Russian operating system Installation in VirtualBox. VirtualBox - Setting the virtual machine. Connecting removable devices to a virtual machine
VirtualBox is an operating system emulator based on the host machine, and simply on our computer. The program installation usually does not take much time and does not require any skills, and today we will consider in detail this procedure.
First you need to visit the official website and download the installer. This can be done by reference below. Next, we will consider in detail the installation process and analyze the main nuances of the program settings.
Installation
Setting
So, we have installed the application, now consider it setting. Usually after installation, it starts automatically, unless the user has canceled this function - in this case, you will have to run on your own. When this happens for the first time, a welcome window is displayed. As virtual machines are created, they will be displayed on the starting screen along with the settings.
Before creating the first virtual machine, you should configure the application. You can open the settings window, proceeding along the way "File" - "Settings". Faster way - Pressing a combination Ctrl + G..
Tab "General" Allows you to set a folder to store virtual machines. They are quite voluminous, which should be considered when determining the place of placement. The folder must be located on a disk having enough free space. In any case, the specified folder can be changed when creating a VM, so if you have not yet been determined with the place, at this stage you can leave the default directory. Paragraph "VDRP authentication library" It remains the default.
On the tab "Enter" You can set key combinations to manage the application and the virtual machine. The settings will be displayed in the lower right corner of the VM window. It is recommended to remember the key Host. (this is Ctrlright), but there is no urgent need for this.
The user is given the opportunity to establish the desired application interface language.
You can also activate the update check option or refuse it.
Configure the display parameters should be separately for each virtual machine. Therefore, in this case, in the settings window, you can leave the default value.
The same applies to the network settings.
Installing add-ons to the application is performed on the tab. "Plugins". If you remember, the additions were downloaded when installed the program. In order to install them, press the button "Add Plugin" And choose the desired supplement. It should be noted that the versions of the plug-in and the applications must coincide. In more detail this procedure Considered in the following articles below.
VirtualBox is a program for creating a VM (virtual machine) with the desired configuration: the operating models, the frequency of the processor, the amount of RAM and the memory of the video card, which are allocated from the physical "iron" of the computer. It applies for free and can be downloaded to the latest version from the official website: https://www.virtualbox.org.
This article will detailed instructions For VirtualBox and how to use it.
Program installation
After downloading the Oracle VirtualBox installer from the official site, start with the choice of installation site.
After selecting the VirtualBox installation site, go to the next step of work.
On the screen that appears, you are offered to create shortcuts in the Start menu, on the desktop and taskbar. We recommend maintaining the second and fourth item, and the rest are at your discretion.
This is followed by a warning that problems may occur with the Internet connection. Do not worry, such a problem arises very rarely. Press Yes, then Install, after which the installation process will begin.
Creating a virtual machine
At the end of the installation, we look into the program where we will meet the window. In it we find the "Create" button and click on it.
Select the name that will be assigned to your VM, and you can click on the "Expert Mode" button to immediately configure its configuration. If you do not click, step by step setting all items.
By assigning a name, configure the number of RAM. It is worth mentioning that it will stand out from your RAM, and the more it, the better. The minimum value is recommended in 2 GB.
Since we have the first entrance, we choose the creation of a new virtual hard disk.
Here we cut the size of the hard disk and its type (depending on the OS selected by you, the number of desired space will depend on. This applies to the RAM - XP does not support more than 3.5 GB). Having finished, click "Create".
The process itself will take a little time - about 2-3 minutes. It is worth the computer to leave alone and give it calmly to complete it.
When the system is created, it will appear in the list of your VM. As you can see, install the virtual boks turned out to be not so difficult, each can cope with it yourself.
Setting up VirtualBox
Let's figure it out how to make a detailed configuration of the VirtualBox virtual machine.
- General.
- System.
- Display.
- Media.
- Audio.
- Net.
- COM port.
- Shared folders.
- Interface.
After creation, we can see all the characteristics specified by the system, and also the ability to configure it in more detail.
To do this, click on the "Configure" button or the right mouse button on the machine you need.
In the window that appears, you can change:
- system name;
- supported plugins;
- the number of processors of operational and video memory;
- settings for remote access, etc.
We will analyze them in detail.
Although at first it is to warn you to start working some functions, you will need to download Extension Pack plugin for VirtualBox from the official site.
General
The name of the virtual machine is changing here, its description is entered, the screenshots directory, and the password and the type of encryption is installed.
System
Motherboard
There are adjustable RAM values, motherboard chipsets, installation of the cursor manipulator type, disc boot order.
Processor and acceleration
Here the number of the processor used and the extent of the permissible load is established.
In the Acceleration Point, you can configure advanced functions, but inexperienced users it is not desirable to touch anything in it.
Display
Screen
At this point, the number of video memory and monitors supported by VM, the scaling coefficient, as well as the inclusion of 3D - 2D acceleration, that is, your system will be able to support video and 3D applications.
Remote access
If VM has been added to the estimated server, and access to it from another PC is needed, then there is a given item for this. Here by default, the port number is 3389, but if you are going to connect more than one server, it will have to be changed; And the authentication method is adjusted. To install access, you will need to know the IP address of the host virtual machine.
Screen capture
This item allows you to configure capture pictures from the virtual system display, setting up the video quality and its frame rate, resolution and placement path. Everything is quite intuitive.
Carriers
The next item sets up optical and vm hard drives by adding them or editing. The selected space on physical media can be adjusted so that its system is represented as SSD and supported certain functions.
Audio
It is configured to support VM sound card VM and playing its sound, setting the type of audio controller.
Net
Connecting to the network is configured: the number of adapters, their type, view of the connection itself. Setting various types network cards In this menu, you can achieve the desired script when working in VM.
COM port
To emulate the RS-232 ports, this item is used. Adjustable both the amount and its mode.
In this place, the support of virtual controllers from USB 1.1 to 3.0 is selected. And if you add them to the list of controllers on your PC, they will be displayed in VM, respectively. To do this, you need to click on the green mark "Plus" on the right side of the window.
Common folders
Folders will be configured here to be visible for the virtual machine. The setting is performed as for ordinary shared folders, i.e. You just need to specify where you have access to other users, and where - no. And save the selected settings.
User Interface
Customizable toolbar, which is available at the entrance to the car. You can both add and delete sections.
Running
After completing all settings and manipulations, you can switch directly to start the machine. To do this, click on the "Run" button.
When you start, you will need to specify the location of the disk image with the operating system, since it will have to be installed as on the usual PC. Click on "Devices"\u003e "Optical disks"\u003e "Select a disk image" and select the previously downloaded image (ISO) OS on the Internet.
Restarting the car, the standard installation of the OS will begin (depending on which they downloaded). After completing it, you can start using the car as your heart.
When you select a virtual machine from the list in the Manager window, you will see a summary of this settings. virtual computer.
By clicking the " Settings»On the toolbar at the top, you will see a detailed window in which you can configure many properties of the selected virtual machine. But be careful: despite the fact that after installing the guest operating system, you can change all the virtual machine settings, some changes can interfere with the correct operation of the guest operating system if it is done after installation.
Note: Button " Settings"Disabled when a virtual machine is in" running" or " saved"Condition. It's just because in the settings dialog box you can change the basic characteristics of the virtual computer created for your guest operating system, and this operating system It may not be very good to cope when, for example, half of her memory will leave her from under his feet. As a result, if the button " Settings"Disabled, first turn off the current virtual machine, and then you can perform the desired settings.
VirtualBox provides many parameters that can be changed for a virtual machine. More options are available with the VirtualBox command line interface.
General settings
In the window " Settings" In chapter " General»You can customize the most fundamental aspects of a virtual machine, such as memory and necessary hardware. There are four tabs: " Maintenance», « Additionally», « Description"And" Encryption».
Tab "Main"
On the tab " Maintenance" categories " General»You can find the following settings:
This is the name with which the virtual machine is displayed in the list of virtual machines in the main window. Under this name, VirtualBox also saves the virtual machine configuration files. By changing the name, VirtualBox also renames these files. As a result, you can only use those characters that are allowed in the file names of your host operating system.
Please note that within VirtualBox uses unique identifiers (UUID) to identify virtual machines. You can display them using VBoxManage.
Operating system / version
A typeguest operating system, which is installed (or will) in a virtual machine. This is the same parameter that was specified in the "New Virtual Machine" wizard, as described in the "" section.
While the default settings for the newly created virtual machine depend on the selected type of operating system, the further modification of the type does not affect the virtual machine settings; This is the value that the settings in this panel are purely information and decorative.
Tab "Advanced"
Folder for pictures
By default, VirtualBox saves data snapshot Together with other data configurations VirtualBox. With this parameter, you can specify any other folder for each virtual machine.
Common clipboard
Here you can choose whether you should be used together with your host general access To the buffer of the guest operating system. If you choose " Bidirectional"The VirtualBox will always make sure that both clippers of the exchange contain the same data. If you choose " From the main to the guest officer" or " From the guest in the main OS"The VirtualBox will copy the exchange buffer data only in one direction.
To share the clipboard, install VirtualBox guest add-ons. Otherwise, this setting has no effect.
The overall clipboard is disabled by default. This parameter can be changed at any time using the menu item " Common clipboard" on the menu " Devices»Virtual machine.
Drag and Drop function (dragging)
This parameter allows you to enable drag and drop support: Select an object (for example, a file) from a host or a guest and directly copy or open it on a guest or host machine. Several drag and drop modes for each virtual machine allow you to limit access in any direction.
Guest add-ons must be installed for dragging onto the guest computer.
Note: By default, dragging is disabled. This parameter can be changed at any time using the menu item " Drag and Drop." on the menu " Devices»Virtual machine.
Tab "Description"
Here you can, if you want, enter any description of your virtual machine. This does not affect the functionality of the computer, but you can find this space useful to mark such things as the configuration of the virtual machine and softwarewhich was installed in her.
To insert a string break into the description text field, click Shift + Enter..
Tab "Encryption"
If you are tick, this virtual machine will be encrypted. You need to choose an algorithm that will be encrypted virtual machine discs, as well as enter, and then confirm the encryption password.
System settings
Group " System»Combines various parameters associated with the main equipment, which is represented by a virtual machine.
Note: Since the Microsoft Windows activation mechanism is sensitive to changes in hardware, if you change the Windows equipment settings for the guests, some of these changes may initiate a request for activation in Microsoft.
Tab "Motherboard"
On the tab " Motherboard»You can affect virtual equipment that is usually located on a real computer motherboard.
Main memory
This option sets the RAM volume, which is allocated and transmitted by a virtual machine when it starts. The specified amount of memory at the time of operation of the virtual machine will be closed from physical computer and transmitted virtual. Consequently, at the time of work of the virtual machine, your main computer has a number of RAM to decrease by this magnitude. This is the same parameter that was specified in the "New Virtual Machine" wizard, as described above in the "" section.
Changing the memory should not cause problems in the guest car, of course, if you do not set too small value at which it will not be loaded.
Order order
This parameter defines the order in which the guest operating system will try to load from various virtual boot devices. Similarly setting up bios. Real PC, VirtualBox can inform the guest OS that it starts with a virtual diskette, a virtual CD / DVD drive, a virtual hard disk (each of them is determined by other VM settings), network or any of them.
If you choose " Net", The virtual machine will try to upload from the network through the PXE mechanism to be configured.
Chipset
Here you can choose which chipset will be presented by a virtual machine. Before VirtualBox 4.0 PIIX3 was the only one available option. For modern guest operating systems, such as Mac OS X, this old chipset is no longer supported. As a result, VirtualBox 4.0 introduced an emulation of a more modern ICH9 chipset, which supports PCI Express, three PCI tires, PCI-to-PCI bridges and interrupt signals (MSI). This allows modern operating systems to address more PCI devices and no longer requires IRQ exchange. Using the ICH9 chipset, you can also configure up to 36 network cards (up to 8 network adapters with PIIX3). Please note that support for ICH9 is experimental and is not recommended for guest operating systems that do not require it.
Cursor manipulator
By default, virtual index devices for the ancient guests are traditional pS / 2 mouse. If this parameter is set to uSB tablet, VirtualBox informs the virtual machine that the device uSB tablet present, and transmits the mouse events to the virtual machine using this device. Third setting - USB Multi-Touch Tabletwhich is suitable for the latest Windows guests.
The use of a virtual USB tablet has the advantage that motions are communicated in absolute coordinates (instead of relative position changes), which allows VirtualBox to broadcast the mouse events over the VM window in the tablet event without the need to "capture" the mouse in the guest system as described in the "" section. This makes the use of VM less tedious, even if guest add-ons are not installed.
Enable APIC I / O APIC
Extended programmable interrupt controllers (APICs) are the latest HP86 hardware function, which in recent years has replaced the programmable interrupt controllers of the old type (pos). With APIC I / O, operating systems can use more than 16 interrupt requests (IRQ) and, therefore, avoid exchanging IRQ to increase reliability.
Note: Including I / O APIC required for 64-bit guest operating systems, especially Windows Vista; It is also necessary if you want to use more than one virtual processor on a virtual machine.
However, software support for APIC I / O was unreliable with some operating systems other than Windows. In addition, the use of an APC I / O APC slightly increases virtualization overhead and, therefore, slightly slows down the guest OS.
A warning: All Windows operating systems, starting with Windows 2000, establish different cores depending on whether APIC I / O is available. As in the case of ACPI, APIC I / O APEC should not be disconnected after installation of the Windows guest OS. The inclusion of it after installation will not have any effect.
Enable EFI
This allows you to use Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI), which replaces the outdated BIOS and can be useful for some advanced use options.
Clock in the UTC system
If the tick is standing, the clock of your host will appear on the time of the worldwide coordination scale (UTC), otherwise the local host time will be displayed. Unix-like systems usually adhere to UTC systems.
If the checkbox is set, VirtualBox will inform the guest system time in UTC format instead of a local (host) time. This affects the work of Virtual Watch Real Time (RTC) and can be useful for UNIX-like guest operating systems that usually expect hardware clocks will be installed on UTC.
In addition, you can disable the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), which VirtualBox represents the default guest operating system. ACPI is the current sectoral standard that allows operating systems to recognize the equipment, configure motherboards And other devices and manage them. Since all modern PCs contain this feature, and Windows and Linux supported it for many years, it is also enabled by default in VirtualBox. It can be turned off only in command line.
A warning: All Windows operating systems starting with Windows 2000, set different kernels, depending on whether ACPI is available, so ACPI cannot be disabled after installing the Windows guest OS. The inclusion of it after installation will not have any effect.
Tab "Processor"
On the tab " CPU»You can specify how many virtual processor cores should see guest operating systems. Starting from version 3.0, VirtualBox supports symmetrical multiprocessing (SMP) and can represent up to 32 virtual processor cores for each virtual machine.
However, you should not customize virtual machines for the use of more processor cores than you have physically (real nuclei, without hyperpotions).
On this tab you can also install " CPU loading limit" This parameter limits the time spent the host processor to emulate the virtual processor. The default value is 100% means that there are no restrictions. The 50% parameter implies that one virtual processor can use up to 50% of one central processor. Please note that the time limit of virtual processors can cause problems with guests.
In addition, the parameter " Enable PAE / NX"Determines whether the possibilities of the PAE and NX central processor will be on the virtual machine. PAE means "extension of the physical address". Usually, if it is turned on and maintained by the operating system, then even a 32-bit X86 processor can access more than 4 GB of RAM. This was made possible by adding another 4 bits to the memory address, so that with 36 bits you can use up to 64 GB. Some operating systems (for example, Ubuntu Server) require support for PAE from CPU and cannot work in a virtual machine without it.
If you use a 32-bit image Kali Linux, Turn on the PAE / NX or the Kali image will not load, since the default kernel version used by Kali for i386 ("686-PAE") is compiled in a way that requires support for the "Expansion of the Physical Address" (PAE) in the CPU.
With virtual machines working on modern server operating systems, VirtualBox also supports the hot connection of the CPU.
Tab "Acceleration"
On this page you can determine if VirtualBox should use hardware virtualization extensions that your host processor can support. This applies to most processors built after 2006.
You can choose for each virtual machine individually, whether VirtualBox need to use software virtualization or equipment.
In most cases, the default settings will be excellent; VirtualBox will choose reasonable default values \u200b\u200bdepending on the operating system you selected when creating a virtual machine. However, in some situations you can change these pre-configured default values.
If your host processor supports invested pajing functions (AMD-V) or EPT (Intel VT-X), you can expect a significant increase in productivity by incorporating invested paging in addition to hardware virtualization.
Starting with version 5.0, VirtualBox provides paratage interfaces to improve the accuracy and performance of guest operating systems.
Display (display settings)
Screen Tab
Video memory size
This sets the memory size provided by a virtual video card available to the guest in MB. As in the main memory, the specified amount will be highlighted from the host residency memory. Based on the number of video memory, higher resolutions and depth of color can be available.
GUI will show a warning if the volume of the video memory is too small to switch the virtual machine into full screen mode. The minimum value depends on the number of virtual monitors, the screen resolution and the depth of the host display, as well as from the activation of the 3D acceleration and accelerate 2D video. Rough estimation: (color depth / 8) x vertical pixels x horizontal pixels x number screens \u003d number bytes. As indicated above, additional memory may be required for any activated setting Acceleration Display.
Number of monitors
With this VirtualBox parameter can provide more than one virtual virtual machine monitor. If the guest operating system (for example, Windows) supports several connected monitors, VirtualBox can pretend that there are several virtual monitors. Up to 8 such virtual monitors is supported.
The output of multiple monitors will be displayed on the host in several VM windows that work side by side.
However B. full-screenand screen Integration Mode Available physical monitors connected to the host will be used. As a result, it will take at least as many physical monitors to work in full-screen mode and the mode of integration of the screen with several monitors as you have the most configured virtual monitors, or VirtualBox will report an error. You can configure the connection between the guest and host monitors using the viewing menu by pressing the combination "Host" + "Home"When you are in full screen or screen integration mode.
Turn on 3D acceleration
If guest add-ons are installed on the virtual machine, you can choose here if the guest must support the accelerated 3D graphics.
Enable 2D video acceleration
If guest add-ons are installed on a virtual machine with Microsoft Windows, you can choose here if the guest must support the accelerated 2D graph.
Tab "Remote Access"
Remote display
On the tab " Remote access"If VirtualBox Virtual Display Expansion (VRDE) is set, you can enable the VRDP server built into VirtualBox. This allows you to remotely connect to the console of the virtual machine using any standard tool Viewing RDP, such as mstsc.exe.which comes with Microsoft Windows. In Linux and Solaris systems, you can use standard Program rdesktop.open source.
Tab "Capture Video"
On the tab " Capture video»You can enable video capture for this virtual machine. Please note that this feature can also be enabled / disabled while performing a virtual machine.
Media settings
On the real PC, the so-called "storage controllers" are connected physical disks to the rest of the computer. Similarly, VirtualBox provides virtual virtual machine controllers to a virtual machine. Under each controller displays virtual devices ( hard drives, CD / DVD or floppy drives) connected to the controller.
Note: If you used the master " Create a virtual machine»To create a car, you will usually see something like the following:
Depending on the type of guest operating system, which you selected when creating a virtual machine, a typical layout of storage devices in the new virtual machine is as follows:
- You will see the controller IDEto which a virtual CD / DVD drive is connected (to the port " secondary master»IDE controller).
- You will also see the controller. SATA.which is a more modern type of storage controller to increase bandwidth Hard disk to which virtual hard drives are attached. Initially, you will usually have one such virtual disk, but maybe more than one, each of which is submitted by the disk image file (in this case, the VDI file).
If you have created your virtual machine with an older VirtualBox version, the default storage layout may differ. Then you can only have an IDE controller to which CD / DVD drive and hard drives are connected. It can also be applied if you have chosen an older type of operating system when creating a virtual machine. Since older operating systems do not support SATA without additional drivers, VirtualBox will ensure that such devices are not present initially.
VirtualBox also provides a flexible controller, which is special: You can not add to it devices other than floppy drives. Virtual floppy drives, such as virtual CD / DVD drives, can be connected either to drive disks (if any), or to the disk image, which in this case should be in the RAW format.
You can freely change these attachments. For example, if you want to copy some files from another created virtual disk, you can connect this disk as a second hard disk. You can also add a second virtual CD / DVD-drive or change where these items are attached. The following parameters are available:
- To add other virtual hDD or CD / DVD or floppy disk drive, select the storage controller to which it must be added (IDE, SATA, SCSI, SAS, Floppy Disk Controller), and then click " add disc"Low on wood. Then you can choose " Add CD / DVD device" or " Add hard drive" (If you are clicked on the flexible disk controller, you can add a flexible disc drive.) Alternatively, right-click the storage controller and select the menu item there.
On the right side of the window you can set the following:
- You can then choose to which slot of the controller device is connected virtual disk. IDE controllers have four slots that are traditionally called " main master», « primary subordinate», « secondary master"And" secondary subordinate" On the contrary, SATA and SCSI controllers offer up to 30 slots to which virtual devices can be connected.
- You can choose which image file to use.
- For virtual hard drives to the right, a button with a drop-down list appears, offering or select a virtual hard disk file using a standard file dialog, or create a new hard disk (image file) that will open the master " Create a new disk", Which was described in the" "section.
- For virtual CD / DVDs, image files will usually be in standard ISO format. Most often you will choose this option when installing the operating system from the ISO file that you received from the Internet. For example, most Linux distributions are available in this way.
The following additional options are available for virtual CD / DVD drives:
- If you select " Host drive», physical device The host computer will be connected to the virtual machine so that the guest operating system can read and write to your physical device. This, for example, is useful if you want to install Windows from a real setting CD. In this case, select your host disc from the drop-down list.
If you want to write (burn) CDs or DVDs using the main disk, you also need to enable the option " Passthrough».
- If you choose " Remove disk from a virtual disk", VirtualBox will present an empty CD / DVD to the guest in which the media was not inserted.
- To delete attachment, Select it and click on the " delete»At the bottom (or right-click it and select the menu item).
Removable media (CD / DVD and floppy disks) are subject to change during guest operation. Since at this time the dialog box " Settings"Not available, you can also access these settings from the menu" Devices»In the window of your virtual machine.
Sound settings
Section " Audio" in the window " Settings»The virtual machine determines whether the virtual machine will see the connected sound card And if the sounds should be heard in the main system.
If the sound is enabled for the guest, you can select the Intel AC controller emulation, the Intel HD Audio controller or SoundBlaster 16 card. In any case, you can choose which VirtualBox audio driver will be used on the host.
On the Linux host, depending on the configuration of your host, you can also choose between OSS, ALSA or PulseAudio subsystem. In newer Linux distributions, the Pulseaudio subsystem is preferable.
Since the Solaris hosts in VirtualBox 5.0 support only the OSS - SOLARIS AUDIO audio system is no longer supported by Solaris hosts.
Settings Network
Section " Net" in the window " Settings»The virtual machine allows you to configure how VirtualBox represents virtual network cards for your virtual machine and how they work.
When you first create a virtual machine, the default VirtualBox includes one virtual network card and selects it for it " Broadcast network addresses"(NAT). Thus, the guest can connect to the outside world using the host network, and the outside world can be connected to services on the guest computer, which you made visible outside the virtual machine.
This default setting is good for, probably 95% of VirtualBox users. Nevertheless, VirtualBox is extremely flexible in how it can virtualize the network. It supports many virtual network cards on a virtual machine, the first four of which can be detailed in the "Manager" window. Additional network cards can be configured on the command line using VBoxManage.
Introduction to network modes
Each of eight network adapters can be configured separately to work in one of the following modes:
Not connected
In this mode, VirtualBox reports the guest that there is a network card, but there is no connection - as if the Ethernet cable is not inserted into the map. Thus, you can "pull out" the Ethernet virtual cable and disrupt the connection, which can be useful to inform the guest operating system on the inability to connect to the network and ensure reconfiguration.
Network Address Broadcast (NAT)
If you just want to view web pages, download files and view email Inside the guest, then this default mode will be enough for you, and you can safely skip the remaining part of this section. Note that when using sharing windows files There are certain limitations.
Network Nat.
Nat Nat is a new NAT version embedded in VirtualBox 4.3. Network Address Translation Service (NAT) Works similarly to a home router, grouping systems that use it on the network, and does not allow systems outside this network to directly access systems inside it, but allows systems inside to interact with each other and with systems outside using TCP and udp via IPv4 and IPv6.
Network Bridge
This is for more complex network tasks, such as network modeling and running servers in the guest system. When enabled, VirtualBox connects to one of the installed network cards and communicates directly by network packets, bypassing network stack Your operating system.
Internal network
This can be used to create another network based on software that is visible for selected virtual machines, but not for applications running on the host or in the external world.
Virtual host adapter
This can be used to create a network containing a host and a set of virtual machines, without the need for a physical network interface. Instead, the host creates a virtual network interface (similar to the LOOPBACK interface), which provides interaction between virtual machines and the host.
Universal Driver
Rarely used modes use the same shared network interface, allowing the user to choose a driver that can be enabled in VirtualBox or distributed in the extension package.
At the moment there are potentially two available under-modes:
UDP tunnel
This can be used for direct, simple and transparent interaction of virtual machines operating on different computers, with an existing network infrastructure.
VDE network (virtual distributed Ethernet)
This parameter can be used to connect to the Virtual Distributed Ethernet switch on Linux or FreeBSD host. At the moment it requires compilation of VirtualBox from sources, as Oracle packages do not include it.
The following table provides a brief overview of the most important network modes:
| VM ↔ Host. | VM1 ↔ VM2. | VM → Internet | Vm ← Internet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual host adapter | + | + | - | - |
| Internal network | - | + | - | - |
| Network Bridge | + | + | + | + |
| Network Address Broadcast (NAT) | - | - | + | Forwarding ports |
| Network Nat. | - | + | + | Forwarding ports |
COM ports (serial ports)
VirtualBox. simple way Fully supports virtual serial ports on a virtual machine.
USB settings
USB support
Section " USB" in the window " Settings»The virtual machine allows you to configure the complex USB support VirtualBox.
VirtualBox allows virtual machines Directly access USB devices on your host. For this, VirtualBox represents a guest operating system with a virtual USB controller. As soon as the guest system begins to use the USB device, it will not be available on the host.
Note:
- Be careful with USB devices that are currently used on the host! For example, if you allow your guest when you activate it to connect to your hard uSB diskwhich is currently installed on the host, then this disk will be disconnected from the host without proper disconnection. This can lead to data loss.
- The Solaris hosts have several well-known restrictions on USB support.
In addition to the guest access permission to your local USB devices, VirtualBox allows you even to your subscribers to connect to remote USB devices using VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension (VRDE).
In the dialog box Settings»You can first configure whether USB is available in the guest system, and then select USB support level: OHCI for USB 1.1, EHCI (which will also turn on OHCI) for USB 2.0 or XHCI for the entire USB speed.
Note: XHCI and EHCI controllers are supplied as a VirtualBox extension package, which should be installed separately. Additional information See "".
When USB support is enabled for a virtual machine, you can determine in detail which devices will be automatically connected to the guest. To do this, you can create so-called "filters" by specifying certain properties of the USB device. USB devices with an appropriate filter will be automatically transmitted by the guest after they are connected to the host. USB devices without an appropriate filter can be handed to a guest, for example, using the menu Devices / USB devices.
Click on the button " + »Right from the window" Filters uSB devices "Creates new filter. You can give a filter name (for reference to it later) and specify the filter criteria. The more criteria you will specify, the more accurate devices will be selected. For example, if you specify only the identifier of the 46D provider, all devices created by Logitech will be available to the guest. On the other hand, if you fill in all fields, the filter will be applied only to a specific device model from a particular supplier, and not to other devices of the same type with another version and serial number.
The following criteria are available in the USB filter properties:
- Identifier supplier and product. Each supplier of USB products has an identification number, unique worldwide, "Supplier identifier. Similarly, each row of products is assigned the number "Product Identifier". Both numbers are usually written in hexadecimal form (that is, they consist of numbers 0-9 and letters a-f), and the colon separates the supplier from the product identifier. For example, 046D: C016 means Logitech as a supplier and M-UV69A Optical Wheel Mouse.
In addition, you can also specify " Manufacturer"And" Product" by the name.
To list all USB devices connected to your machine with the appropriate identifiers of suppliers and products, you can use the following command:
Vboxmanage List USBHOST.
In Windows, you can also see all USB devices connected to your system in device manager. In Linux you can use the command lsusb..
- Serial number. Although the identifiers of suppliers and products are already sufficiently specific to identifying USB devices, if you have two identical devices of one brand and product line, you will also need serial numbers For their correct filtering.
- Remote. This parameter indicates whether the device will be only local or remote (only via VRDP) or any other.
On the Windows host you need to disable and connect the USB device again to use it after creating a filter for it.
For example, you can create a new USB filter and specify the identifier of the supplier 046D (Logitech, Inc), the manufacturer's index 1 and "not deleted". Then any USB guest systems created by Logitech, Inc with the manufacturer 1 index will be visible to the guest system.
Several filters can choose one device - for example, a filter that selects all Logitech devices, and the one that selects a specific webcam.
You can deactivate Filters without removing them by clicking the checkbox next to the filter name.
Common folders
Shared folders allow you to easily exchange data between the virtual machine and your host. This feature requires the VirtualBox guest add-ons on a virtual machine. It will be described in more detail in the part dedicated to guest additions, in the "" section.
User interface
Section " User interface»Allows you to change some aspects of the user interface of this virtual machine.
Link menu
This widget allows you to disable specific menus (click on the menu item to release it), some entries of the menu (uncheck the checkbox in the item to shut down) and the menu bar fully (uncheck the right check box).
Mini Tulbar
In full screen or screen integration, the VirtualBox screen can display a small toolbar containing some items that are usually available in the virtual machine menu bar. This toolbar boils down to a small gray line while you do not press it with the mouse. Using the toolbar, you can return from the full screen or screen integration mode, perform the control of the machine or turn on certain devices. If you do not want to see the toolbar, disconnect this option.
The second setup allows you to display the toolbar at the top of the screen, and not show it down.
Bar status
This widget allows you to disable certain icons in the status bar (uncheck the flag from the icon to turn it off) to change the icons in places (for this drag the icon) and completely disable the status bar (uncheck the left checkbox).
Hello everyone! Today it will be about virtual. Yes, not about the Natasha virtual, the one is sitting in VKontakte, but about the virtual machine.
Long ago, in one of my previous articles, or rather in the article "", I promised to tell about how to install and properly configure VirtualBox virtual machine for testing programs, check them on gluing and analyzing viruses.
Since then, a lot of time has passed, and the other day, when I finally dared conscience, I finally decided to fulfill the promised. This article will be the first part of the manual. It will talk about proper setting Virtual machine, and in the next article - on the analysis of malicious programs. Well, friends, drove!
- Virtual machine
- What is a virtual machine?
- What virtual machine is the author?
- Virtual machine VirtualBox
Virtual
What is a virtual machine?
Virtual machine (VM - Virtual Machine) or in common virtuette - software and / or hardware system that emulates the hardware of some platform (target - target, or guest platform) and executing programs for the Target platform on the Host platform (Host - host Platform, owner platform). Deeper theoretical knowledge you can learn on Wikipedia.
Why do you need a virtual machine?
Virtualization allows you to create an operating system in the operating system and test programs without installing them on the main machine. Also virtualization allows you to engage in a pen. Instead of hacking out other people's computers (what you know is considered to be illegal and punishable) to find or use vulnerabilities for hacking operating systems and other software at home. Learn more about how to properly configure the network on a virtual machine for penzes, I will tell you later in a separate article.
My friends, if you want to be a little more than just a computer user, you should be able to use a virtual machine and do it right.
I was often asked how I check the programs. For testing white software I use VirtualBox virtual machines and VMware Workstation.. For a gray software, I do not use virtual machines, for this I have a separate computer - quarantine, which was assembled specifically for this purpose. I did it for two reasons:
- To secure the entire home network, as physically my viral laboratory is not connected to the network at all.
- And in order for malicious programs to be able to determine the use of a virtual machine. You probably know that viruses have such protection that can determine and not launch the mechanism of infection to prevent the child and the subsequent analysis of malware.
What is the best virtual machine?
That's a moot point. Under it, we have a separate article "". Read at leisure, in the beginning of the article on the photo you will find a friend of today's credit bodies # chka.
Virtual machine VirtualBox
Looking at the links, above you already realized that there are a large number of virtuals. The question arises: "Why exactly a virtual boxing?" - After all, he is not the best. Yes, not the most, but this is free and already native. Therefore, in this instruction will be about installing VirtualBox.
Download VirtualBox.
You need to download VirtualBox from the developers site, not with trackers and non-software portals. Downloaded from torrent trackers VirtualBox can be glued with malicious. And on soft-portals, the version can be outdated, and even with all sorts of vulnerabilities. With the help of which Malwar, i.e. Malname may run away from the guest car and bite you a little o_0.
You can download VirtualBox on the official website for this link. Free download are available versions for operating systems:
- Windows
- Mac OS X.
- Linux
- Solaris X-86
What version to download me?
Based on how your operating system you have. In this article, I will install VirtualBox on Windows 10. Installing VirtualBox to all versions of Windows identical.
Go to the official website and download the installation file.
The file weighs about 120MB, after installation it takes 150MB on the disk (not counting the installed virtual machines).
So, after we downloaded the latest version of the Boxing Virtual Let's start setting. Run the program and click "Next". After that, the component selection window will appear. There is nothing without changing the "Next".
In the next window there is nothing to do with me once again with "Next".
Now a window will appear, which suggests that during the installation of the program will temporarily disable the Internet. Click "Yes".
Once again "Next". And at the end of "finish". This tedious installation process is completed.
Setting up VirtualBox
We now move on to setting up virtuals and installation of the operating system.
If you have a Russian language in the system, the program automatically swinging the interface language to Russian when you first start. If this did not happen, then go to the "File" menu -\u003e "Settings" and on the Languages \u200b\u200btab, select your language.
In principle, in the settings of the Virtual Boxing, there is no need to change anymore, but if you are in the subject and you know what you are doing, you can wander there a little.
Creating a virtual machine
Press the "Create" button.
In the settings window, specify the name (in the future you can change), type and version of the operating system. Keep in mind than older windows versionThe less resources must be allocated. I install Windows 10, and how you know it is quite demanding to resources. Microsoft argues that the minimum requirements of Windows 10 for full-fledged work: 1GB for 32-bit and 2GB for 64-bit, but this is garbage. In such settings, you will not be able to test any programs, the only thing you can do is to do masochism.
Therefore, set the maximum possible amount of virtual memory. I have 32GB, and I usually highlight 8GB for a virtual machine. Sometimes even more, it all depends on the tasks and from how much virtual machines run simultaneously. 
At the end, click the "Create" button and go to creating a virtual hard disk. Minimum hard disk size for Windows 10: 16GB for 32-bit version and 20GB for 64-bit. We put a minimum of 80GB and celebrate the checkbox "Dynamic Size" checkbox.
You can also change the locations of the virtual machine. If there is a possibility, then in terms of speed, it is better to install on an SSD drive. Usually it is a C.
All thoroughly check and press the "Create" button.
Setting up a virtual machine
Now the right click on the created virtual machine open the settings. On the menu " General»Go to the" Advanced "tab and turn off the use of the general clipboard and the Drag'ndrop function.
On the menu " System»Go to the Processor tab and set the number of virtual machine processors. I have 4, so I put 2 pieces. If you have 2, exhibit 1 TsP. And the processor load slider to the maximum.
In the same menu, go to the "Acceleration" deposit and celebrate all checkboxes.
In the "Network" menu, turn off the network adapter. But in some situations, dealing with viruses, you may need to include an adapter. If you enable, disconnect the Internet by selecting the connection type "not connected" in the drop-down menu. And if you want the Internet, configure a separate network without using the NAT connection. Last for paranoids.
On the menu " USB"Clean the checkbox from Checkbox" Enable USB Controller ".
On the menu " Common folders»Add a folder where we will throw off for our virtual machine required programs. Click on the icon from the right and the window that appears, configure the shared folder. Select the path where will be located a shared folderAnd be sure to check the ticks as shown on the screen below. In particular, the read-only checkbox.
If you use a virtual machine for another purpose, for example, to test operating systems, then in this case you can skip this checkbox. But if you create a virtual machine to check suspicious programs and viruses, then, of course, you should enable read-only feature.
Installing Windows on Virtual Box Virtual Machine
In the main window of the program, we celebrate our virtual machine and click on the Green button "Run". The virtual machine will start and immediately give an error. This is normal, to install the operating system, you need to load the disk image. To do this, in the drop-down menu "Devices" -\u003e "Optical disks" click "Select a disk image".
All, now it is necessary to follow the steps of the OS installation.
Additions of the guest OS.
After the process of installing the operating system is completed, the guest OS supplements must be installed. To do this, in the drop-down menu "Devices", click on the "Connect the disk image of the auxiliary add-ons". Look at the screen above.
After that, follow the installation stages. There is nothing difficult there, just where you need to click "Next", and then overload the virtual machine.
In addition, after installing Windows, in the operating system itself must be turned on. Desktop.ini files will be on the desktop, but there is nothing to do it, it is necessary to measure it.
Now you need to install all the necessary programs and utilities. To work with the registry, you can install the regshot utility, which we told in detail the article in detail. I will talk about all other tools for analyzing programs and viruses later in a separate article.
If you do not want to wait and want to get to work right now, here's another thing you need to do. While Windows is clean, it is necessary to take a status snapshot or clone the operating system.
Snapshots VirtualBox allow you to roll back the operating system to one click to last. This is done so. After you configured Windows and installed all the necessary programs in the Main Window, select the desired virtual machine and press the blue "snapshots" button.
After that, we are waiting for the end of the process of creating a picture of the operating system.
Now we can establish and test everything downloaded in the network.
If you want to install another or more operating systems on your computer, and absolutely different, it will be very erroneous to try to set these operating systems to the hard disk partitions. With such an error, we have to face quite often. Nothing but problems with loading and spending hard disk places such an approach does not succeed. How to get out of the situation? There is a wonderful solution - a virtual machine! How to install and configure a virtual machine using an example of Oracle VM VirtualBox? Read in this article ...
One of the reasons why we needed it was named and it sounded as the need to get anonymous Internet access. What else can make you to create a virtual machine VIRLUALBOX? For example, you have never seen a Linux operating system in operation, but there is a desire to try, and I don't want to "demolish" the Windows running Windows. Or you need to try in the work new software package, in the stable job of which you are not sure or doubt that you need it at all. You can do all this without harm for the main operating system using a virtual machine.
A bit of terms for proper understanding Topics. The operating system (OS) on which the virtual machine (VM) is launched is called the host by the operating system or just the host. The operating system that we run is called the guest operating system. Guesthouse OS may coincide with the host type. For example, we can run Windows 7 over Windows 7, this is the easiest option for virtualization systems. It is much more interesting to experiment with different types OS, for example, run Linux over Windows than today and will deal with as an example.
For a start, we will need distributive VM, or in a common installation file. It is easier to find it simple, but in order not to make you unnecessary workouts, I'll just give a link to the download page:
You will only need to choose a link corresponding to your OS, for the case of Windows, at the time of writing it looks like this: VirtualBox 4.1.18 for windows Hosts x86 / AMD64. This means that the same distribution will be used both for 64-bit and for a 32-bit OS. Download the file on the corresponding OS link and start the installation. In the case of Windows 7, you will be asked to confirm the launch and allow changes.
After starting the installation, click Next, which means "next" in Russian, do not change the set of components proposed by the installer.
For a successful installation, we will need about 140 MB of free space on system disk. Yes, and to install the guest OS, we will still need from 5 to 25 GB of free space on any partition of the hard disk to accommodate the virtual disk of the guest OS.
We receive a warning about the possible short-term disappearance of the network connection. This is due to the installation of additional network drivers VM.
Click YES and wait for a few minutes until the installation is over.
Hooray! The first stage is almost finished. It remains to press Finish, you leave the launch mark after you install it allocated that after the installation is completed, it should lead to the launch of VIRTUALBOX VM.
If no failures occurred at the installation stage, as a result, this window will appear. Only one button in the form of a blue sun stench will be active in it - create. To create a VM and further installation of the guest OS, it is necessary for us.
Now go directly to the creation of VM. Press Create, enter the name of our future system (it can be, in principle, arbitrary), as a type of OS, select Linux as a version we leave Ubuntu.
After clicking NEXT, you will be offered to set the required memory available to the guest OS. Watch that the slider does not come out for the green zone, but also was sufficient. If 1GB of RAM is installed in your computer, no more than 512MB will be available for the guest OS. In general, for the guest OS, it is possible to highlight no more than half of the amount of memory installed in your computer.
Now it's time to highlight the place for the Virtual Disk of the Guest OS. The spaces offered 8GB should be enough with your head to install the system if you do not plan all your data in the future to save on the VM drive.
Disc Type Leave VDI - This is a native format for VirtualBox. Once again, NEXT, now we see the choice between the dynamic and fixed type of disk. Each type has its advantages, the dynamic will occupy less space and grow as it fills, and the fixed immediately will take the full volume allocated to it, but will work faster. Personally, I prefer dynamic.
By default, the VM drive will be located in the C: \\ Users \\ user name \\ VirtualBox VM \\, where the "username" is the name of your account In Windows 7. In other OS, everything will be slightly different. We leave the proposed volume of the VM disk unchanged or change if you need to be chained or highlight an additional place. Next click Next.
We read that we have happened in the end, if everything is planned - confirm by pressing the Create button.
The car is ready, to start the VM, it remains to connect an image boot disk To the drive of VM or indicate that we will use the physical drive of optical disks if the installation disk you already have on a separate optical carrier. To do this, press the available property button available, select the media from the left. In the form of information media there is an IDE controller to which is tied virtual drive, now it is empty. On the right under the inscription attributes you need to either mark the Live CD / DVD item if optical disk Inserted into your CD / DVD drive, or by pressing the icon with the image of the disk to the right, select the location of the installation image of the guest OS.
After the choice, everything should look like this:
Now about where to take the image. It is available on the link from this page: http://xubuntu.org/getxubuntu/.
To download the image, we will need a program that can upload torrent links. It can be an Opera browser that can do, or, for example, UTorrent for Windows. You can download from here: http://www.utorrent.com/intl/en/downloads/complete?os\u003dwin. About the dangers and benefits of downloading through torrent links can be argued for a long time, but in this case it is the easiest, reliable and fast way to get the necessary image of the disk.
Now you can start the launch of the created VM, and for one and see what one of the varieties of Linuxes looks like. In the future, it will still be possible to dig in the properties of the VM, change different parameters and see how it affects the work of the VM, but it will not leave for independent work in curious.
After launching VM, you need to wait for the appearance graphic Screen With the choice of installation language, select the Russian language and click the "Install Xubuntu" button. The system will check the parameters of your VM, and if everything is in order to continue the installation. You can also select the items to install updates and install third-party developers, it will save it from the need. manual setting Flash and codecs for listening mp3. Next, the installer will propose to erase the disk and install the Xubuntu. Boldly agree, because Nothing other than the virtual section in the guest OS is unavailable, and nothing will disappear on the real OS and will not erase. Planning and formatting the disk Installer will conduct independently, so we choose to continue. It remains to choose the time zone, for everyone he is yours, and where you read this article - I can not even assume. We choose your location on the mouse map, and what is the belt there knows the belt itself. For my computer, the system issued a location Zaporozhje. Next, choose the keyboard layout most likely it will be Russian if you do not prefer something else. It remains to enter your name and come up with a password, the system will check the password coincide in two fields of input and will appreciate its complexity. Choose such a password that you are able to remember, but do not enter something like: 123, QWERTY, PASSWORD, TEST, User, GOD, etc. - such passwords are calculated in a couple of minutes by hardworking "commander". It is not necessary to wisely in a measure, a password of type - G% 4V $$ Q12 & HB will be recognized as reliable, but for sure will be lost in the head and on a piece of paper.
Now the system will install the necessary packages and upon completion will ask to restart the VM. During installation, it is desirable that the computer is connected to the Internet, this will allow you to immediately install some system updates. In the process of installation in the form of a slide show, the user is acquainted with the main applications and features of the interface, so do not be lazy, see and read everything there on slides. In the future, this will save time and strength to perform practical tasks in the system. After the reboot, the last touch remained, set the additions of the guest OS. To do this, from the VM menu, select the device partition and install the guest OS add-ons. In the virtual drive of the guest OS, the disk with additional drivers will be mounted for the guest OS. In our case, you will need to run an application with the name VboxlinuxAdditions.Run, moreover, you need to do with administrator rights. Press the right mouse button on a free place in the window with the contents of the virtually drive. Select item context menu Open terminal. In the window that opens, type the command:
sudo ./vboxlinuxadditions.run
Click ENTER, then you need to enter the password, the one that we entered at the beginning of the installation, I hope you have not yet forgotten it, press the ENTER again and wait for the installation. Upon completion, reboot the system of the guest OS. In the upper right corner of the screen, there is an inscription with the name of the user, press it with the left mouse button on it and select the item to restart.
This is the result should wait for us in the final, if everything went without errors. If something happens not like that - write, try to figure it out.
By setting one day a virtual machine and realizing how it is easy, you will probably want to try to install something yourself. Everything that needs it is ISO Image installation disk And choose the right OS type. Explore the first systems that are in the VirtualBox list, do not grab immediately for setting up Mac OS X 10.8 Lion. Over time, you will learn how to do this, but then you will figure out in detail in all the intricacies of the VM. For now you can experiment with the Xubuntu installed system, it seems to me, it deserves your attention.
We have successfully done one of the steps that brought us closer to anonymity on the Internet. To complete the path, we still have to install the package allows you to hide the real IP address of our computer - Tor Project, but about this in detail next time. Good luck and thank you for reading our blog!
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