1 What is multimedia technology their purpose. Multimedia technologies. The concept of multimedia. Entertainment and Fine Arts
Ministry of Education of the Republic of Belarus
Establishment of education
"Baranovichi State University"
Faculty advanced training and retraining of personnel in the field of economics and education
Department information systems and technology
COURSE WORK
by discipline Technique teaching informatics
Subject:
Executor:
Listener c. 206.
Specialty "Informatics"
Belick Tatyana Sergeevna
Leader:
Teacher
Golovan Tatyana Vitalevna
Baranovichi 2007.
Introduction ................................................... ................................................. 2.
Chapter 1 Multimedia: Concept, Composition, Application ............................. 5
1.1. Course content requirements....................................................... 5
1.2. Multimedia. Composition of multimedia: text, graphics, sound, animation, video. Application of multimedia technology................................................ 6
1.3. Hardware and Multimedia Technology Software.. 9
1.4. Sound in multimedia. MIDI sound and digital sound. Playing ringtones with sound compacts using universal software. Recording speech into a digital file and listening to speech................................................... 16
1.5. Text in multimedia....................................................................... 20
1.6. Graphics in Multimedia.................................................................. 21
1.7. Animation in multimedia................................................................. 25
Chapter 2. Use software
To create presentations ................................................. .......................... thirty
2.1. Using software
To create presentations...................................................................... 30
2.2 Stages of work on the presentation............................................... 33
2.3 Familiarity with the main elements of the program...................... 34
2.4 Choosing a Presentation Method......................................... 38
2.5 Entering text.................................................................................. 39
2.6 Adding sound............................................................................ 43
2.7 Addition graphic objects ............................................... 44
2.8 Apply Animation Effects................................................. 47
2.9 Setting and presenting the presentation.................................. 48
Conclusion ............................................................... ......................................... 52.
List of sources used .................................. 56
Application................................................. ......................................... 57.
Introduction
Currently, a new stage of computerization of various activities caused by the development of multimedia (Multimedia) has been observed in the world. Graphics, animation, photo, video, sound, text In the interactive mode of operation create an integrated information environment in which the user acquires qualitatively new features. The widest use of multimedia technology has been found in education - from university audiences to home conditions. Multimedia products are successfully used in various information, demonstration and promotional purposes, the introduction of multimedia in telecommunications stimulated the rapid growth of new applications.
Undoubted advantage and feature of technology are the following features of multimedia, which are actively used in the presentation of information:
· The possibility of storing a large amount of different information on one carrier (up to 20 volumes of the author's text, about 2000 and more high-quality images, up to 60 minutes of video recording, up to 7 hours of sound);
· The ability to increase (detail) on the image screen or its most interesting fragments, sometimes in a twenty-fold increase (Magnifier mode) while maintaining the image quality. This is especially important for the presentation of works of art and unique historical documents;
· Ability to compare the image and processing with a variety of software with research or cognitive objectives;
· The possibility of selection in the accompanying image by text or other visual material "hot words (regions)", according to which the immediate receipt of reference or any other explanatory (including visual) information (hypertext and hypermedia technologies) are carried out;
· The possibility of implementing a continuous music or any other audio fracture corresponding to a static or dynamic visual row;
· Ability to use video phrases from movies, video recordings, etc., the "Stop frame" functions, frame-by-frame "scrolling" video;
· The possibility of inclusion in the contents of the database disk, methods of processing images, animation, etc.;
· Ability to connect to the global Internet network;
· Ability to work with various applications (textual, graphics and sound editors, cartographic information);
· The ability to create your own "galleries" (samples) from the information provided in the product;
· The ability to "memorize the path traveled" and creating "bookmarks" on the on-screen "page";
· The ability to automatically view the entire content of the product ("slideshow") or the creation of an animated and voiced "guide guide" on the product ("talking and showing user manual"); inclusion in the product of gaming components with information constitues;
· The possibility of "free" navigation on information and output to the main menu, on a complete table of contents or at all from the program at any point of the product.
It is obvious that the rich features of the multimedia suggest its widest use in the information sphere, and accordingly, an increasing number of specialists owning this technology are required. The study of multimedia technologies is not yet included in the mandatory school course of informatics, but familiarization with multimedia is included in the profile course of informatics for high school students.
Purpose term paper It is the development of methodological recommendations for training high school students to create multimedia projects by means of the MS Power Point program.
Chapter 1
Multimedia: Concept, Composition, Application
Course content requirements
The study of multimedia technologies in the profile informatics course is regulated by the educational standard "Informatics" in the section "Presentation technologies" as part of the content line "Computer Information Technologies".
The computer science program for secondary schools (elevated) to study multimedia technologies is provided for 11 hours. The main purpose of training is to introduce students with multimedia technologies and their use when preparing computer presentations. The following requirements are presented to the knowledge and skills of students:
Students should know:
the concept of "multimedia"; Hardware and software multimedia technologies; the possibility of using multimedia technologies in various spheres of human activity; Multimedia components; Differences of MIDI sound from digital audio, animation types.
Students should be able to:
create a computer presentation using specialized software; Play melodies sound Files on the computer; write the speaking speech on the computer and reproduce it; Use the effects of animation and build animated pictures when creating presentations.
It is proposed to take to consider the main number of hours:
1. Multimedia. Composition of multimedia: text, graphics, sound, animation, video. Application of multimedia technologies. (1 h.)
2. Hardware and software multimedia technologies. (2h.)
3. Sound in multimedia. MIDI sound and digital sound. Playing ringtones with sound compacts using universal software. Recording speech into a digital file and listening to speech. (1 h.)
4. Text in multimedia. (1 h.)
5. Graphics in multimedia. (1 h.)
6. Animation in multimedia. (2 h.)
7. Using software for preparing computer presentations. (3 hours)
Multimedia. Composition of multimedia: text, graphics, sound, animation, video. Application of multimedia technology
Currently, multimedia technology has been widespread in the field of information technology. Use in the interactive mode of operation of graphics, video, text, sound, animation involves the widest possible application of multimedia applications.
The emergence of multimedia systems is prepared both with the requirements of practice and with the development of theory. However, a sharp jerk that occurred in this direction over the past few years is provided primarily by the development of technical and system equipment. This is the progress in the development of PEVM: sharply increased memory, speed, graphic features, characteristics external memory, Achievements in the field of video equipment, laser drives - analog and CD-ROM, as well as their mass implementation. An important role was also also developed by the development of methods for quick and efficient compression / scanning data.
The development of multimedia products is paid to a lot of attention, especially when it comes to creating computer encyclopedias, electronic textbooks, entertainment and cognitive programs, etc.
What is a multimedia product? Firstly, this is a software product providing an interactive user, that is, a dialogue, operating mode, which involves the exchange of teams and answers between man and computer. Secondly, this is a medium where a variety of video and audio effects are used.
Thus, the multimedia product is an interactive computer development, which can contain musical accompanies, video clips, animation, galleries of paintings and slides, various databases, etc.
Multimedia is the amount of technologies that allow the computer to enter, process, store, transmit and display (output) such data types such as text, graphics, animation, digitized still images, video, sound, speech.
Press the computer user button can fill the text screen; by pressing the other, it will cause video information related to text data; When you press the next button, a musical fragment will sound. For example, Bell Canada, providing public, personal and commercial communication services for all Canada, uses multimedia tool to identify and troubleshoot the telephone network. Special programs Contain thousands of scanned manuals for the repair of equipment, which are provided to use the staff of technical support and analysts. Each multimedia workstation can display any section of the network schema. When a malfunction is detected, a beep is served and a place is shown where the accident occurred. Also the system can be sent by e-mail Or fax all the necessary information of the brigade of repairmen derived to the object. The voice accompaniment system allows you to listen to the information and comments necessary for diagnosis and analysis in the event of an emergency.
Multimedia products can be divided into several categories depending on which consumer groups they are oriented. One is intended for those who have a computer at home - these are training, educational programs, all sorts of encyclopedias and reference books, graphic programs, simple music editors, programs for children, games, etc.
Another category is a business application. Here Multimedia serves for other purposes. With it, it is held presentations, it becomes possible to organize the videoconference "live", and voice mail replaces the office PBX.
Another few product group is oriented exclusively on professionals. These are the means of producing video films, computer graphics, as well as homemade music studios.
The capabilities of multimedia technology are endless. In business applications, multimedia are mainly used for training and presentations. For a long time, programs, training users of foreign languages, which are in interactive form, are proposed to pass several lessons, from the study of phonetics and alphabet before replenishing the vocabulary and writing of the dictation. Thanks to the built-in speech recognition system, the trainee pronunciation is monitored. Perhaps the most main feature Such training programs are their unobtrusion, because the user itself determines the place, time and duration of the lesson. Due to the presence of feedback and a live environment of communication, the multimedia training system has amazing efficiency and significantly increase the motivation of learning.
The concept of "multimedia"
The term "Multimedia" is a Latinism, penetrated from English-speaking sources to various languages \u200b\u200bin almost initial transcription. It happens from the connection of the Latin words "multum »(Many) and" Media, Medium "(Mentorticity, means, method). Thus, literally "Multimedia" means "many environments".
The concept of "multimedia" is used in various fields of human activity. The computer sphere is the development of sites, hypertext systems, computer graphics, computer animation, etc.; in the media - journalism, including Internet journalism, speech and social communications, etc.; In art - network art, computer animation, computer video editing, sound director, film, etc.
In the "Kirill and Methodius" encyclopedia, multimedia is defined as an electronic medium of information, which includes several types of it: text, image, animation, etc.
In the dictionary "The" Basic Concepts and Definitions of Applied Cybernetics "under multimedia means the interaction of visual and audio effects under the control of interactive software. This usually means a combination of text, sound and graphics in one electronic resource, and in lately Increasingly - animation and video.
Fig. 1.1. Examples of using animations in the course of network training "Mechanics"
I. Werner, the author of one of the first monographs about the multimedia translated in Russia in 1996, noted that the multimedia technology is one of the new technological forms of the information society. It opens a fundamentally new level of information processing and interactive interaction of a person with a computer (video, textual and audio information, computer graphics and animation can be arbitrarily adjusted, changed and / or displayed in a different form of data representation).
In the Systematics Directory "Informatics" on the Rubicon website http://www.rubricon.commultimedia Technology » defined as « computer technologyproviding the possibility of creating, storing and reproducing heterogeneous information, including text, sound and graphics (including moving image and animation) ".
Essentially that multimedia technology provides sharing Text, graphic images, sound, animation and video, that is, multimedia elements, using a computer or other electronic technology. The binding of multimedia elements into a single project is performed using software tools. The results of the representation of the multimedia elements on the screen and the multimedia control tools are called the user interface. Hardware and software that ensures multimedia playback is called platform or multimedia medium .
Multimedia environment it can take any shape and consist of any combinations: text, hypertext, two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics, animation, moving image (digital video and photo), music, sound effects. As a product of a new toolkit, multimedia means are absorbed by the advantages of all previous audiovisual means, but do not displace them.
Fig. 1.2. Fragments of the multimedia course "Mechanics and the theory of relativity"
Multimedia varieties include:
Linearmultimedia is the simplest form of representation of multimedia elements, when the user can only perform a passive viewing of multimedia elements, and the multimedia elements sequence is determined by the script.
Nonlinear (interactive) multimedia [INTERACTIVE (MULTI) MEDIA] - a form of a multitude of multimedia elements in which the user is given the ability to select and control the elements in the dialogue mode.
Hypermedia[HiperMedia, H - Media] - interactive multimedia in which the user is provided with the structure of the associated multimedia elements, which it can sequentially choose, that is, it Expanding the concept of hypertext on multimedia species organization of data record structures.
Live.video. - "Real / Live Video" - Characteristics of the multimedia system in terms of its ability to operate in real time.
At the same time, multimedia is a special kind of computer technology that combines both traditional static visual information (text, graphics) and dynamic (speech, music, video phrases, animation, etc.). This technological interpretation of the concept of "Multimedia" is used by specialists in the field of computer technology and makes it possible to include a wide range of information capabilities using various software and technical means in order to the most effective impact on the consumer who has become simultaneously reader / user information, and a listener, and Spectator.
That is, a multimedia can also be understood and a multimedia shell program, and a product made on the basis of multimedia technology, and computer equipment.
Fig. 1.3. Interactive Task Physics
Since multimedia technologies are complex , The individual elements of these technologies began to be denoted by independent terms, where the word "multimedia" is used as an adjective: multimedia processes, multimedia systems, multimedia programs, multimedia products, multimedia resources, multimedia services (although in order to prowness it was It would be correct to use the adjective "multimedia") in such phrases).
Fig. 1.4. Virtual fragment laboratory work "Experience of Millykein"
Fig. 1.5. Demonstration physical experiment
So, multimedia resources Different from non-menotimedia primarily by the fact that:
· may contain various types of information (not only textual, but also sound, graphic, animation, video, etc.);
· their essential feature is interactivity - the active interaction of the resource, program, services, and humans, their mutual influence. The user can take one or another intervals, thereby acting by its co-author;
· include hypertext.
Culture acts as a characteristic of the person himself, measures of its development as a subject of activity, the measures of mastering this subject with the conditions and methods of human activity in various spheres of public life. Such an understanding of the culture allows you to highlight the prospects for studying the nature of multimedia:
· cultural phenomenon of multimedia and its assessment by cultural scientists, theorists, practitioners and the cultural community;
· reflection of society, creators and users of multimedia on changes in the traditional cultural mentality due to high speed transformation of modern culture, which with technical innovations in the models of information and communication channels;
· digitalization (from English, Digital - digitization) of cultural heritage, which implies a comprehensive understanding of this problem by specialists not only by the actual information and technological, but also philosophical, cultural and socio-cultural spheres.
Applied component of culture is associated with the development and functioning of culture in various manifestations, forms of existence, carriers of translation and human activity, and also allows us to talk about the appearance of a new type of culture - electronic.
Currently, modern information and communication technologies, especially intensively developing Internet, are becoming an increasingly effective means of implementing individual creative potential and productive collective cooperation to solve common problems. Education based on the joint interests of local and international communities thanks to easily accessible and direct communication, as well as freedom of access to information as a whole, accelerates the development of culture and public relations, makes them dynamic.
A distinctive feature of modern information, primarily multimedia, technology is their ability not only to produce a certain product intended for use, but also, which is much more important, to have an indirect influence on a person who uses them by changing his ideas about himself. This is the result of such achievements of information society technologies as the invention of equipment " virtual reality»And the transformation of the Internet into the global computer network. New types of processing and providing information (CD - ROM, DVD , other electronic media), new ways of access to information (internet, technology "virtual reality", etc.) allow you to diversify our culture, promote the global exchange of moral, cultural, public values, information and knowledge, contribute to more intensive communication between people .
At all times, people lived in various societies in the "symbolic environment". The historical specificity of the modern new electronic communication system is that, in contrast to the former forms and the stages of the cultural development of mankind, the current "culture of real virtuality" is characterized by the global scale of its distribution and impact on all spheres of social life and human existence in general. The formation of initial forms of communication (from the monkered methods of communication, ideograms and sign forms of information transfer) to a certain extent prepared the soil for modern media communications analogues.
Since the exchange of information is the necessary component of society, the media technology, as an indirect link of human activity, are one of the ways of communication, the condition of human activity.
It is possible to conditionally divide media technologies for five types:
· early (complementary types and writing),
· printed (print, lithography, photo),
· electric (telegraph, telephone, sound recording),
· mass media (cinema, television, media),
· digital (computer, Internet).
Evolution in the field of multimedia is the result of the formation and development of each of the types of media and a new era, primarily electronic digital media (television and Internet). It is they who create a technical opportunity to create an ultrasound information field, which is almost everywhere surrounding a modern person.
At the same time, "integration in the same system of texts, images and sounds interacting from a variety of different points, in favorites (real-time or with delay), in global Network And in the conditions of open and inexpensive access fundamentally changed the nature of communication. So, during the 1980s. New technologies transformed the world of the media. The first attempts of the "traditional" Russian media lay out their materials on the Internet are dated to the end of 1994 - early 1995. At this time, the first online news service did not have an offline analogue (NSN). Since 1998, the formation of an independent industry of primary-network Russian media began. Electronic media (RBC.RU, Gazeta.Ru, Lenta.ru, etc.) today confidently lead.
The Internet has an important social function that other media communications cannot be realized. In various systems (servers, teleconference, chats, IRC, ICQ, etc.). The Internet forms an extensive space for communication, a field for the formation of relations other than those adopted in the real world, limited rituals and framework of social systems, cultures and subcultures. The Internet allows you to form an open community. Open in the sense of forms of behavior, types of information, the number and nature of the participants, the time of the existence of communities, the activity of each participant and the time of its existence in the community. All of the above variables have the highest flexibility and dynamism.
Communication is the central link of the digital future. Instead of physical presence, digital, electronic, creating new forms of social interaction, not subject to the laws of any particular state, not limited by language or social barriers. New community types appear - Micro: small associations of people outside geographical and other borders, new forms of exchange ideas, new forms of control and accounting information, "disappears" space, "eludes" time. The multimedia computer equipment and media technology of the era of electronic digital communications cease to be rigidly separated and to some extent merge, integrate. Multimedia is a modern phase in the development of culture, connecting the history and culture of communications.
Thus, multimedia as a new electronic communication tool, which is characterized by a global scale, integrating all media, as well as interactivity, irreversibly changes the culture of global communications. Multimedia distributes the area of \u200b\u200belectronic communications to all areas of life, stimulates the role of scientific knowledge as a source of innovations and political decisions, implies the possibility of self-sustaining technological growth and the creation of a new "intellectual" technology.
Multimedia as a form of artistic creativity
Multimedia should be viewed both as art where a special place belongs to visual-shaped information transfer: computer graphics, animation, video, etc. Some scientists believe that the beginning of the multimedia put the first person who made a drawing and inscription on the stone (see rice . 1.6). Then, in the absence of computer technologies, he tried to express himself with the help of that means, which is affordable due to objective reasons. The emergence of new technical means contributed to the emergence of adequate forms of artistic expression.
Fig. 1.6. Pictures of primitive man on stone - White Sea Petroglyphs
Multimedia - This is a new form of artistic creativity, which does not act as a product of the technological revolution, how many digital embodiments of ideas that are present in different kinds of art and activities for thousands of years.
Today, new art is born, which did not find the prospects for the implementation in the traditional framework of visual arts, screen species of culture, etc. It received the name "Network Art" (NetArt), "Cyberculture". At the same time, the computer is aware of as a means of modeling and demonstration in miniature of laws underlying artistic, scientific and technical creativity, as a means of creating a new work of art and even new types of art. It becomes another promising instrument for all arts, an alternative environment capable of reconstructing culture and create one's own research.
To date, a certain number of computer arts has developed: computer music, interactive computer performances, computer animation and computer graphics. Artists using computer products in their work are considered one of the main advantages of these creativity of the openness of the artistic space.
For example, computer graphics are a type of art that allows you to recreate images of painting, cinema and photographs. But these works of computer graphics are considered only those work that cannot be created using ordinary materials. They are a combination of high computer technologies and, if the artist wants, they have their own color, lighting, texture and movement that do not have any actually existing object or face (see Fig. 1.7).
A special role in this belongs to "interactive activities". The term "interactive" appeared in circulation for a long time. Its basic value is mutual, interoperative. With the development of computer technology, the possibilities of interactive art have sharply increased. Today, its area includes works of computer graphics and animation. On the Internet there is also a huge number of "art galleries", the interactivity of which is that you can admire the image in three-dimensional space, for example, to consider a statue from twenty different points.
Fig. 1.7. The modern product of computer graphics, which is based on a digital photograph of the works of a primitive man, that is, the same petroglyphs of the White Sea (author - Corpsienko N.G.).
"Technique" (Greek. Techne - art, skill, craft) - term simultaneously used for designation and art, and actually technicians. "Technology" (Greek Techne - Technique and Logos - Teaching) - a set of production transactions, techniques used in any matter; A combination of knowledge about the methods of processing materials, about production processes, etc.
The beginning of the era of multimedia technologies can be considered 1981, when the official presentation of the first personal computer at the IBM press conference in New York took place. It was a 16-bit processor with a working frequency of 4.77 megahertz, 64 kilobytes random access memory, With a 5.25 inches floppy drive.
In the 1990s. The development of multimedia goes to a new stage. Electronic telegraph appear, mobile phones. MPEG - DB compression, digital and satellite TV (Digital Satellite Television), DTT (Digital Terrestrial Television) become the reality of the beginning of the new millennium.
In 1995-1996 The generation of "Tehnarey" on the Internet is replaced by the generation of "Humanitarians". The Internet becomes accessible to many residents of large cities, design - "National Sports", and the concern for the server is a profession. Since that time, most technological innovations Multimedia is connected with the Internet.
Multimedia technologies that captured the market for desktop systems and high-corporate networks are becoming increasingly used on the Internet. Currently, the Internet interface capabilities allow you to submit information to the user in multimedia form. Thanks to the widespread WWW (World Wide Web), hypertext technology knows or at least use anyone who works on a computer. The basis of the WWW is a hypertext technology - a nonlinear form of writing text information with references to links to text fragments of any document located in an automated information system and the ability to quickly transition to these fragments. Links may include not only text information, but also graphic, audio, video, etc. For this kind of documents, hypermedia is already used, providing a link between multimedia objects.
Computerization and internetization of society occur in parallel with the approval of new labor styles, new values, information diversity, and these changes are not reduced only to the technical sphere, they are global in nature, penetrating in all areas of people's vital activity. Multimedia cannot exist in the modern world without technical development, but it is more than the technology of computer image and sounds. The idea of \u200b\u200bMultimedia is much wider: it is in cultural diversity and in the development of the changes that occur in a person under the influence of multimedia.
In the context set out here, the concept of "Multimedia" means the type of information technology, including a computer equipment, a multimedia program, a carrier of information; and the product made on the basis of multimedia technology - multimedia app; as well as the new form of an artistic expression; and modern tool communications; and business tool. This list can be continued.
Multimedia in learning
One of the possibilities of productive use of multimedia is training. Students hear and see didactic material, simultaneously actively participate in the management of its feed. For example, be returned to incomprehensible or especially interesting sections. Multimedia training programs, such as the language, make this process much more pleasant than the traditional way of memorizing by heart of foreign words, implementing a learning technique with passion.
It is known that in the process of learning, students are mastered no more than a quarter of the proposed material. Multimedia technology allows you to increase this indicator 2-3 times, as it provides the possibility of synergistic learning, i.e. At the same time visual and auditory perception of material, active participation in managing its feed, return to those partitions that require re-analysis.
The use of multimedia in education and training is promising both for general education and self-education, and for business and professional development of a specialist. The role of multimedia technologies in the development of distance education is especially great. In the future, the role of multimedia in the field of education will increase, as knowledge providing a high level of professional qualifications is always subject to rapid changes.
Multimedia educational uses of today's generation offer users a set of individual setting options, that is, a student, mastering the educational material, it means the speed of study, the volume of the material and the degree of its difficulty. Saving the time required to study a particular material is 30%, and acquired knowledge is saved in memory much longer.
Marketing experts have long been (before the multimedia applications in the system learning) have noticed a distinct link between the method, with which the student mastered the material, and the ability to recall (restore in memory) this material. For example, only a quarter of the check-in material remains in memory. If the student has the ability to perceive the material of the greatest, then the share of the material remaining in memory increases to one third. With a combined effect (through vision and hearing), the share of the assimilated material reaches half, and if involving a student in active actions in the study process, for example, using interactive learning programs such as Multimedia applications, the share of learned can be 75%.
Multimedia and informational support of various fields of activity
The presence of electronic encyclopedias, reference books, dictionaries carrying a huge amount of information, makes it possible to obtain entirely "libraries", powerful personal databases in any areas of life and activity (Fig. 1.8). Multimedia makes it possible to demonstrate video clips, documentary records, show, for example, in the encyclopedia about the animal world, thousands of birds with frames of their flights and the sound of bird votes. The multimedia publications available on the computer market are a reliable means of self-education, they are compact and easy to store, for example, network versions of CD encyclopedia, information portals, etc.
Modern information technologies allowed to proceed not only to the large-scale translation of the information accumulated by humanity into electronic form, but also to the creation of a large number of new information resources at once in in electronic format. This form of information presentation in addition to a significant acceleration of communicative processes makes it possible to organize the processes of production, storage and dissemination of information on a qualitatively new level. Security remote access The electronic resources became one of the priority tasks of the information service of all areas of activity, and primarily science, technology, education and culture.
Fig. 1.8. Example of electronic atlas with remote access.
In this regard, the role and functions of such a social institution, as the library - the main storage and distributor of information change. Currently, efficient information and library services is achieved by creating electronic libraries (Digital Libraries) - systems implementing a unified approach to production, storage and organization of various information in order to search, analyze and access it using global computer networks (Fig. 1.9 ).
Fig. 1.9. Electronic library of Petrozavodsky state
University http://elibrary.karelia.ru.
Multimedia and programming technology
Multimedia is a new technology for creating software products that delivering a non-professional user from the need for complex programming objects (sounds, dynamic graphics effects, dialog menu, etc.). This is implemented in special multimedia shells. In the preparation of programs on the basis of such multimedia shells, the element of creativity is significantly increasing.
Multimedia technology serves as a promising and reliable means allowing the creator of the texture (commercial, etc.) to provide arrays of information in a larger amount than the user can expect; clearly, in integrated form, include not only text, graphics, schemes, but also sound, animation, video, etc.; Take the types of information in the sequence that matches the logic of knowledge and the pace of perception of a particular user.
But only joint efforts, on the one hand, programmers who prepared good multimedia shells, and on the other hand, professionals who perfectly know their subject area can give a real and desired effect in the process of creating multimedia information resources.
Multimedia and computer simulation. Cybernetic space
Simulation programs make it possible to quite naturally present a certain reality with the help of a moving image and sound in combination with the interactive ability of such a system. Such systems at the beginning of their existence were very complex and expensive, therefore were used only for military needs. With the help of such a system, tank battles were simulated, air battles. Such an application is beneficial and financially, if you think about the enormous cost of one hour of real teachings. The modeling system for use in civil conditions has arisen as part of dual-use technologies (for example, in civilian air report companies). Here you can also lose situations (incidents, conjuncture), close to real life, find mistakes and conduct training
The first steps of computer simulation in the consumer market were very modest, but as powerful productive processors appear and increase the amounts of RAM on the market were created amazing and realistic gaming programs. For example, computer gamesin which the player has the ability to start with a simple training exercise, and then be a member of a number of events. And the video system writes the player's behavior during the game. In conclusion, the player can view his actions, maneuvers and even decisions taken during the game, and then draw conclusions.
The area in which the interaction of a person and a computer occurs and which is manifested in the created virtual (apparent) reality ─ also called CyberSpace (cybernetic space) - expands and enriches this new direction of application of multimedia. This virtual three-dimensional world map reacts dynamically to interactive communication with the user.
Already in the seventies, an interactive system was created in America, which, for example, registered the presence of a person in a room using a camcorder and movement sensors, then transmitted data to a computer that made appropriate effects. Of course, the technical capabilities of that time were still very limited and prevented the rapid development of this idea, but, as stated, the attempt was made twenty years ago.
Then a special helmet was created, in size somewhat more than the usual protective helmet of a motorcyclist, equipped with two small monitors located opposite the eyes. Monitors serve for the user "Eyes in the world", providing a complete electronic review. If the user turns his head, the image on the monitors also tracks the shift direction of the view without a noticeable delay. Gloves with sensors complement these equipment. With the help of sensors, the movement of the hand or even individual fingers into electrical pulses are converting. Sensors register the position of the hands and direction of their movement. Fiberglass cable, laid between two layers of fabric inside gloves, reacts, even if you move your finger. A comprehensive movement is transmitted by some virtual hand in the computer, and the question of response and reaction is solved there. Gloves allow you to simulate the lifting and lowering of the subject or opening and closing the doors, etc.
Further development The idea of \u200b\u200bgloves found in the development of a fully equipped suit sensors. Its construction is laid in the same principle of the transformation of body movements into electrical signals. Mainly supported by this development provided the American Space Office NASA, which wanted to manage, for example, robots with the help of these designs.
Multimedia and business
Multimedia systems are actively introduced into the business sphere. Business is becoming increasingly global and international, in fact, thanks to modern communications, the value of the office disappears, since the staff can work at home, in the car - anywhere. Already appear on the market of devices that provide remote online control over their workplace, apartment, etc. A new professional sphere is formed - electronic business.
The role of multimedia in institutions and offices increases markedly. This is connected not only with the automation area, but also with the improvement of conditions for the user, improving comfort in its work, as digital images and speech enliven dry programs and significantly improve perception. Increased tendency to enter into personal Computer Technical drawings and documents for further processing or documentation. There were changes in the field of speech entry into the computer - the task of recognition of individual clearly stated words and transform them into a digital signal is already solved. Identification of the speaker in his voice today is no longer surprised. However, the wide introduction of multimedia systems in the daily life of the Bureau and the office prevents, along with other technical problems, insufficient RAM.
Classic examples of multimedia technologies:
· area of \u200b\u200bdisplay advertising (POS \u003d POINT OF SALE - point of sale) when the client you have the opportunity to independently get the interenchanting their information. For example, in the operating rooms of banks, which provides information on loans offers, various banking operations, halls at exhibitions and fairs, halls of car dealerships, travel agencies, airports, railway stations, etc.;
· online shops and network kiosks, where the user can familiarize themselves with samples of goods, compare them with each other;
· virutal tours and tourist excursions;
· a variety of databases that provide information on manufacturers of a particular product, for example, the database "Russian General Register of Producers of Goods and Services";
· legal databases that are increasingly prepared with multimedia technology recently, not only giving text information, but also accompanying it with sound, visual effects.
Multimedia affects the course of economic development of society, giving birth to a new direction - e-business. Multimedia technologies are becoming an independent business and a professional area of \u200b\u200bactivity, the subject of business.
Multimedia and other spheres
Multimedia means turn the computer to the center of household, entertainment, information, sound and video equipment. It is impossible to overestimate the importance of multimedia in the development of the entertainment industry, creating computer games for children and adults. A significant amount of compact disk memory allows you to implement a variety of slot situations.
The special scope of multimedia represents network video conferencing systems. Video conferencing technologies underlie telemedicine systems, distance learning and computer support for distributed teams. In developed countries, these technologies are also widely used in commercial activities and in production management.
Video conferencing technology is significant for forums such as seminars, conferences, congresses, etc., which are an important form Exchange of professional information. The relevance of the development of video conferencing systems in Russia is due to the number of people inherent in our country: the presence of a significant amount of scientific and educational centers, disadvantage of funds to ensure an adequate level of traditional forms of scientific cooperation, such as national and international conferences, scientific business trips, etc. P.
Fig. 1.10. Fragment of video conferencing
Nowadays, the problems of anthropogenic climate change and environmental pollution are one of the most acute problems of the global nature. Therefore, environmental monitoring, the development of cosmic environmental monitoring is relevant scientific and practical tasks, the implementation of which implies the widespread use of telecommunication infrastructure, as well as hypertext and interactive information technologies. The problem of integrating national environmental information resources is also relevant, the creation of regional databases and the expansion of electronic collections based on the results of cosmic environmental monitoring. Research in bioinformatics, bioengineering was equally relevant.
Multimedia is used in cartography, in managing transport on highways, teaching the rules of driving the car, during training of pilots and cosmonauts. Collectors can be detailed slides catalogs with images of postage stamps, labels, art art galleries, etc.
Prospects for multimedia are diverse, the scope of application will expand, improving our world and opening new worlds, providing information to the global scale, changing not only the equipment, but first of all the person himself, his worldview.
Federal Agency Education
State educational institution
higher professional education
"St. Petersburg State
Engineering and Economic University "
Department of Computing Systems and Programming
abstract
"Multimedia tools, their appointment and application"
in the discipline "Informatics"
Manager M.O. Simimanova
Artist V. Alhushina
Group 3181.
St. Petersburg
2008
Introduction 2.
I. Started part 3.
1. Multimedia concept. 3.
2. Multimedia software. four
Graphics and photo images. five
2D graphics and animation. five
3D graphics and animation. 6.
Digital sound. 7.
Presentations and other multimedia products. 7.
3. Multimedia hardware. nine
Multimedia hardware: 9
Sound card. nine
Play sound. 10
Manipulators. 10
A virtual reality. eleven
Laser disks, CD-ROM. eleven
Video card. 12
TV tuners. 12
Frame - Grabber. 13
VGA-TV converters. fourteen
MPEG players. fourteen
II.Connection. fifteen
III. Literature list. sixteen
Introduction
That can provide a person to a terrific opportunity in creating a fantastic world (virtual reality), interactive communication with the outside world, when the user comes not in the role of a third-party passive contemplator, but takes an active part in the events unfolding there, communicating not in the usual language, but in the language of sound and video images? Yes, I am sure you guessed that we are talking about multimedia.
Multimedia is a full combination of computer and other information technologies: video, audio, photos, movies, telecommunications, not to mention the text and graphics. Using the multimedia applications, text, graphics, audio - and video information are combined into a single information field, just as the sound and moving image are combined in the movie. However, in contrast to the movie Multimedia is an interactive medium, i.e. The user can independently manage the multimedia presentation process using various input tools, as well as change, edit it using software and hardware.
In my abstract, I will try to reveal the meaning of the program and hardware media, I will give their various classifications, I will also talk about their appointment and application. But for this, in my opinion, it is necessary to get acquainted with the concept of multimedia.
Main part
1. Multimedia concept.
Term multimediait is used most often to play various effects on the computer display screen, which are created in the process of combining textual, graphic, sound and video information, as well as the use of animation technology. Creating and reproducing such effects is associated with the capabilities provided by the user interface. Such an interface is created in the process of interaction of hardware and software on a specific operating platform. Therefore, experts associate the concept of multimedia, first of all, with a certain technical standard of a personal computer (PC) and a set of software.
Under the term multimediameals a set of hardware and software that allows the user to work in a dialogue mode with information presented in the form of graphic, text, sound and video files forming a single information environment.It means that it should be assumed that the multimedia hardware and software complex is multimedia hardware and software systemor how it is customary to call a multimedia platform. Depending on the basic parameters and the functionality of the Multimedia hardware-software platform, one or another technology for creating, editing, connections to multimedia elements is formed. The quality of multimedia-application playback depends on the multimedia technology. .
Concept multimedia In the information environment, it is possible to interpret quite widely and narrowly. Wide application this concept It originated with the advent of laser CDs (CD-ROM) intended for storing a large amount of data. The first users of such disks were the owners of large databases, such as library directories. But with an increase in the technical characteristics of the PC, laser CDs have become an integral part of computer technologies for creating, storing and playing information. The need to work with a large amount of information when starting sound, images and video information in the computer influenced the formation of the main methods for creating multimedia technology. This technology is based on the method of connecting information objects created by various software tools.
The development of CD-ROM technology gave a powerful impetus to the formation of the production of a variety of programmatic multimedia products. Especially quickly began to develop the industry of computer games, contributing to the creation of a "virtual" world.
In multimedia products, ideas about the possibility of a person "travel" in time and space with the help of a technical means are really embodied. For achievement "The effect of reality of perception" The people and processes man uses all the senses that creates the effect of systemic perception of the phenomena of the world throughout its diversity. therefore reproduction of various effects from a combination of text, graphic, sound and video information is also called multimedia.
In a broad sense under multimedia it is customary to understand the result obtained by using the relationship of modern computer and telecommunications. These results include: video conferencing; multimedia advertising; multimedia presentations; Distance learning programs; computer games; The videos presented on CD-ROM CDs and much more.
In the technical sense multimedia presents it is a system of sharing a high-quality image, sound and video files with which you can implement individual user and dialog interfaces 1. User interface Multimedia allows you to create a variety of effects from a combination of various information that simulates real world objects, as well as phenomena or processes that are closest to reality.
Multimedia technology allowed to connect all the presentation of information that can be processed by computer tools. Therefore, the multimedia infrastructure is a whole range of interrelated methodological, technical, software, technological and production systems that allow you to create multimedia applications and products. [ 2.8-9] .
2. Multimedia software.
There are a large variety of software to develop multimedia applications. Unfortunately, the listing of all is impossible, we will dwell only on the most common programs. They can be divided into several categories:
Creation and image processing tools;
Means of creating and processing animation, 2D, 3D - graphics;
Means of creating and processing video image (video editing, 3D-titers);
Means of creating and processing sound;
Presentation tools.
Graphics and photo images.
One of the ways of representing the image in the computer - raster graphics 2 (Bitmap). In this case, the image is divided into elements (Pixels), which determine the size of the picture - x pixels in the width and y of pixels in height. An important characteristic is the color resolution of raster graphs, determined by the number of bits used to encode the color of each pixel (it is also called the number of bit planes). It is clear that the more bit planes in the file, the more space is required on the disk to save it.
Another way view - vector graphics 3. Vector images are saved as a geometric description of objects that make up the drawing. These images may also include data in raster graphics format. In vector formats, the number of bit planes is not defined in advance.
Graphic editors are focused on manipulating existing images (mainly scanned) and have a set of tools that allow you to adjust any image aspect. For instance: Adobe Photoshop. - Professional photo processing package. Supports work with layers and export objects from vector graphics programs. Possessed complete set Tools for color correction, retouching, adjustment of contrast and saturation of colors, masking, creating various color effects. More than 40 filters make it possible to create a variety of special effects. Many plug-in modules have been created by various manufacturers. .
2D graphics and animation.
In 2D animations, frame or CEL animation methods are used. The term CEL corresponds to a separate image (a separate phase of the character movement). Each new CEL image contains a change compared to the previous one, which is perceived as a movement. When there is a set of CEL images, one after another at a certain speed is created the effect of the animation movement of the object. In the programs there is a function of moving CEL images above the background on a specific path and generation of frames between certain initial and endpoints, i.e. Creating intermediate frames (twinning twinning). Applications in the computer image of morphing (transforming one object in another), deformation, i.e. The use of various optical effects and cyclic changes in light creates an animated effect. [ 1.101] .
CorelDraw. - a graphic editor with wide opportunities and a huge library of ready-made images, which has already become a classic vector drawing program. The package is designed not only for drawing, but also to prepare graphs and editing raster images. It has excellent file management tools and the ability to display the slide of the films on the computer display, allows you to draw from the hand and work with the layers of images, supports special effects, including three-dimensional, and has flexible opportunities for working with texts. .
3D graphics and animation.
Three-dimensional technology animation resembles puppet: it is necessary to create framework frameworks, identify materials that are tight, to conport all in a single scene, set lighting and chamber, and then set the number of frames in the film and the movement of items. The movement of objects in three-dimensional space is set by trajectories, key personnel and with the help of formulas connecting the movement of parts of complex structures. After the task of the desired movement, lighting and materials, the pro-process of visualization is launched. For some time, the computer calculates all the necessary frames and gives the finished film. The disadvantage is the excessive smoothness of forms and surfaces and some mechanistic movement of objects.
To create realistic three-dimensional images, various techniques are used. To create "uneven" objects, such as hair or smoke, use the technology of forming an object from a variety of particles. Inverse kinematics 4 and other revival techniques are introduced, new methods for combining video recording and animation effects are introduced, which allows you to make scenes and movements more realistic.
Full-featured 3D modeling package - Painter. 3 D. . It makes it possible to apply texture to objects, blows, light, reflection and glow, and also allows you to automatically update textures. Among other things, this package supports extensions (plugin), which makes it possible to use many standard and additional special effects. The package includes additions for Ray Dream Studio and 3D Studio Max. Import (exports) of objects from OBJ, DXF or 3DMF formats is also possible. Also, in creating three-dimensional animations, programs such as 3 D Studio Max and Light Wave 3 D. . .
Multimedia views
Multimedia is divided into software and hardware. The hardware side of the multimedia can be represented as standard means - video adapters, monitors, drives, drives on hard disksand special means - sound cards, CD-ROM drives and sound speakers. The software side without hardware is deprived of meaning. Software are divided into applied and specialized. Applied - it yourself windows Appsrepresenting the user information in one form or another. Specialized - these are tools for creating multimedia applications - multimedia projects (for example, a program for creating multimedia Microsoft Power Point presentations). This includes graphic editor, video editors (for example, Adobe Premier), tools for creating and editing sound information etc.
Also, multimedia can be rudely classified as linear and nonlinear. An analogue of a linear representation can be a movie. Looking man this document No way can affect its conclusion. A nonlinear way of presenting information allows a person to participate in the output of information, interacting in any way with a means of displaying multimedia data. This method of human and computer interaction is mostly presented in categories of computer games. A nonlinear method of representing multimedia data is sometimes called "hypermedia". Multimedia represents the user a stunning opportunity in creating a fantastic world (virtual reality), interactive communication with this world, when the user acts as a third-party passive contemporance, but takes an active part in the events unfolding there; Moreover, communication occurs on the user's usual for the user, primarily in the language of sound and video.
A bit of history
30 years ago, Multimedia was limited to a writing machine "Consul", which not only printed, but also could attract the attention of the operator who fell melodic crackle. A little later, computers decreased to household equipment, which made it possible to collect them in garages and rooms. The invasion of amateurs gave a new impetus for the development of multimedia (a 1980 computer horoscope, which, with the help of the dynamics and programmable timer, synthesized the vague oral threats for each day and still moved the animation stars on the screen). At about this time, the term multimedia itself appeared. Most likely, he served as a shirma choking the laboratory from the views of the uninitiated ("and what it risks it there." "Yes it is multimedia"). However, a surge of interest in the late 80s to the use of multimedia technology in humanitarian regions (and, In particular, in historical and cultural) is connected, undoubtedly, with the name of the outstanding American-businessman-businessman Bill Gates, who owns the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating and successful implementation in the practice of multimedia (commercial) product based on the service museum inventory database using all possible " Media ": images, sound, animation, hypertext system (" National Art Gallery. London "). The critical mass of the technologies accumulates. Blusters appear," sidiers "and other evolution fruits, Internet, WWW, microelectronics appear. Humanity is experiencing an information revolution. And Here we are witnessing how the social need for means of transmission and display information causes new technology, for the absence of a more correct term, calling her multimedia. Nowadays, this concept can fully replace the computer in almost any context. Multimedia technologies are one of the most promising and popular informatics directions.
Multimedia Computer technology providing the ability to create, storing and reproducing heterogeneous information, including text, sound and graphics (including moving image and animation). The characteristic of multimedia systems is the quality of playback of all components of the data, as well as the possibility of their interconnected or complementary use. Multimedia finds various applications, including education, medicine, production, science, art and entertainment. In education, multimedia is used in training courses based on information technologies (media education).
Multimedia (Multimedia, M-Media; from lat. Multum - a lot and media, medium - focus, means) - computer technology, providing the possibility of creating, storing and reproducing heterogeneous information, including text, sound and graphics (including moving image and animation ).
The characteristic of multimedia systems is the quality of playback of all components of the data, as well as the possibility of their interconnected or complementary use. For example, a combination of video delays with text and sound accompaniment; sound fragments of the musical work with text data on the executing musicians and tools; Images artistic work with a musical background and text. Composite parts of the minimum set of multimedia system in addition to PCs are CD-ROM or DVD drives, sound card and stereo system.
Multimedia technology has been applied to the development of Web pages and Web applications.
Multimedia hardware and software complex allows the user to work in interactive mode with heterogeneous data (graphics, text, sound, video), organized as a single information environment.
Multimedia finds various applications, including education, medicine, production, science, art and entertainment. In education, multimedia is used in training courses based on information technologies (media education).
In production, especially in mechanical engineering, multimedia is used at the design stage (automated design). In medicine, multimedia is used in the learning process of surgeons (virtual surgery). In the science of multimedia used to model various processes. In art, the examples of multimedia are special effects in cinema, computer animation, three-dimensional graphics. In the field of entertainment, an example of multimedia is computer games. These multimedia applications Allow users to participate in their work. This form of multimedia is called dialogue multimedia. Various multimedia components can be combined into a common complex called a virtual world. This technique is used in some games, as well as flight simulators for training pilots.
Multimedia varieties:
Hypermedia (Hypermedia, H-Media) - Expanding the concept of hypertext on multimedia (including audio, three-dimensional graphic, animation) Types of organization of data record structures.
Interactive Multimedia (Interactive (Multi) Media) - Multimedia System, providing the ability to arbitrary video and sound management in the dialogue mode.
Live Video (Real / Live Video) - Characteristics of the multimedia system in terms of its ability to operate in real time. Examples can serve as IBM: Linkway Live and StoryBoard Live.
MPC standards - group of standards on multimedia PCDeveloped by the Multimedia PC Working Group (Multimedia PC Working Group), which is a division of the Association of Publishers of Publishers (Software Publishers Associations). Earlier, the Working Party was called the Multimedia PC Marketing Board (Multimedia PC Marketing Council).
This Council adopted the MPC-1 and MPC-2 standards, which establish the composition of the software of hardware relating to the multimedia technology, and the requirements for their certification. In June 1995, the MPC-3 standard entered into force, which determined the requirements for the configuration of multimedia PCs (in particular, for the minimum option of the acquisition): Pentium 75 MHz or its equivalent, RAM - 8 MB, cD-ROM drive with a quark speed, 16-bit digital audio system, a table-wave synthesizer, support MPEG. The requirements for their functional characteristics (in particular, the need to play a full-screen video), as well as a standard test package for hardware testing during its licensing is also defined.
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Multimedia terminology:
Main technical means and solutions in the field of multimedia:
Multimedia Processor (Multimedia Processor)- processor supporting multimedia modes. This class of processors include, in particular, the developments performed under the MMX program. It is assumed that multimedia processors can improve the quality of the reproduction of dynamic graphics and video with a significant reduction in the diagram elements of the PC, including microcircuits and extension boards.
Multimedia PC (MPC, Multimedia Personal Computer) - a computer that meets the requirements of MPC standards; Brand certificate compliance with MPC standards. Licensed MPC Marketing Council The Multimedia Personal Computer brand can be put on three types of products: PEVM, devices for their expansion and application packages.
Home Media Server (Multimedia Center, Media Center; Home Media Server, Media Center) - multimedia PC with playback features and recording digital images, music and video, including television programs, as well as broadband access to Internet resources, conventional channels and satellite television high definition, transmissions of FM radio stations.
AMCA (Apple Media Control Architecture)- architecture of media management media management systems of Apple multimedia PCs; Standard for multimedia systems created on the basis of Macintosh PC.
Multimedia Control Panel (Multimedia Control Panel) - a panel displayed on the computer screen and intended for managing media tools (including musical instruments and other peripheral devices), as well as for navigating multimedia applications
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Multimedia Applications (Multimedia Applications) — auxiliary meansensuring the implementation of multimedia technology.
MMX (Multimedia Extension, multimedia extension)- Technology for home PCs based on the Pentium processor, published in March 1996 by Intel, which involves integrating media mode support to the Intel processor architecture.
VSA (Virtual System Architecture, virtual system architecture)- multimedia developed by Cyrix for multimedia PCs is a software and hardware complex that implements its basic functions ( cPU, graphic controller, PCI bus control circuit Mathematical coprocessor, cache memory, video and sound processing subsystem, graphic accelerators) using firmware in one module (Mediagx) without attracting additional chips.
Multimedia terminology:
Infotection (infotainment, information and entertainment; informing entertainment) - Applied software representing data in entertainment form; The greatest development was obtained in multimedia systems on the CD-ROM.
Analog sound (Analog Sound) - the sound that we hear has an analog (continuous) form of acoustic oscillations. Digital recording during playback is converted to an analog form. In the past, most of the sound recording devices were analog.
Digital audio recording (Digital Audio) - a record that represents sounds in the form of a sequence of zeros and units. When playing, the digital-analog converter recreates the initial form of sound waves. Digital recording is used on musical CDs and PC.
Digital-analog converter (DAC; DAC, DIGITAL-TO-Analog Converter) - an electronic device that converts a signal from a digital shape (binary code) into analog, that is, continuous with a correspondingly changing voltage and / or frequency. The DAC is used when displaying data from the computer and the need for their subsequent playback to the analog (not digital) external devices, for example, acoustic consoles.
Digital converter (analog-to-digital converter, ADC; Digitizer, Analog-to-Digital Converter) - an electronic device converting an analog signal into a digital form; Used when entering data in the computer (including sound recording and video results).
RAMDAC is a digital-analog converter that is part of the video card, which serves to convert the resulting flow of data generated by a video controller, in the color intensity levels supplied to the monitor. Since the monitors use an analog video signal (with the exception of flat-panel monitors), the possible range of the color of the image is determined by the RAMDAC parameters, which consists of three digital analog converters (DAC), one for each color channel (red, blue, green - RGB) and SRAM for Storage of data on gamma correction.
AV (Audio / Video) - Input / output designation (sound / video signal) of the low-frequency video signal and its sound.
AVI file (Audio-Visual Interleave) - a file recorded in a format in which the audio and video data are sequentially alternate, which allows you to store on a CD-disk (CD-ROM) of moving images with sound accompaniment.
Broadcast Quality - in relation to multimedia systems: high quality Images and sound support are comparable to the quality of television and studio recording.