What are the methods of formatting a document. How to format text in "Word": Basic Rules. Formatting text document and styles in Word

IN modern means Text document preparations are used two types of design structural elements of text. This is a direct design when formatting is applied to a pre-dedicated fragment using the menu commands and design using "style".

Consider a Read more Direct formatting process. Each document created by the text processor means has some default design as the basis. A set of parameters (or design attributes), as well as their specific values \u200b\u200bare determined by the text processor program.

For example, text processor Word For Windows, the default offers the following document design parameters:

· Symbols: normal saturation, Kehal 10 points;

· Paragraphs: without indents, leveled left, through one interval;

· Tab the value: 0.5 inches (or 1.27 cm);

· Document printed page size: A4 format (210 mm by 297 mm);

· Text boundaries on the printed page: left and right fields - 3.17 cm, upper and lower - 1.5 cm.

Thus, each document is created by an existing document template.

There are three types of prose application formatting:

· Symbolic (or font design);

· Formatting a paragraph of the document;

· Registration (layout) of pages or document sections.

Standard symbolic design parameters are:

· Type (headset) font;

· Kehal (magnitude) of the font;

· Inscription Liter (ordinary, bold, italic, bold italics);

· Underline;

· Color symbols;

· Location of characters relative to the line support line (upper and lower index).

Paragraph is one of the main structural elements of the prosaic document. Usually, the new paragraph in the text is formed when the "ENTER" key is pressed on the keyboard when typing. In this case, the input cursor goes to new string and set to the position of the left retirement of the next paragraph. The retirement position depends on the settings for setting the specific text processing system. A set of paragraphs of paragraph formatting, similar to the set of symbolic formatting attributes, depends on the specific SPTD, in which the text document is manufactured. The most common can be attributed:

· Indents for strings;

· Arctic intervals;

· Framing and color text background;

· Location of paragraph text on adjacent pages of the document.

If the text preparation system is used to create and design a multi-page document, then formatting pages or sections is applied. New structural elements may appear in the text: bookmarks, footnotes, cross-references, footers.

Under the bookmark (Bookmark), or the label is understood as a specific fragment of the text of the document to which the user assigns the name. In the future, the tab in a multi-page document can be used for:

· Fast transition to the place of document marked by the bookmark;

· Creating cross-references in the document.

Sometimes the document contains additions to the main text, substitution notes. Substitution notes are drawn up with footnotes. The composition of the substitcher notes includes two inextricably linked items: a footnote sign and text itself. The sign of the footnote is mainly the text of the place to which the note relates, and at the beginning of the most notes. It is recommended to use a footnote sign in the form of arabic digits in the text material, and in digital - in the form of letters or signs.

Cross reference is an indication that offers a document to the reader to refer to another fragment of the text or the figure contained in the text. For example: "Return to" Basic text editing functions "(page ###).

In the event of a change in the name of the section or displace it to another page as a result of the document editing, such text must be changed manually. The most powerful text preparation systems allow you to automatically track the process of change due to cross-references to text elements marked specially as bookmarks, headlines, footnotes, drawings or formulas.

Footer (Running Head) is called the same text for a group of pages ( graphic image) Located outside the main text of the document on the fields of the printed page. There is a top (header) footer, which is located above the text of the document and the bottom (Footer), located below the main text. The sequence numbers of the pages are fitted. They are called colonphians.

The standard parameters for designing the pages of the document are:

· Page fields;

· Print sheet size and text orientation on paper;

· Location of footers;

· The number of columns of the text (newspaper style).

    open the edited document and change the style "ordinary" on "without interval", for this click on the "without interval" button in the style group;

    install the font (font headset) Times New Roman, the size of 12 points - allocate all the text, bring the mouse pointer to it and select the font: Times New Roman and the size of 12 points in the reached mini-panel of tools.

    align the text in width, for this we highlight all the text and click on the button in the width in the paragraph group;

    we establish an indentation of the first line, for this we highlight the text, click on the paragraph button and in the dialog box that opens, set the quantity of the first line of 1, 25 cm;

    add a header to text (my first document), we set the header level: Title 1 and align it in the center, for this we highlight the title, click on the header button 1 in the Styles group (the title is formatted using the built-in header 1 titles style), and then on the button in the center in the paragraph group;

    in the first paragraph, a fragment of the text (my first document) setting the draw - italics, underlined, for this we highlight the specified fragment and click on the buttons italics and underlined;

    install the size of the page fields: upper and lower - 2 cm, left - 2.5 cm, the right - 1.5 cm, for this, on the "page markup" tab, click on the page of the page parameters dialog window in the page "Page Settings" .

Formatting text document

Document formatting is a change in its appearance. Word provides document formatting at five different levels:

 at the level of symbols (change in the headset, drawing, size and color of the font, the interbouquct interval in the word, animation, etc.)

 At the level of paragraphs (leveling along the left edge, on the right edge, in the center and in width; indents on the right and left; indenting the first line; indents before and after paragraph; arrear interval, managing breakdown on pages, etc.)

 at the page level (page parameters, page orientation, frame, first page footers, even and odd pages, etc.)

 At partitions (forming partitions from the next page or on the current page, splitting text on columns, etc.)

 At the document level (page numbers, table of contents, etc.).

The paragraph is a fragment of a text that ends with an unjustable symbol or fragment of the text, the process of entering which ends with pressing the Enter input key. The paragraph includes: paragraph of the main text, headlines, table of contents, lists (numbered and marked), etc. To format characters, the Font dialog box (format / font) is used or commands on the formatting toolbar. Paragraph formatting is carried out using the Paragraph dialog window, which opens with the format / paragraph command. You can view the formatting of the selected text in the task area by running the format / show formatting command.

      1. Search and replace fragments in document MS WORD Text Search

MICROSOFT WORD is possible quick search All occurrences of the specified word or phrase.

    On the tab Start page in a group Editing Select Team To find.

    In field To find Enter the text you want to find.

    Perform one of the following actions.

    To find each entry of the word or phrase, click Find below.

    To find all the entry of the specified word or phrase immediately, click Find all and select Find all.

Note To interrupt the search process, press the ESC key.

Microsoft Word.

Formatting text documents

Selection of fonts

One of the first characteristics that the user is usually and most often changes in the text - the type and size of the font. For example, although the TIMES group fonts look great on the screen, they may not be very good when printing and are definitely not recommended for documents intended for electronic reading or scanning. The easiest way to change the font is to refer to the formatting panel. There is a drop-down list of fonts. When it is rolled, the current type of font is visible in its window. By clicking on the window, we will receive a list of fonts available in the system.

The problem of this method is that the user, choosing a font, should know how it will look like. Therefore, it is recommended to make several additional clicks and use the Format menu font command. At the same time, you can not only select the type of font, previewing it, but also set some effects and attributes of the font, for example, its size and color, as well as its modifications - fat, italics, underlined, stressed, indexes, etc. In fig. 1 shows the font window and options available in it. Pay attention to the Interval tab with which you can set the gap between the font symbols.

Any of the settings can be selected to change the existing text by selecting the area of \u200b\u200binterest and then selecting the option.

Font size is measured in points. This term came from the printer industry. In one inches of 72 points, therefore, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe printed page, 1 mm high is fit, for example, 6 lines of text of 12 points in size.

Figure 1 Window Font with a list of installed fonts.

Consequently, the larger the font size at points, the higher (but not necessarily wider) there will be text literas.

One of the important points when choosing a font is a question whether the electronic version of the document will be distributed. If the document is intended for immediate printing on site and distribute printed copies, the font selection will not matter. However, if there is an electronic version of the document in the form of a file, then try to use system windows fonts, avoiding original fonts - addressees may not have such fonts. And if this happens, the document can take a strange or unreadable form at all, since Word will try to find a replacement for a missing font, and the replacement found will not always be satisfactory.

Work with retreats and page parameters

Another frequently used text change is the setting of indents. To do, it is possible for paragraph, moving on the markup range marker of the retirement to the desired position or making the appropriate settings in the dialog box of the paragraph. Installations and operations with markers have an effect for the current paragraph or a selected section of the text, and not for the document as a whole.

In another way, change the indents in the document (or in a separate part) - contact the File menu and select the Page Settings option. In fig. 3 shows the status of the Fields tab window of the page Parameters after performing the settings of the left indent and binding.

On the Fields tab, you can install the upper, lower, right, left indentation, as well as the area allocated for binding needs. The values \u200b\u200bof all parameters are counted from the edges of the page.


Figure 2 Example of changes in indents using ruler markers

Figure 3. Tab Fields Dialog window Page options


Below the indentation area on the tab, the windows of the upper and footer input windows are located. It should be remembered that the values \u200b\u200bof these parameters are also counted from the edges of the sheet; At the same time, the upper and lower indents are not taken into account. In other words, you need to monitor, for example, not to assign the printing of footers over the main text.

Below the fields on which it is clear how the installations will affect the page view, the list is located to apply: in which you can specify the changes to the entire document or only the remaining part of the current cursor position to the end.

On the right below is the check box. In fig. 4 It can be seen how the page's parameters window will change when this option is turned on, speaking that the document will be printed on both sides of the sheet. The example also has a binding size, which is marked inside the pages.

Figure 4. Page Settings window After switching on Mirror fields


On the Paper size tab, you can specify the size of the print page. Due to the fact that the parameters of the page setup are tied to the edges defined by its size, to operate with these values \u200b\u200bshould be very neat. The system offers several standard page sizes among which you can choose the appropriate.

Next page tab Page options - paper source. This tab is applied if the printer supports different methods Paper feed. If necessary, you can always change the installation. In this tab, you can also establish different ways of feeding paper for the first page and for other pages. This is usually done when the first page is printed on separate sheets, and the rest - on rolled paper.

Next tab - layout. It contains additional options Page markup. In fig. 5 shows the page Parameters window after pressing the Line Numbering button. The Layout tab allows you to set options for partitions and the structure of the vertical document. Often have to produce special settings Headers and footers. The document may have different columns (upper and lower) for even and odd pages (for example, as in books where the partition is specified on one side of the turn, and the chapter is on the other); You can also install another footer for the first page of the document.

Settings Numbering strings (Fig. 5) are very important in cases where references are needed by the line number (for example, in some legal documents) or when it is necessary to know the absolute position in the file. The ability to numbering strings can be used when programming. One of the possible applications may also be the creation of numbered lists, especially when these lists are very long.

Upper and footer

The footers are designed to represent repeating or periodic information, such as dates, page numbers at the top or bottom of the page.

The command for working with footers is in the View menu. Selecting the head option in this menu is activated by the screen shown in Fig. 6, where the document, except for the markup line, is equipped with another vertical column line and an additional toolbar.

On this screen, the text of the document becomes flexible; This means that it cannot be adapted until the user is engaged in installing the upper and lower footers. In the field of the top footer, you can prompt text, as well as insert a graphic image or field to automatically output the date or page number. The same applies to the area for entering the footer.

The button toolbar buttons are activated by various functions for footers with footers. The work in this toolbar begins usually with an extreme left button serving to switch between upper and downstream. The following two buttons are to go to the previous one and go to the next one. If there are several footers for different partitions, this button allows you to move between them. The next button is in the previous section, which allows you to copy the upper or footer from one partition to another.

Figure 5 Layout Layout with Line Numbering Window


Next, the page number follows the page number indicated by the page with the sign "#" on it. Button organizes a field reflecting current number pages. The field is inserted into the current cursor position. Similarly, the following two buttons create fields to output the date and the current time (also in the cursor position). Date and time are inserted into the document when printing.


Figure 6. Circuit mode.

Button Page Settings, located on the right, opens the page Parameters window open tab Layout, see fig. five). The next button is designed to hide the main text. This will help distinguish what belongs to the upper or downstream, and what is not.

And the last, extreme right button is the Close button. It is designed to return to mode before starting with footers. It hides the footers and allows you to continue editing the text.

Framing and fill.

Framing and fill are two functions that allow you to focus sections and areas in the document.

As in the case of many other Word functions, there are two ways to activate these functions. The first way is to use the extreme right button on the formatting panel (it is provided with a sign of a square with a crosshair of lines). When you click on this button, the Frame panel appears (Fig. 7).

Although the panel is called the framing, the list on the right end of the panel allows you to install the fill style also. You can also work with these functions through the Frame and Fill window from the format menu. Selecting this command will open the dialog window shown in Fig. eight.

Figure 7 Table and Border Panel


Figure 9. Border window tab and fill

In the window that opens schematically shows an example of the screen, which changes in which one can estimate how the choice of one or another option will affect it. You can set the distance from the text to the edging borders, the thickness and type of the edging line, as well as its color.

Similarly, by clicking on the Fill tab, you can access the section of the section filling options.

In addition to these tabs, Word window Frame contains the tab page in which are represented additional installations For registration of the pages of the document (Fig. 9).

Working with these tabs, you can combine their options and receive excellent results when you design.

Note. The whole cunning use of the considered options for the design of the text is to regulate. The use of these effects on focusing sections or objects of text more than once on the page may result in these allocations to stop attracting attention.

Speakers

Most newspapers, news letters, logs contain on the page more than one text column. Similarly, if there is a very large document and it needs to somehow smooth for readability, using Word you can create text columns. You can do this by selecting the Column Team format command. This opens the window shown in Fig. 10, in which there are many different settings for controlling columns.

In this window, the first three of five small windows allow you to choose a simple splitting text on one, two or three equal columns. The following two windows are designed to split text into two unequal columns with a shift to the left or right. If you select one of these two options, you can also specify the number of columns in the number of the columns located below these five options.

In the Width and interval of the column window, you can set the dimensions of each of the columns (if you want to use this formatting control level, for example, if you need to get one narrow column in the middle and two wide parties). But it usually happens quite equal in the width of the columns. To do this, set the column checkbox of the same width.

Figure 10. Speaker dialog box

In the Apply window, you can specify the window at the bottom of the window, these settings include all the documents or only to the part, starting with the current cursor position. FROM right side The screens are OK and Cancel buttons (Cancel), as well as the Separator checkbox, with which you can set the lines between the text columns. At the bottom of the right is the checkbox New columnwhich initiates the creation of columns from the text located after the current position of the cursor (you need to select the option to the end of the document in the Apply list).

One of the common ways to submit data is to create lists. However, when there are three or four elements in the list for each item, it is already difficult to submit such a list and it becomes unreadable. From this point of view, for a visual presentation of data, it makes sense to organize them in the table.

The simplest way to enter a table to the document is to contact the Table menu and select the Paste table option. This will open a dialog box in which you can determine simple table, Run the table master or use the AutoFormat function to convert a simple table to a more complex and attractive (Fig. 11).

If there is some text in the document, which, according to the user, will look good in the form of a table, you can use the convert Table to the menu table to convert this text to the table. In the Convert Table window, you need to specify the number of rows and columns of the table. In this window, a convenient case is also provided to use the AutoFormat option to make an attractive extrusion view of the table.

Options Frame and fill, discussed earlier in this chapter, can be useful to highlight the table on the document page.

Another way to quickly enter the table is to click the Insert table button on the standard toolbar (Fig. 12). By clicking this button (a window with a number of empty cells open) and not releasing the mouse button, extending the cursor, you can define the number of rows and columns of a new empty table. The rest of the formatting can be performed using the AutoFormat option.

Users who had to deal with texts on scientific topics (as well as all who wrote any abstracts) know what footnotes and notes are. The idea here is to mark some area, text and then below the text of the text explanation and comments on the marked text. Footnotes (ordinary) are printed at the bottom of the page, and comments (end footnotes) are given at the end of the document or book. Enter them into the text of the NE is complexity. You need to start with an indication of the position where the footnote or comment will stand. Then you need to select the Footnote option in the Insert menu for each footpath. The dialog box shown in fig. 13, where you can specify what this is speech - About foot or comment and establish indication for them. You can use both automatic numbering of markers and enter your characters.

After closing this window, the selected pointer will be placed in the specified text position. At the same time at the bottom of the Word screen, the following window will open, in which you can print information for the footnote.

The information entered in this window is attached to the footnote pointer. When printing a document, the footnotes are numbered and inserted at the end of the pages or at the end of the document.

Notes and corrections

Those who are often working on documents drawn up by other people are likely to do in the text comments and corrections. The use of notes and Word corrections will help to do this without breaking the original text.

Notes can otherwise call electronic notes. They are saved as separate information attached to the text and which you can view at any time. To enter notes, you need to set the cursor to the text position to which the note will relate. Then in the Select menu, select the Note command. A pointer will be placed in the cursor position and the window will open containing the field for entering the notes (see Fig. 14). In this window, you can also enter the name of the author's notes.

The annotation window has a button with a pictogram depicting a compact cassette. If the microphone is connected to the computer, then by clicking on this icon you can write a voice note. You can view Note by double-clicking on its pointer or selecting the Notes command in the View menu.

Corrections are used for binding to text more "effective" comments. Applying them, the document reader can make changes to the document; Then the document developer or third party can decide whether to adopt it proposed changes or leave the original version of this area of \u200b\u200bthe document.

To activate the functions, you need to select the Correction Command or double-click the Status Row panel. The Fix dialog box opens.

In this window, you can choose a number of options that control the character of the patch representation. You can also use the Compare version feature to compare the current document with another file. The merging fix button allows, taking notes and corrections from one document, apply them to another document. To start recording fixes, you need to check the checkbox to write fixes to stop recording - read this check box. Button Settings Opens a window in which you can specify the methods for marking corrections.

Topic 2.4. Database Management Systems and Expert Systems

2.4.11. Educational database with the main keyboard form "Training_students" - download

Microsoft Word - Text Processor

2.1. Processing text information. Text processors

2.1.3. Formatting text document and styles in Word

Formatting text document

Document formatting is a change in its appearance. Word provides document formatting at five different levels:

  • at the symbol level (change in the headset, drawing, size and color of the font, an inter-abnormal interval in the word, animation, etc.);
  • at the paragraph level (alignment on the left edge, along the right edge, in the center and in width; indents on the right and left; indenting the first line; indents before and after paragraph; an amreter interval, managing a breakdown on pages, etc.);
  • at the pages level (page parameters, page orientation, frame, first page footers, even and odd pages, etc.);
  • at partition level (forming partitions with the next page or on current page, splitting text on columns, etc.);
  • at the document level (page numbers, table of contents, etc.).

The paragraph is a fragment of a text that ends with an unjustable symbol or fragment of the text, the process of entering which ends with pressing the Enter input key. The paragraph includes: paragraph of the main text, headlines, table of contents, lists (numbered and marked), etc.

To format characters, the Font dialog box (format / font) is used or commands on the formatting toolbar. Paragraph formatting is carried out using the Paragraph dialog window, which opens with the format / paragraph command.

You can view the formatting of the selected text in the task area by running the format / show formatting command.

Styles

Styles are designed for the external design of the document and its paragraphs, i.e. Styles are used to format a document. Style is a set of formatting commands, saved under a unique name for repeated use. Formatting text using the style is much faster than formatting manually each text element, since one command (style) automatically formats a group of text parameters.

There are three main types of styles:

  1. The symbol style contains symbol formatting parameters, including font, size, drawing, position and intervals.
  2. The paragraph style contains paragraph formatting parameters, such as rope intervals, indents, alignment and tab position. Paragraph styles can also contain styles or symbol formatting parameters. Most of the styles used in Word are paragraph styles.
  3. The table style contains table formatting settings (when inserting a table, it is assigned to the default style - the table grid).

When creating a new document based on the template is normal, it receives a copy of the style set from basic set styles general purpose (from embedded styles): Normal, headlines 1, 2, 3.

After entering the text to the document is completed, and the text is edited, it is advisable to use the AutoFormat command to change the appearance of the entire document.

With automatic formatting of the document, each paragraph is assigned one of the styles Word. For example, the header window can be assigned a header 1 or header 2, the main text paragraph is the basic text style, and the list is included in the list. Notes Assigns Style Text Note, Top footer - Style Top Guide, and pages' number - page number, etc.

Posted by paragraphs document of standard Word styles provides a quick change in the appearance of the created document by applying styles from the style library. Built-in styles provide formatting of the headers of various levels and allow you to view the hierarchical structure of the document in the structure mode, as well as quickly build a table of contents.

In addition, if the master text is used for most of the paragraphs of the document, and not normal, you can easily reformat only the style of the main text without affecting the style of the rest of the text.

Operations with style styles styles and formatting

Styles can be changed and create new ones. In addition, you can apply another style (impose style) to the already formatted text, i.e. reformat it.

To do this, select the format / style command and formatting, the area of \u200b\u200btasks in the "Styles and Formatting" mode will appear. Set the cursor to the text you want to reformat, and in the task area in the section "Select Formatting For Application", click on the desired style, the paragraph under the cursor reformatted on the selected style.

If you need to change the style or create a new style, then set the cursor to the text, the style that needs to be changed in the task area in the section "Formatting the selected text" will display the text style under the cursor. Next, you must lend the mouse pointer to the name of the style and click on the arrow to the right to the right, the command list opens: Clear the format, change the style, create a style. Select the desired command (change or create style), the corresponding dialog window will appear in which you can make a change or creating style.

The usual style is the basis for most other paragraph styles, so when changing the style, all styles based on it are changed. The simple style is not based on one of the styles.


Fig. one.


Fig. 2.

Elements of text documents that are entered into the document during its editing and formatting:

  • Footers (type / footpad).
  • Symbol (insert / symbol).
  • Reference (footnotes; patterns of drawings, tables, formulas; cross references; Table of contents and pointers). The insert / link command is called.
  • Note (Insert / Note).
  • Hyperlink (insertion / hyperlink).
  • Bookmark (insert / bookmark).
  • Backgrounds, substrates and themes (format / background, format / subject).

A footer is a text or picture (page number, document printing date, document name, author surname, drawing, etc.), which is printed at the bottom or at the top of each page of the document. Depending on the location of the location (on the top or on the lower page of the page), the footers are upper and lower.

To create a footer, you must execute the view / footer command. Handers, like a document background, as well as fields, size and orientation of pages, page numbers, page breaks and partitions refer to changing the appearance of pages and document.

Verification of spelling (spelling and grammar) in Word

Checking spelling (spelling) is a means of the editor that allows you to check and correct writing words in the document. The editor compares words in a verified document with a dictionary, and unknown words are allocated. After that, you can skip the word, correct it or apply to the dictionary.

The grammar check is the verification of the grammatical and stylistic rules of the letter (inconsistency of the subject and faithful, incorrect proposed combinations).

There are several ways to spell spelling:

  1. Check spelling and grammar when entering text.
  2. Hand checking spelling and grammar.

to install automatic check Spelling and grammar, do the following: Select the SERVICE / PARAMETERS command and in the window that appears, click on the spelling tab. Check the checkbox automatically check spelling and automatically check the grammar.

For manual spelling and grammar check, you must select the service / spelling command, the spelling dialog box will appear, with which you can perform the required check.



Fig. 3.

View and print a document

Depending on the tasks performed in Microsoft Word 2003, you can select various documents viewing modes:

  1. Magic mode.
  2. View mode.
  3. View.

Mock-up modes are used when working on a document, this mode includes: page markup, web document, normal, structure.

Viewing modes are used to read the document and move in it, to this mode include: read mode, sketches, document diagram.

View Used To display the appearance of a document in the form of publication, this mode includes: preview of the web page, preview.

Preview mode It is convenient to use to view multiple document pages in a reduced form. In this mode, you can view the breaks of the pages and the substrate, as well as change the contents or formatting the document before it is printing

Before printing a document, check its appearance, giving the file to the file - preview or clicking the Preview button on the toolbar. To exit the preview mode, click the Close button.

To print a document using the default printer parameters and print settings, click the Print button in the preview window or on the standard toolbar.

To select a printer and print settings, run the Print from the File menu, the Print dialog box appears.



Fig. four.

In the printer area, select the desired printer from the proposed list.

In the area, you should specify which part of the document to print: the entire document; current page; Selected fragment or multiple pages with specified numbers.

The number of copies are set in the number of copies.

Select the Enable option: All pages of the range or first print all pages with odd numbers, and then with even.

Scale option group Allows you to print multiple text pages on one sheet of paper.

A number of additional print options can be specified by pressing the Parameters button.

Working with text fragments: selection, copy, move, delete. Formatting characters. Letter. Formatting paragraphs. Formatting pages. Footers. Sections of the document. Formatting styles.


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Topic 2. Formatting documents.

  1. Working with text fragments: selection, copy, move, delete.
  2. Formatting characters. Letter.
  3. Formatting paragraphs.
  4. Formatting pages. Footers. Sections of the document.
  5. Formatting styles.
  6. Text design in several columns.

2.1. Working with text fragments: selection, copy, move, delete.

Fragment - This is part of the text specified (dedicated) by the user.

The minimum fragment size is one character, maximum - the entire text of the document.

Selection can be performed either using the mouse or using the keyboard.

Selection using the keyboard:

It is required to highlight

Keyboard shortcut

One or more characters

Hold downShift. , press the keyarrow to the right until the required characters allocate.

Fragment of text from cursor to the end of the line

SHIFT + E ND.

Fragment of text from cursor before the row

SHIFT + HOME.

Word after cursor

With TRL + SHIFT + arrow to the right.

Word before cursor

With TRL + SHIFT + arrow left.

Fragment of text from cursor to the end of paragraph

With TRL + SHIFT + down arrow.

Fragment of text from cursor before the beginning of paragraph

With TRL + SHIFT + up arrow.

Fragment of text from cursor to the end of the document

With TRL + SHIFT + END.

Fragment of text from cursor before the start of the document

With TRL + SHIFT + HOME.

All document

With TRL + a.

Tape Home  Allocate  Allocate everything.

Selection with the mouse:

It is required to highlight

Need to do

Word

Specify the desired word and click two times the left button.

Line

Move the mouse pointer to the left field so that it turns into an arrow, put this arrow next to the string and right-click

Sentence

Click on the desired offer when the key is pressedWith TRL.

Paragraph

Triple click left mouse button on paragraph.

Double-click Opposite this paragraph in the allocation band.

Any fragment

Set the mouse pointer to the angle of the fragment allocated and stretch the selection area.

All document

Triple click in the allocation strip.

To highlight a block fragment, set the cursor to any block angle, press the keyAlt. and without letting it, stretch the area. To highlight several non-measure fragments, you can use in any way, but at the same time press the keyCtrl.

Dedicated text fragment can be deleted (keysDelete or Backspace. ), cut or copy to clipboard.

You can copy or move the fragment through the clipboard or with the mouse.

Copy (movement) algorithm using clipboard:

  1. Select a copied (movable) fragment.
  2. Place it in the clipboard. It can be done different ways:
  3. Install the cursor to the copy space.
  4. Insert the cursor from the clipboard:

The content of the clipboard is maintained during a session or before placing a new portion of information. INMicrosoft Word. 2007 The clipboard contains 24 cells. You can view their content by pressing the button.Buffer exchange on the ribbon home.

To move the fragment using the mouse, it is enough to highlight it and drag to the desired location when the left button is pressed.

To copy a fragment using the mouse, you need to highlight it and drag when pressed right-button Mice. From the proposed context menu Choose furtherCopy.

There may be cases when the selected fragment of the text may be erroneously destroyed. In editorWord has a button (Cancel) located on the panel quick access. Slitting this button can be returned to return to previous States Document.

2.2. Formatting characters. Letter.

Any document can be represented as a combination of some interrelated objects. Each object has a certain inherent set of properties (attributes). Depending on the set values \u200b\u200bof these attributes, the object may look in a different document.

Word. Allows you to format in two ways:

1) or after a set of text;

2) or ask the desired attributes Registration to the set process.

At the first time you need:

  1. specify (highlight) a fragment of the text for which new design parameters will be installed;
  2. to install the values \u200b\u200bof the execution attributes through the commands sectionTape font Home or Calling a window Font using the context menu.

The second option involves the following sequence of formatting operations:

  1. pick up the text until it requires a special design of the following input fragment;
  2. establish new design parameters;
  3. continue text typing; The installed symbol format will be applied to all entered characters, the installed paragraph of paragraph of paragraph will be applied for the text paragraph;
  4. after completing the set, disable the installed special formatting.

Symbol - This is the main graphic unit of text. It is the sequence of characters forms text. The symbol has the following attributes:

  • type of font (headset);
  • font size (kege);
  • inscription (usual, bold, italic or underscore);
  • color (background and symbol itself);
  • index (position relative to the string support line);
  • kerning (change in the size of interbuchny intervals between adjacent letters to improve the appearance and readability of the text);
  • visual effects (modification and animation).

All formatting operations are applicable only to selected objects.

Font - A set of graphic images of the letters of one or another alphabet and all signs related to it and numbers. Fonts are also called the headset. They can be divided according to some signs to the following types:

1) Matrix (raster) fonts Created so-called bitmap method. The file with such a font stores point images of each character inside the grid of fixed-size points. The disadvantages of matrix fonts include a significant deterioration in the quality of the image when the font size changes, it is scaling. The contours of letters acquire a stepped form, the so-called staircase occurs.

Scalable (vector) fonts Do not have this shortage. The method of creating such fonts is the encoding of the circuit of the symbol in the form of direct and curves of lines. Very often scalable fonts are called fontsTrue. Tour. A distinctive feature of such fonts - in the font list in the Font field on the toolbar formatting, they are preceded by a monogram, consisting of two letters T.

2) In appearance fonts can be withserif (with serifami) and chopped . Fonts with serifs (for example, times new roman ) have small seed flags at the ends. Direct destination of serifs is to increase the readability of the text, since while reading the look is easier to fix on the line. Chopped fonts (for example, andrial. ) have smooth rounded letters and are intended to highlight headers in the document. In addition to these, there are so-called special headsets that can be used to simulate handwritten text (for example,Freestyle Script) or notes, formulas of chemical compounds, etc. (eg,Wingding).

3) In width, fonts can bemonosine (for example, Courier New) and proportional. All the letters of monoshyrched fonts have the same width, and, therefore, the same number of characters is always placed in the line. In proportional fonts, each letter has a different width (for example, the letter "F" is wider than the letter "A"), and therefore there may be a different number of characters in the string. When using proportional fonts, it should be remembered that it is impossible to align text in the lines using the space key.

Not all fonts support the map of Cyrillic.

Font size (Height, Kehal) is the distance between the upper part of the highest letter of the alphabet and the lower part of the lowest.

The font size is indicated in paragraphs (pt). 1R T. \u003d 1/72 "\u003d 0.352 mm. You can also use the font dimensions that are not listed in the list (for example, 15 or 12.5).

In order to change the characters, there are buttons On the ribbon home.

Buttons Serve to change the color of the symbol and the color of the background, on which this character is displayed.

When choosing a font for printing a document, the main criterion is readability. The selected font should not distract attention from the content of the document. A variety can make only the text of the capital inscriptions of various components of the document (rubrics).

Letter - It is a beautifully decorated letter at the beginning of a sentence, paragraph, partition. You can arrange the letterLetter on the tape insert.

2.3. Formatting paragraphs.

Appearance The document largely depends not only on the formatting of text symbols, but also from the design of paragraphs. Paragraph is one of the main structural elements of the document.

In text processorWord. Paragraph is defined as part of the text between two keystrokes.ENTER . Length of paragraph may be different. He can consist of one word, and may take the entire page. When drawing up text, it should be borne in mind that very long paragraphs are difficult for perception.

Paragraph has its own parameters:

  • indents;
  • the method of aligning rows (along the left edge, on the right edge, in the center, in width);
  • position on the page;
  • indent of the first line;
  • cargo distance;
  • the interval between paragraphs.

Formatting paragraph - Task or change its parameters. It is possible to format paragraphs directly when typing or after its end. Formatting can be done using a dialog box called by a commandParagraph context menu, as well as using the sectionParagraph tapes Home and Page layout.

In a text editorWord. There are four ways to align text.

Alignment to the left edge. With it, the lines begin at the left edge of the page in the same position and end on the right in different positions depending on the number of characters in the row. It is this alignment that is best used when typing.

Alignment in the center. The location of the text in the center is convenient to use for headlines and very short text blocks.

Alignment on the right edge. In this case, the method of aligning the text is aligned on the right edge and each new letter shifts the previous left, so that the lines are perfectly aligned on the right edge. This type of alignment is used to achieve special purposes. Sometimes this method can also be used for headlines.

Width alignment. When using this method of alignmentWord. Aligns text, both right and on the left edge, inserting additional spaces between words instead of missing characters. The text formatted by alignment in width looks beautiful and neat. Apply the width alignment is best after all editorial directions, immediately before the printing document output.

Four buttons are placed on the format toolbar, each of which corresponds to one of the above text formatting modes and any paragraph.

To format a paragraph occurred in the process of its input, you need to set the necessary parameters, and then enter text.

Alignment operations belong to the entire paragraph. However, there are two operations that belong only to the first line of paragraph. These are teamsIndent and ledge . These commands are installed in the dialog box.Paragraph in the first line field . Paragraph and first row indents can also be installed using a horizontal coordinate line.

Using the coordinate line, you can perform such formatting operations of the paragraph, as setting up the right and left fields, setting indents and protrusions, determining the tab positions.

The field is the distance between the text and the edge of the page. Pressing paragraph determines the distance of the text from the field. Indents allow you to separate the text of one paragraph from the other or visually allocate individual paragraphs in the document. Select the indent of the first line of paragraph (the first line is shifted relative to other lines to the right) - for paragraphs with a "red" string or "indent". Paragraph with a "protrusion" is an paragraph in which an indent is formed for each row, except for the first, in other words, the first line is shifted relative to other lines of paragraph to the left. This type of formatting is usually used in dictionaries, encyclopedias, reference books.

The coordinate line is always associated with a paragraph in which the input cursor is located.

Dark part of the coordinate line corresponds to the installed page fields.

The upper runner in the form of a triangle indicates the amount of the first lines of paragraph.

The bottom slider in the form of a triangle indicates the retreat of the left of the remaining lines of paragraph (except for the first).

The square slider is an element of control, always located under the lower triangular marker of the left border of paragraph. When dragging it, both markers of the left border (and the top, and lower) move together with the preservation of their position relative to each other. Such a special design of paragraph can be used when making epigraphs, quotes, etc.

The right slider indicates the right border of paragraph.

The light part of the line indicates the size of the document desktop. Runners should be placed only within the light area of \u200b\u200bthe coordinate line.

To set additional paragraph attributes, such as a firmist interval and anezabzatny indent, you must call the dialog boxParagraph Using the context menu.

Line spacing (or INTERLINAZH) is the distance between the lines in the paragraph. The interval is a value of 1/6 inches or 12 pt.

An increase in the intra-line interval makes it easy to read longer lines, i.e. Allows you to use a smaller font. The magnitude of the rope interval is set either in lines or in points for a more accurate installation.

When using the text taken on the Internet, you should pay attention to the interval between paragraphs (0 PT).

Also on the tabPosition on the page You can enable or disable the following parameters: the prohibition of hanging lines, not break off the paragraph, do not tear off from the next, from the new page.

In long documents, most paragraphs formatted the same. More precisely, we usually exist several options for designing paragraph, which are repeatedly used inside the document.

Format the paragraph manually with each text change is inconvenient, especially if you consider that, most likely, there is already an paragraph formatted as it is necessary. Text processorWord. Solves this problem, allowing you to format according to the sample, as well as by applying the specified formatting styles.

To format the sample, you need to install the cursor on the paragraph having the necessary method formatting and click on the buttonSample format(Ribbon Home ). Next click on the paragraph whose format is required to be changed, and it will look exactly the same as the sample format.

2.4. Formatting pages. Footers. Sections of the document.

At the first stage, when preparing a document in a text processorMicrosoft Word. You need to set page settings. These include the size and orientation of the sheet, the magnitude of the fields, etc. When specifying the size of the page, focus on the printing device. Thus, a sheet of A4 format can be printed on any of the modern printers, while A3 format is supported only by special printer modifications. Page orientation can be chosen book (sheet height is larger than width) or album (sheet height is less than width). To set the page parameters, use the page markup tape commandFields  Customizable fields. This opens dialog box.Page settings .

In this window, three sections: fields, paper size, paper source.

Field - These are free spaces on the page surrounding the dialed text.

Their sizes can be reduced and increasing at the request of the user (however, it is not possible to destroy, since each printer has an inaccessible zone for printing, for whose observance is watchingWindows ). The size and type of fields, as well as the position of the heads, are installed in the fields section. The size and orientation of the paper are installed in the paper size section.

Footer It is called the same text for a group of pages (graphic image), located outside the main text of the document on the fields of the printed page.

There are upper and footproof. The heads include sequence numbers of the pages.

Page numbering is carried out either automatically or by user commandPage number (tape insert).

Handers can be the same in the entire document, but may vary: on even and odd pages (dialog box Page settings Paper Source tab), on the first and subsequent pages (dialog box Page settings Paper Source tab), in different sections.

Section - This is part of a document that has specified page formatting parameters. To insert new section You need to execute the commandRipples (Ribbon. Page layout) And to specify where the new section should begin (from the next page, on the current page, from an even page, from an odd page). You can insert similarly new page In the section (tapePage layout Rales  New Page or Break Page Insert tabs).

To open the footer, execute commandsPage headeror footer(Tape inset ). The text of the document will become pale, the fields of the upper and footers and tape will appear.Designer ( Work with footers) . The following buttons are located on this panel: page number, date (this field is automatically updated) and time (current time), page parameters, as in the previous, upper / footer, transition to the previous one, transition to the next (transition between different types footer), close, etc.

In the footer, you can create a substrate. To do this, in the mode of footers, the page is inserted with a set of flow around the text or select the substrate on the tapePage layout.

Algorithm for creating various footers for different sections:

2.5. Formatting styles.

Formatting style - This is a combination of all design parameters that define the format of paragraph or symbol.

Available styles are listed in the drop-down list.Change styles Located on the ribbonthe main . At the beginning of working with the programWord. This list contains a list of styles specified by default. When choosing one of the styles presented in this list, the format of the current paragraph varies (the paragraph in which the cursor is located) or the format of the selected fragment.

If you need to prepare a new style for use in the document, select the style that will change and execute the commandSave the selected fragment as a new express style. In the dialog boxCreating Style You need to set the name of the new style and change the design defined by this style. If you enable the Add to Express Style list, the style created will be added to the standard program template.Word. After which this style can be used in other documents. After you determine the style for any type of paragraph, you just have to apply a new style, and the paragraph will be automatically formatted according to the style attributes. Each time you change the formatting attributes associated with this style, all paragraphs to which it is applied will be automatically reformatted.

The advantages of using styles before simple formatting are disclosed when working on large documents of a complex structure. The main of these advantages are as follows:

  • the ability to format uniformly different parts of the document;
  • the possibility of quick reformatting of paragraphs;
  • the possibility of standard paperwork using previously created styles;
  • ability to create automatic table contents for the document.

2.6. Text design in several columns.

To split text on the columns it must be highlighted and execute the commandColumns (Ribbon. Page layout). In the dialog that opens, select the number of columns. By default, they have the same width, but this can be corrected, for example, using markers on the line.

If several columns of the text are entirely posted on one page, then the commandGap  On the current page It can be done so that the speakers have the same length.

In the dialog boxSpeakers You can specify the number and type of columns, their width, the gap between the speakers, and also set the separator.

Page 6.

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