.
• In some cases allows for encryption. In essence, the approach to data recovery using technological commands today is the only known way to restore data from some drives using hardware data encryption.

Conclusion

In war, all means are good. But personally, I prefer the second approach as a thinner tool. And the most promising, since increasingly widespread hardware encryption eliminates the possibility of recovering information from "raw" chip dumps. However, the first approach has its own niche of tasks. By and large, these are the challenges that cannot be solved using the technological functions of the drive. First of all, these are drives with a hardware fault, and there is no possibility to determine the damaged element, or the nature of damage eliminates the repair. And it is recommended to take the case only if there is already a successful experience of restoring information from a similar SSD model, or there is information about the solution. It is necessary to know what will have to face: whether encryption or scrambling is used, which XOR pattern is most likely used, whether the translator format is known (there is an image collector). Otherwise, the chances of success are small, at least to quickly solve the task will not work. In addition, heating negatively affects worn memory chips, as a result of which additional bit errors may appear, which, in turn, can bring their fauna to the next.

That's all. Take care of yourself! And yes keep your backup data!

When you delete files, we choose the list of old or unnecessary files, click " delete", And - Batz - they disappeared. But are they really removed from the disk? The appearance of a solid-state disk (SSD) means that the removal is not always what it seems. And as the data recovery technologies are improved, there is also a need to complete the destruction of files without the possibility of recovery.

Does your SSD delete your files? Or is he just hiding them? Let's find out.

What happens when removing

We click " delete.", And the file disappears from the screen. But what happens? Well, deleting a file is a multistage process. When you first delete the file, it simply moves to the basket. The contents of the file remains intact. This allows us to restore the files that we accidentally deleted.

The next step is to remove it from the basket (or with SHIFT + DELETE. For direct removal). Most operating systems track files with " pointers" Each file and folder have a pointer indicating the file system where to look for the file. When you delete a file from a basket, Windows deletes the pointer and lays the disk sectors containing data as " available for overwriting».

File disappeared on your file files. In practice, however, until the disk sector containing existing data is overwritten, the file data still exists. That is why you can restore files using the file recovery program. In addition, some can restore part of the files - a sector containing old data that was not fully overwritten, leaving some of the data intact.

This is how the deletion of files works on the usual hard disk. SSD work differently.

Why ssd is different?

SSD differ from ordinary hard disks, above all because they use different technologies To write data. Hard disk is a device that is written with a moving mechanical lever. SSD more like a flash card, keeping information in cells. To record new data into the cell, the disk must first erase the existing data.

During normal operations, solid-state drives essentially quickly reset the data contained in the cell before rewriting the data. SSD support control over where data is written inside the cells. This means that the operating system can request data for writing to block 1000, while the SSD indicator table contains a completely different number. It is known as " wear distribution ".

This process allows SSD data to control the data, always highlighting the already reset block for the recording process, while simultaneously distributing flash memory at an equal speed.

Of course, pre-reset blocks can not always be available. And although SSD knows how to redirect its pointers to pre-reset blocks, it does not know which blocks are marked by the operating system as " unused" It comes to the rescue tRIM team. TRIM command allows operating system Inform SSD about which blocks are available for pre-zero, to save time and quick recording process.

However, Trim does not always reliably delete the data. Since the SSD hardware controller itself decides which blocks to block, you cannot be completely confident that your SSD will perform the task. In addition, SSD use a small amount of unallocated space as a buffer during wear equalization process, essentially keeping record data. Unfortunately, this means that SSD is susceptible to a variety of data recovery methods.

How for sure to clean your ssd

Now that we definitely understand what is happening with our SSD, it is time to consider how to delete data on an ongoing basis.

There are several generally accepted methods and tools that are almost guaranteed fully erased your SSD.

Delete using software

The first method is the use of Secure Erase. Secure Erase. - This is a process in which all memory cells are overwritten by simple " zeros"He has a very high level Success, but some studies have shown that the team is poorly implemented, and therefore the data remain on the disk.

Many manufacturers of solid-state drives are developing hardware controls that have Secure Erase functions:

• Samsung Magician.
• INTEL SOLID STATE TOOLBOX
• Ocz Toolbox.
• Corsair SSD Toolbox.
• SSD SANDISK Toolkit

Disk Erase using parted Magic

Many experts are advised to use Parted Magic. Parted Magic is a whole Linux distribution kit, which presents all ways to delete discs and managing partitions.

Parted Magic. - Linux boot medium, that is, you install it on a USB drive and download the computer from there.

Here is a brief list of what you need to do:

1. Download PARTED MAGIC and create an installation USB drive with.
2. Load your computer from the disk and select the option 1 "Default Settings".
3. After loading (in the lower left corner)\u003e " Service»> « Erase».
4. Select " Interior: Safe erase", Which writes zeros in the entire data area, and then select the disk you want to erase on the next screen.
5. If you were told that the disk " frozen"You will need to press the button" Sleep"And repeat this process until you can continue. If your disk indicates a password requirement, type the password " NULL».
6. Confirm that you read and understood the risks, then click " Yes"To remove your drive.

Cleaning the disk using PSID Revert

In some cases, SSD cannot be erased due to hardware encryption. In these specific cases, the identifier of the physical safety of the device can sometimes use ( PSID) To take PSID Revert. Psid Revert effectively cryptographically disk, and then resets it to factory settings.

Psid Revert. erases the entire disk. This process also works if the hardware disk is encrypted, but not encrypted using third-party software. Learn whether your PSID Revert is supported by following the Internet search for "[Your Disk Name] PSID Revert".

Methods safe deletion Should theoretically delete all data from the disk from the first time. But, as several studies have shown, poorly implemented or erroneous versions of Secure Erase can lead to data leaving intact. This data can be restored. The best way for sure to delete the data is to complete at least two complete Secure Erase process to ensure that each SSD cell will be fully overwritten.

Otherwise, if you certainly do not prepare the disc for sale, but you want with 100% the result erase all the data on it, just hit it a couple of times with a hammer. Please note that it will destroy not only the contents of the disk, but also the drive itself. But at least you will be sure that the data compromising you will be irretrievably lost.

Did you restore the data from your SSD? Did you try to safely erase the data? Write about it in the comments!

Imagine the situation: data from SSD retired, or a solid-state drive failed. Is it possible to restore the information? Consider what programs the data is restored with SSD Disca, and when it is possible.

A bit of theory

Only the index is deleted on the traditional HDD. OS marks file system entry in the file system to declare these blocks available. They record other information, but the old data remains available. Therefore, they. Real contents remain in this sector, new data will not be written.

What happens when removing

Data is written in empty NAND Cells. When the OS is removed, refers to the SSD controller, passing the Trim command (delete). What is this team?
Trim - ATA interface technology (used to connect drives). Reports OS which cells with information can be cleaned by the disk. It instantly deletes the contents of the blocks without notifying the user. Such a mechanism makes it impossible.
If SSD is embedded in a PC via SATA and it is OS, or used as an additional file storage - to restore lost information will not work. Cause - TRIM command. When deleting the controller receives a command to physically delete information in the block at the same time.
Consider cases when it is possible to recover data from SSD discs.

When recovery is possible

1. TRIM command was not completed: failure file System;
2. Trim is not supported by the old OS, below Windows 7;
3. The disk is used as an external drive;
4. TRIM command is not supported by the device;
5. Disc is formatted in Fat;
6. In case of failure in the table of disk partitions. Lost access to information, but the Trim command will not start.

How to know that the disc broke

If the device does not work, the following happens:

1. Constant tapping or buzz;
2. The software is not installed, the games do not start. Associated with the advent of the BAD sectors
3. An error "File system is damaged" appears.

How to recover

Install the Renee Undeleter program. Press the LCM on the installation "EXE" file to start the installation. It is simple will not cause difficulties even from novice users. The program offers to use four recovery options:

The next step is to select the device.
If you know what files you need to restore, select the user settings. This will reduce the scan time. Otherwise, select the default.
After scanning, deleted files will appear.
Restore the desired data.

Hetman Recovery.

Download the utility from the official site. Thanks to the built-in master, the work will not cause difficulties even from unprepared users. It will show a sequence of actions.
After opening the program, the list of all HDD will appear. Even those that are not defined by the system. Display as not marked areas.
Run the master. By clicking on the "Wizard" button.
Select the desired disk.
Determine how the program will analyze the data. Two options are offered: fast or full. For SSD, use the second option "FULL".
Run the scan. After completing it, restore the files by clicking on "Recovery".

Data recovery from SSD hard disk program DMDE

Download the app from the official site. Free version has a limit. Restores files one by one. Run the program, select the media from which you want to restore information.
The utility will analyze the SSD structure, displays the sections information. Select the desired one to "open".
In the left part of the program, select "Found", install "Clean" to the right in the parameters, then put the value "Enable deleted".
Found files The program will celebrate the cross. Select those that need to be restored, specify the directory where the program will save the recovered information.

Advanced Search

After selecting, click the "Full Scan" button.
Further:

When you command the MFT read errors, press the "OK" button. A further analysis will be made.

AdvancedDiskRecovery.

Download the utility at: https://www.systweak.com/advanced-disk- examscovery/. Run the installation "EXE" file for installation.
The program window opens where:
Going to the "Settings" section, select Scan Type:

1. Fast. Search for remote information based on the file table;
2. Full. Definition remote files By signature.

Output

We looked at how to restore data from a SSD disk. Use for this the applications described above. I recommend using the use of Hetman Partition. Thanks to the embedded master, the recovery process will not cause difficulties.

We produce data recovery with SSD all brands: Kingston, Ocz, Transcend, Intel, Corsair, Silicon Power, Patriot, A-Data, Crucial, Western Digital., SAMSUNG, APACER, etc.

SSD (Solid State Drive) - are high-speed data storage devices based on Nand Flash memory. They have volumes and speeds close to values \u200b\u200bwith HDD, but at the same time do not have mechanical parts, which allows them to easily transfer various external physical impacts, such as vibrations, blows, falls, etc.

By its structure, the SSD disc is almost identical to conventional flash drives. It has several Nand Flash chips and control controller. Differences are that the SSD uses a faster memory type and controllers that can work in parallel with a multitude of memory chips.

Prices for data recovery services with SSD discs

How do we restore data from SSD

Data recovery with SSD drives consists of several stages:
Major faults arising from SSD drives:

1. physical damage SSD drives. This type includes damage to the interface connectors, damage to the controller and memory chips, the radio elements of the DISC card and the printed circuit board as a result of mechanical or electrical influences.
2. logic Damage to the SSD File System, erroneous deletion of information, formatting. When working S. SSD drivesand software malfunctions may occur, resulting in the fact that the user data may not be available or damaged.
3. damage in the area of \u200b\u200bservice information SSD diskused by the controller in the operation of the broadcast mechanism. The SSD drive is present areas that are used by the drive for official purposes. They do not participate in the storage of user data, but the damage to the information in them leads to the complete loss of the drive's performance.

Data recovery with SSD disks are much more complex and time-consuated process relative to ordinary flash drives. A significant increase in the number of memory chips in the SSD disk multiple times increases the number possible options Action at each stage of data recovery. Due to the fact that SSD drives are subject to significantly more stringent requirements for all basic characteristics than to conventional flash drives, the technologies used in them and methods of working with information are also more complex. Because of what data recovery from any SSD requires an individual approach to each case and the presence of specialized equipment.

Read more familiar with the equipment applicable to restore data from SSD drives, you can by clicking on

The abbreviation SSD is decrypted as Solid-State Drive. That, in fact, it is translated - a solid-state drive. Its feature is that it does not contain mobile mechanical parts: inside only fees and chips, with the help of which record, storage and reading information occur.

The history of SSD began for quite a long time. For the first time some similarity was able to implement StorageTek in 1985. But at that time high price And the low technostility of components did not allow massively to implement solutions to the masses, and it was also particularly an answer, for which you need a quick SSD disc in the computer if interfaces and peripherals still worked slowly. But in the early 2010s, the popularity of SSD has greatly increased. Now almost every new laptop comes with SSD or a hybrid configuration with hard disk. Next, we will look at what it is - SSD in a laptop or stationary computer.

What is needed by an SSD drive in the computer

SSD is no different from HDD in its destination. It is designed to perform the same function - to store data, operating system, paging files, and the like. Naturally, this replacement is more expensive if we translate count on a gigabyte / ruble. More than probably, in the near future the situation will change.

Laptop SSD hard disk device and computer

No difference between what SSD is in a laptop and stationary computer is essentially not. It may be similar to an HDD housing, or be made in the form of a board for installation in a M.2 connector. If you disassemble SSD or look at the fee, it is very similar to the design on the usual USB flash drive. In general, SSD is a big flash drive, with the same work principle.

Controls the entire device controller that distributes data on cells, monitors their condition, deleting and in general performs all functions similar to the functions of the processor in the computer.

The memory itself is a flash memory, the same as on flash drives. The SSD uses the NAND type, which characterizes the three-dimensional layout of the conductors, where a number of cells are used at the intersection.

According to the data recording method, two types of implementation differ in the cell: SLC - Single-Level Cell and MLC - MULTI-LEVEL CELL. As you can guess, in the first case, only one bit is written to one cell, in the second - several. Now from MLC, another type was released, the name of which was well established, although it enters into a subset of this type - TLC, Triple-Level Cell.

There are a number of advantages and disadvantages of each implementation. MLC is cheaper in terms of the volume / price ratio. It does hDD SSD is cheaper in the end, which affects both the choice of consumers. But the recording structure of several layers imposes restrictions on the number of recording cycles and performance. The more investment levels are used, the more difficult it becomes an algorithm for working with cells and less resource. SLC is proportionally more expensive, has a large resource and performance.

Problems with the resource and reliability of memory The manufacturers are solved using algorithms that allow you to control the process of using cells: the recording is made in those parts of the memory that were used less frequently. Another approach is used - memory reservation. Almost every SSD leaves about 20% of memory "about the supply to replenish it from there in case of cell loss.

SSD disk operation principle

Probably, many know how the usual hard drive works - the magnetic head runs from the beginning to the edge of the rotating disk and reads the data from the tracks. The main problem of magnetic disks is too much time to position the head on the site with the desired data. And if the file is also broken into several pieces along different sites, the time of reading or recording process is also increased at all.

To understand what is SVD DIS, you need to know the principle of its action. To access the data for reading or to record the system, you only need to know the address. Then the controller simply returns data blocks. Time is spent only on the search for the address and data transfer - literally milliseconds.

Types of hard solid discs

By types of SSD, you can characterize the form factor and the type of interface. Form factors are found three main:

• 2.5 ". The disk is closed in a 2.5-inch case. Provides compatibility almost between all kinds of systems: laptops, servers, PCs.

• Like a separate PCIE slot board. Provides good speed and reliability, uses the PCI Express interface.

• M.2. About new formatpresented mainly in the form of a board that is installed directly on motherboard In the M.2 connector, which is very compact. Such an SSD can occur in three different versions depending on the length: 2242, 2260, 2280. The last two digits mean a length in mm.

There are several more formats that are rare and needed for a narrow spectrum of tasks, for example 1.8 ", 3.5" or MSATA.

In the interfaces it is more difficult in the interfaces. Here - porridge in standards and specifications. Let's start with the taller - SATA. To date, there are three main revisions and two additional. SATA - supports up to 1.5 Gb / s. Now meets less and less. SATA II - up to 3 Gb / s. SATA III - up to 6 Gbps. SATA 3.2 revision received an additional Express console. It has speed up to 8 Gbps and backward compatible with other SATA, as well as the most interesting, based on the PCI Express interface. The interface can be implemented both in the form factors of 2.5 inches and in M.2.

With the PCI-E interface is slightly simpler. It is implemented mainly in M.2 at SSD. It is worth noting that PCI can be multichannel. The more channels - the faster speed data transmission.

General Characteristics SSD (Solid State Disk)

Let's look at the basic characteristics by which SSD can be identified, we will analyze what it is, and compare with HDD.

Interface and Form Factor

We have already told a little about it. Now consider it in the context of choice and relevance for different systems. With interfaces, everything is simple - the most productive is now considered to be ESATA, which in specifications in some stores and manufacturers can be designated as PCI-E. Today it is the fastest interface.

The form factor must be chosen depending on the type of PC - laptop or stationary. In stationary for compactness, you can use M.2, which will take a little space on the board and does not require additional nutrition. New laptops are also supported by M.2. For older, the form factor is 2.5 inches.

Capacity and disk speed

SSD containers are quite expensive. The most budget version of SSD on 32 GB can be bought for about 1500 rubles, while HDD for the same money will already have a volume of 160 GB. As for speed, then everything is not so unequivocal. Very often, the speed of reading and writing data in the specifications to disks is strongly overestimated. And not necessarily only from little-known small companies, but even in eminent brands. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on reviews and measurements of reputable services and testers.

Memory chip type

Interestingly, now both types of memory - MLC and SLC are almost the same in terms of performance, and on the recording / overwriting resource. Much depends on the implementation of a particular manufacturer. Before buying each specific model We would recommend to watch tests and reviews for these gadgets.

Leading manufacturers SSD disks for PC

The top is well-known manufacturers of drives. Something special for their implementation does not differ. Moreover, Samsung or Intel controllers can be found not only in their own drives, but also in devices of competitors. Main names in the top:

• Samsung. Produce a SSD wide spectrum for a variety of tasks;
• Western Digital. One of the oldest manufacturers of media. Produces three different ranges of drives - Green, Blue and Black;
• Intel. Everything is clear here. Reliability and quality;
• Transcend. Known mostly with their flash drives. Now release and full SSD.

What ssd disk is better to buy

If the budget is not limited, then there are no problems. If each ruble on the account, then it is better to approach the question thoroughly. Let's look at a couple of models that you should pay attention to.

The type of memory in it is used by TLC type. The declared read / write speed is 540/520 MB / s. The total storage capacity is 120 GB. A total of 75 TB data can be written to the disk. On average, users write to their disk from 5 to 30 GB per day, which gives about 10 TB per year. Thus, the resource of this SSD must be enough for about 7.5 years. The SATA interface is used to connect. You can buy a disc for 3,600 rubles. And its form factor 2.5 inches will allow it to use it in the "stationary", and in a laptop.

But a couple of reviews about him:

Review about samsung ssd 850

Review about samsung ssd 850

Read more on Yandex.Market: https://market.yandex.ru/product/1973235126/reviews?track\u003dtabs

If the first place is the compactness and saving of the place, then you can consider SSD with M.2. In the range of 5,000 rubles you can buy Intel SSDPEKKW128G8XT.

This disk with the M.2 connector and the size of 2280. It is necessary to consider that there should be more than 80 mm to be free from the connector to the nearest component. Memory type - TLC. Total disk size - 120 GB. This disc is interesting in that it is connected using the PCI-E interface with 4 channels through the M.2 connector. And this means that the bus does not limit the capabilities of SSD and fully allows you to issue excellent write speed and reading - which, by the way, are declared by a 650 MB / s manufacturer to record and 1640 MB / s to read. The total resource is 72 TB of data. There is a device of 4290 rubles.

Read more on Yandex.Market: https://market.yandex.ru/product/1974689676/reviews?Track\u003dTabs

Intel SSDPEKKW128G8XT.

In general, prices are more than 5,000 rubles in their essence do not imply large jumps in terms of performance. Only the total volume of the disk is changing. By the way, for SSD, the volume indicator affects durability. For example, a 120 GB disc with a daily record of 30 GB will last about 7.5 years. With the same rhythm of the record, a device with a volume of 500 GB should last 4 times longer.

You can give this: you need a disc only for system and programs - you can choose a smaller, 60 or 120 GB, and on the other HDD store all data, movies, pictures, etc. If you plan to store everything on one SSD, it is better to immediately choose it more. PCI-E interfaces are more expensive than SATA, but not limited in speed, therefore, if the budget allows you to choose the PCI-E interface.

Answers to frequently asked questions about SSD disk

During its existence, SSD managed to miss myths and legends, as well as constant issues. Several of them we will look at.

Special operating rules

Many are confident that proper use Disc can increase its service life. This includes various optimization - disabling caches, indexing, paging file, defraggmenting. In fact, largely these actions will not affect the SSD resource. Rather, decline overall productivity By disconnecting the functional, it will be less justified than the total gigabyte oversized by a couple of dozen.

The only thing that can be advised is to make backups: save your important data on alternative media - cloud or other disk. Although this Council is applicable to all media in principle.

Than SSD is different from HDD

The speed of reading and writing, shock and vibration resistance, noise level, energy consumption and weight. These are the main advantages of SSD before HDD.

What is Trim in SSD

Trim is an instruction for ATA interfaces, which allows the operating system to report the disk about which blocks of memory can not be used and read empty. Why does she need SSD drives? It was introduced due to the specifics of the solid-state disks. When recording new data into a cell, SSD cannot simply take and replace old data to new ones. It has to first read the data into the cache, clean the cell, and then write down - at the same time the speed of access is reduced by times. Trim decided this problem. The system and the drive are constantly exchanged information about which cells are no longer needed, and the TRIM signal produces zeroing these cells. Upon the next SSD record, it is simply just immediately writes data to it.

Does SSD need for games

Also, not everything is so simple. First, the significant increase in FPS in games from using SSD can not be expected. Actual solid-state drive will be with starting loads of worlds and levels - locations will be loaded faster. There is a chance that CZD drive can help in cases where performance rests on random access memoryWhen this data is discarded into the paging file. But to change in such a situation of HDD on SSD instead of increasing the "RAM" - dubious pleasure.

By the way, there is an interesting video testing of popular games on different disks: