Computer system software ppt. System software presentation. Application packages

"Archive" - ​​8. Rights to sections For groups and individual users Inheritance. Document storage. Assignments, tasks and business processes. Automation of internal document flow. 12. Types of documents. 10. Organization of the educational process. Key features. Alexander Bezborodov, head of the department for the development of document management programs.

"Programs" - Computer viruses and antivirus software... Support for networking. Operating room Linux system created by a Finnish student. Menu bar: Student viruses. Programs can run in the background. What is a program? Programming systems. Example: C: \ Program Files \ Borland \ Delphi7 \ project.exe.

"Software Development" - Cancel the order. Implementation. J4. Internal structure for describing maturity levels. [Product selected]. Second phase - structural approach to programming. Sales department. Department. J2. Safety system?

"Program features" - High speed! Graphic editor. Writing cd and dwd. Perhaps manual removal records of installed programs from system registry... But they don't make stupid mistakes. It is possible to transfer files between servers bypassing the local host. Compression ratio for ZIP format 2-10% higher than PKZip / WinZip.

"Software" - Portability (mobility) is proposed to reflect: adaptability; ease of installation - installation; substitutability.

"Computer programs" - Application software. Author Sadykova I.Kh. Software configuration levels. Programming languages. Data processing on a computer. Why do you need an operating system? The user was able to edit and format text documents... The information processing process consisted of operations on numerical data.

system software (programs common use),
performing various auxiliary
functions, such as making copies of the used
information, issuance reference information O
computer, checking the functionality of devices
computer, etc.
application software that ensures the execution
required work on a PC: editing
text documents, drawing or
pictures, processing of information arrays and
etc.
instrumental software (programming systems),
ensuring the development of new programs for
computer in the programming language.

System software

These are public programs not associated with a specific
using a PC and perform traditional functions:
scheduling and task management, input management
conclusion, etc.
System software includes:
operating systems (this program is loaded into RAM
when you turn on the computer)
shell programs (provide a more convenient and
a visual way of communicating with a computer than using
DOS command line like Norton Commander)
operating shells - interface systems that
are used to create graphical interfaces,
multiprogramming, etc.

Drivers (programs designed for
control of ports of peripheral devices,
usually loaded into RAM when
start the computer)
utilities (auxiliary or service
programs that present to the user
a number of additional services)
The utilities include:
file managers or file managers
dynamic data compression
(allow you to increase the amount of information by
disk due to its dynamic compression)

viewers and playback tools
diagnostic tools; controls allow
check your computer configuration and check
the performance of computer devices before
total hard drives
means of communication (communication
programs) are designed to organize the exchange
information between computers
computer security tools
(backup, anti-virus software).

Application software

Packages application programs Is a system
programs that by scope
are divided into problem-oriented,
packages general purpose and integrated
packages. Modern integrated
packages contain up to five functional
components: test and tabular
processor, DBMS, graphics editor,
telecommunication facilities.

Application software

Application software includes, for example:
Set office applications MS OFFICE
Accounting systems
Financial analytical systems
Integrated office suites
CAD - systems (automated
design)
HTML or Web editors
Browsers - Web Viewers
Graphic editor

Instrumental software

Tooling software or systems
programming are systems for
automation of the development of new programs
in the programming language.
Borland Delphi - designed to solve
practically any task of applied
programming
Microsoft Visual C ++ - This tool allows
develop any applications running in
OS environment like Microsoft Windows

File systems

All modern operating systems provide the creation
file system which is intended for
storing data on disks and providing
access to them.
The main functions of the file system can be
divided into two groups:

File systems

Functions for working with files (creating,
delete, rename files, etc.)
Functions for working with data that
stored in files (write, read, search
data, etc.)

File systems

To the function of servicing the file structure
include the following operations occurring
governed by operating system:
creating and naming files;
creating directories (folders) and assigning them
names;
renaming files and directories
(folders); copying and moving files
between computer disks and between directories
(folders) of one disk;

File systems

deleting files and directories (folders);
navigating the file structure with a target
access to the specified file, directory (folder);
file attributes management.

Integrated systems

Integrated packages are
a set of several software products,
combined into a single convenient tool.
The most advanced ones include
text editor, organizer, electronic
table, DBMS, support tools
email creation program
presentation graphics.

CASE technologies

CASE (Computer-Aided Software)
Engineering) - a set of tools and methods
software engineering for design
software that helps
to provide high quality programs,
error-free and easy to maintain
software products. Also under CASE
understand the totality of methods and means
designing information systems with
using CASE tools.

CASE technologies

Development automation tools
programs (CASE tools) - tools
automation of design processes and
software development for
systems analyst, software developer and
programmer

CASE technologies

analysis tools - designed for
building and analyzing a subject model
area;
database design tools;
application development tools;

CASE technologies

process reengineering tools
(fundamental rethinking and
radical redesign of business processes to maximize
the effect of industrial and economic and
financial and economic activities,
formalized by the relevant
organizational and administrative and
regulatory documents. Reengineering
uses specific means
presentation and processing of problematic
information that is understandable to both managers and
developers of information systems.);

CASE technologies

planning and management tools
project;
testing tools;
documentation tools.

• Software (SW) is a set of special programs that allow organizing information processing using a PC.
• Types of software:

System software

Application software

Programming systems (software tools)

• Since the functioning of a PC is impossible without software, it is an integral part of any computer.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

System software is a set of programs that ensure the performance of a computer (a set of programs that manage RAM, processor, external devices and files conducting a dialogue with the user). The main part of the system software is the operating system (OS). The operating system has a lot of work: in order to open any program, it must be found on the hard disk, placed in RAM, having found free space there, "start" the processor to execute the program, control the operation of all devices while the program is running, and in case of failures, carry out diagnostics and display a message for the user.

The most common operating systems are:

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

Interactive mode:

The OS displays a prompt for some action. In response, the user issues a specific command. This can be an operation with files (copy, delete), a command to inform current date or time, etc.

Service programs:

Disk maintenance programs (copying, formatting, "curing", etc.);

Disk compression programs (archivers);

Computer virus control programs.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Programs with which the user can solve their problems without resorting to programming are called application programs.

All users prefer to have a set of applications that almost everyone needs. They are called GENERAL USE PROGRAMS.

These include:

• These include:

Text and graphic editor(you can write, draw);

Database management systems (DBMS) (various reference books);

Tabular processors allowing for calculations;

Communication (network) programs designed to exchange information with other computers, united in a computer network.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

In addition, there is a large number of special-purpose applications for professional activities. They are often called

APPLICATION PACKAGES.

This is, for example:

Accounting programs,

Computer-aided design systems,

Training programs in various subjects,

Programs for work on various medical

devices (ultrasound, etc.).

Tooling software or programming systems (SP)

Systems for the development of new programs in a programming language. It is a tool for a programmer's job. Each joint venture is focused on a specific programming language.

There are many programming languages: Pascal, Fortran, C, assembler, etc. In these languages, a programmer writes programs, and with the help of programming systems he brings them into a computer, debugs, tests, and executes.

Binding

Translation and subsequent steps to prepare a program for execution are the process of converting a program written in some formal language into another formal system - a computer architecture, in which it can be executed (interpreted). To understand this process, as well as the differences in different programming languages, the concept of binding is introduced, as well as binding time.

Binding is the process of establishing a correspondence between objects and their properties in a program in a formal language (operations, operators, data) and elements of a computer's architecture (commands, addresses).

Binding time the phase of preparing the program for execution (translation, linking, loading), in which this action is performed, is called, respectively. Various characteristics the same object (for example, a variable) can be associated with different elements of the architecture in different time, that is, the linking process is not one-step.

Systemic software

Possible binding times

When determining the language; when implementing a compiler;

during the broadcast, including:

when the preprocessor (macroprocessor) is running

during lexical, syntactic and semantic analysis, code generation and optimization;

when composing; while loading the program;

during program execution, including: when entering a module (procedure, function); at an arbitrary point in the program execution.

System software

Linking to int a, b; ... a + b

The type of int variables is an integer variable in a machine word of standard length (signed integer representation, complementary code), associated with a similar form of data representation in a computer when defining a language.

The specific dimension of an int variable is determined by the implementation of the corresponding compiler.

The name a can be defined in a construction like

#define a 0x11FF. In this case, the name (pseudo-variable) is associated with its value at the first translation phase - in the preprocessor.

System software

Linking to int a, b; ... a + b

If a variable is defined in the usual way as int a; then the binding of the variable with the corresponding type occurs during translation (at the phase of semantic analysis).

If a variable is defined as external (global, outside the body of the function), then the meaning of its translation is to allocate memory for it in the program data segment, which is created for the current module (file). In this case, the very binding of distributed memory to a specific random access memory is carried out in several stages:

System software

Linking to int a, b; ... a + b

during translation, the variable is bound to some relative address in the data segment of the object module (that is, its location is fixed only relative to the beginning of the module).

when linking, the data and command segments of different object modules are combined into a common program file, which is a memory image of the program. In it, the variable receives already a relative address from the beginning of the entire program.

when loading a program into a certain area of ​​memory, it may not be located from the very beginning of this area. In this case, the addresses of the variables specified in relative addresses from the beginning of the program module to memory addresses are linked, taking into account the movement of the program module.

System software

Linking to int a, b; ... a + b

if the program runs in virtual rather than physical memory, the loading process may be slightly different. A program module is conventionally considered loaded into a certain virtual address space (with or without moving both the entire program and its individual segments). The actual loading of the program into memory is carried out already in the process of running the program in parts (segments, pages), and the establishment of the correspondence (or linking) of virtual and physical addresses is carried out dynamically by the operating system using the appropriate hardware.

System software

Linking to int a, b; ... a + b

If a variable is defined as automatic (local inside the body of a function or block), then it is placed on the program stack:

during translation, its dimension is determined and commands are generated that reserve memory for it on the stack at the moment of entering the function body (block). That is, during translation, the variable is associated only with a relative address in the program stack;

binding of a local variable with its address in the stack segment is carried out at execution at the moment of entering the function body (block). Because of this way of binding, there are as many “instances” of local variables in a recursive function as the number of times the function calls itself.

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Presentation for the lesson was created by: teacher of informatics MCOU "Basinskaya OOSH" Anna Andreevna Gaidukova * *

2 slide

A printer; CPU; Keyboard; Flash memory; Monitor; RAM; CD-ROM drive. Without which of the following devices, the computer cannot work: * *

3 slide

Determine the possible volume of the following media using the indicated answer options (1.44 MB, 700 MB, 120 GB, 512 MB, 4.7 GB): CD-R; DVD-R; Flash memory; Diskette; Hard magnetic disk. * *

4 slide

Fill in the table * * Device Action with information (storage, input, output, processing) Processor RAM Hard disk CD-RW Keyboard Monitor Printer

5 slide

Andrey has a TETRIS game on his computer hard drive. His friend Kolya does not have such a game. What Andrey needs to do so that Kolya can do his home computer play this game (please note that Kolya's computer is not connected to the Internet)? * *

6 slide

* Computer software Operating system - ensures the joint functioning of all computer devices and provides the user with access to its resources using the graphical interface of the OS. Device Drivers - special programs that control the operation of computer devices and coordinate information exchange with other devices (each device has its own driver). *

7 slide

* Functions of the operating system Testing of individual nodes of hardware, memory and other hardware components Pairing an application program with hardware (for this, special programs - drivers are used) Using a computer in multi-program mode (i.e. several programs can be executed simultaneously), while the OS monitors the distribution of internal resources and the sequence of command execution For the convenience of the user with a computer, an interface is used - a set of tools and rules for interaction between a computer and a person *

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9 slide

* Installing the operating system Installing the operating system - the operating system files are copied from the distribution disk to HDD computer. Operating system files are stored in non-volatile memory on a hard disk called the system disk. An operating system, like other programs, can run if it is located in the computer's RAM. Therefore, it is necessary to download OS files from system disk into RAM. *

10 slide

* Booting the operating system Booting the operating system starts in one of three cases - after: turning on the power of the computer; pressing the Reset button on system unit computer; simultaneous pressing of a combination of keys on the keyboard: (Ctrl) + (Alt) + (Del) In the process of loading the OS: testing the operability of the processor, memory and other devices; Brief diagnostic messages about the testing process are displayed on the monitor screen after the OS has finished loading, the user is able to control the computer using the OS graphical interface. *

11 slide

12 slide

* Standard programs OS Windows Paint - a graphic editor that allows you to create, view and edit drawings or scanned photographs Imaging - used to view and edit graphic files, for example, digital drawings or scanned photographs Calculator - an electronic calculator is an analogue of a conventional hand-held calculator Notepad - a text editor used for creation and editing text files simple format WordPad - a text editor used to create and format text files with complex formatting *

13 slide

* Application software An application is a program that makes it possible to process text, graphic, numerical, audio and video information, to work in computer networks without knowing programming. The application runs under a specific operating system. Types of applications: 1. General-purpose applications (calculators, spreadsheets, text, sound and graphics editors, multimedia players, databases, presentation development programs, communication programs, etc.). 2. Applications for special purposes (accounting programs, encyclopedias, training programs, automatic translation systems, programming systems, computer games etc.) *