The role of information in modern society. Topic: The role of information activities in modern society: economic, social, cultural, educational spheres. Working at the computer, it is necessary to follow the rules
Safety in computer class
Students familiarized with this instruction are allowed to work in the computer class.
Finding students in the computer class is allowed only in the presence of a teacher (laboratory assistant).
During classes, unauthorized persons can be in the class only with the permission of the teacher.
During changes, the computer cabinet is carried out with a mandatory output of students from the class.
Each student is responsible for the state of his workplace and the safety of the equipment placed on it.
Before starting work:
Remove the bags on a specially provided rack from the right of the entrance door.
Make sure there is no visible damage in the workplace. In case of their presence, immediately report this to the teacher.
Place on the table only a notebook, handle and tutorial (so that they do not interfere with work on the computer).
Take the right working posture, i.e. To sit so that the line of the gaze came to the center of the screen to, not leaning how to use the keyboard.
Start work only at the instruction of the teacher.
During work:
Smoothly press the keys without allowing sharp blows;
Do not use the keyboard, if the computer is not turned on;
Do not work at a computer with insufficient lighting; with poor well-being;
Do not get up from your places when visitors come to the office.
While in a computer class, students are required:
Observe silence and order.
Perform the requirements of the teacher and laboratory assistant.
About poor well-being (with the appearance of a cut in the eyes, a sharp impairment of visibility, it is impossible to focus the look or bring it to the sharpness, the appearance of pain in the fingers and hands, the growing of heartbeat) to inform the teacher.
After completing the work, complete all active programs.
Leave workplace Pure.
Working at the computer, it is necessary to follow the rules:
Work at a distance of 60-70 cm, permissible at least 50 cm, observing the correct landing, without stitching without leaking.
Back straight, shoulders are omitted and relaxed.
Feet on the floor and not crossed.
Elbow, hip, knee, ankle joints at right angles.
When working in the computer class, it is strictly prohibited:
Get out of place without the permission of the teacher.
Located in top, dirty or wet clothes.
Work on the keyboard with dirty or wet hands.
Brush with me food, drink, chewing gum.
Attach or disconnect cables, touch the connectors, wires and sockets.
Move computers and monitors without a teacher permission.
Enable and disable a computer without a teacher permission.
Trying yourself to eliminate malfunctions in the work of the equipment.
Overlap the ventilation holes on system block and monitor.
Hit the keyboard, press aimlessly on the keys.
Put books, notebooks and other things on the keyboard, monitor and system unit.
Delete and move other files; Run files in other people's folders.
Run computer games.
Safety requirements in emergency situations:
When program errors or equipment failures, you should contact the teacher (laboratory assistant).
When the smell of gary appears, the unusual sound will immediately stop working and inform the teacher (laboratory assistant).
In the case of fire in the office there is a fire extinguisher for extinguishing electrical appliances.
Introduction
Role information activities in modern society
Basic concepts. Information activities. Computer science. Information Technology. Computer, its capabilities and scope of application.
Computer science Determines the scope of human activity associated with storage processes, convert and transmit information using a computer. Such activity is called information. Informatics core are information technology.
Information Technology - This is a combination of methods and devices used by people for information processing. A computer, computer networks and them software are the foundation of modern information technologies.
Initially, the computer was created to automate the calculations. Currently, computers are used for processing not only numerical, but also other types of information.
Today, computer and business assistant, and source of fresh news from " world Wide Web»- Internet, and remedy mobile communicationsallowing, for example, with email Quickly transfer and get information.
Computers in production are used at all stages: from the design of individual parts of the product, its design to assembly and sale. The automated design system (CAD) allows you to create drawings, immediately getting a general view of the object, control the machine manufacturing machines. Flexible production system (GPS) allows you to quickly respond to changing the market situation, to promptly expand or turn the production of the product or replace it with others. The ease of translating the conveyor to the release of new products makes it possible to produce many different product models. Computers allow you to quickly process information from different sensors, including from automated protection, from temperature sensors to regulate energy costs for heating, from ATMs registering money consumption by customers, from a complex tomograph system that allows you to "see" the internal structure of human bodies and diagnose correctly.
Development of methods and methods for presenting information, technology solving problems using computers, has become an important aspect of the activities of many professions.
The computer is on the desktop of a specialist any profession. It allows you to contact on a special computer mail with any point of the globe, connect to the funds of large libraries without leaving the house, use powerful information systems - encyclopedia, study new sciences and acquire various skills using training programs and simulators. Fashion designer it helps to develop patterns, publisher component text and illustrations, artist - create new paintings, and the composer is music. An expensive experiment can be completely calculated and mimic on a computer.
Thanks to all of the above, computer science and computing equipment are firmly included in the life of a modern person, widely used in the production, design and design work, business and many other industries. The process of information informatization began.
Informatization of society - This is a process in which the conditions satisfy the needs of any person in obtaining the necessary information.
Output. In the modern world, the role of informatics, means of processing, transmission, the accumulation of information has increased immeasurably. The funds of computer science and computing technology are largely determined by the scientific and technical potential of the country, the level of development of its national economy, lifestyle and human activity.
· What is the information activity of a person?
· Give the definition of the concept of "information technology"
· What is the foundation of modern information technologies.
· For what purposes the computer was originally created?
· What functions can perform a computer today?
· Computer application spheres in modern society.
Humanity, from the date of its allocation from the animal world, a significant part of its time and attention has paid information processes.
In our time, millions of people became users of information. Cheap computers available to millions of users appeared. Computers have become multimedia, i.e. They are treated different kinds Information: sound, graphic, video, etc. This, in turn, gave impetus to the widest use of computers in various fields of science, technology, production, life.
Communications received widespread distribution, and computers for joint participation in the information process are connected to computer networks. The worldwide computer network of the Internet appeared, the services of which enjoys a significant part of the population of the planet, promptly receiving and exchanging data, i.e. The United World Information Space is formed.
Currently, the circle of people engaged in information processing has grown to unprecedented sizes, and the exchange rate has become simply fantastic, computers are applied in almost all areas of people's lives. An information society appears in our eyes, where the emphasis of attention and significance is shifted with traditional types of resources (material, financial, energy, etc.) to the information resource, which, although there has always been, but not considered any economic, nor as a different category. Information resources are separate documents and arrays of documents in libraries, archives, funds, data banks, information systemsah and other storage facilities. In other words, informational resources are knowledge prepared by people for social use In society and recorded on material carriers. Information resources of the country, region, organizations are increasingly considered as strategic resources similar to the importance of raw materials, energy, fossil and other resources.
The development of world information resources made it possible to transform information services to global human activity, form the world and domestic information services market, increase the validity and efficiency of decisions made in firms, banks, stock exchanges, industry, trade through the timely use of the necessary information.
In the modern world, the role of information, its means of processing, transmission and accumulation has increased immeasurably. The funds of computer science and computing technology are largely determined by the scientific and technical potential of the country, the level of development of its national economy, lifestyle and human activity.
Obtaining and converting information is prerequisite vital activity of society.
Information has become one of the most important strategic, managerial resources, along with resources - human, financial, material. Its production and consumption make up the necessary foundation for the effective functioning and development of various spheres of social life, and, above all, the economy. And this means that the sources of information in any part of our planet become available to each person, but also generated by it new information It becomes the property of all mankind. In modern conditions, the right to information and access to it have vital value for all members of society. The increasing role of information in society was the subject of scientific understanding. Theories were put forward explaining its place and meaning. Most popular are the theories of post-industrial and information society.
The world enters a new era - information, in the age of electronic economic activity, network communities and organizations without borders. The arrival of the new time will radically change the economic and social sides of society's life. Similar changes in the most directly concern a person's place in the information world. A person changes in accordance with the vector information and technical characteristics of society. However, this is not the passive adoption of new production and consumption conditions. A person acts as a subject of informational reality, far out for information specifications. Informatization everyday life And the emergence of a new information field of human being does not pass without a trace for the human life world. In electronic space, behavioral standards and value orientation of the person change.
New conditions for global humanity are specially manifested in Russia. Modern Russia is not yet an information society. First of all, because part of the information is not available to a wide circle of users or replaced by disinformation. However, the informatization of certain segments of social life, individual areas of politics and economy will sooner or later create the conditions for the emergence of genuine social tissue of a new type, of which the information society is capable of growing. Post-industrial trends can be sufficiently organically connected to the peculiarities of the Russian civilization.
The information society is often called mass society and consumer society. This is due to such informatization processes as the development of the sphere of mass communications. Global and Local Computer Networks, Means cellular communication, system of television and broadcasting, being components information structure societies, together with this and communication between people. Mass communication is one of the important phenomena of modern society, which markedly affects the development of any technologies, information technologies in particular both within each country and between countries. Often, informatization processes are attached to a negative shade, which is inherent in the consumption society. Many representatives of social and scientific thought see the processes designed for the spiritual sphere of society in informatization and associate information civilization with antipod of culture and spirituality.
In the field of theoretical understanding of the processes of occurrence, there is also no consensus on the development of the information society, the priority of one or another direction, clarity and clarity of the wording and the concepts expressing what happened in the information sphere. Therefore, a theoretical study of both conceptual and practical (real) prerequisites for understanding current information processes remains relevant.
information Society Resource World
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 Slide
Slide description:
Topic 1. Human Information Activity Lecture 1.1. Introduction The role of information activities in modern society, its economic, social, cultural, educational spheres. The value of informatics when mastering the specialties of the SPO. The main stages of the development of the information society.
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Informatics is a science that is engaged in the study of laws, methods and methods of accumulation, processing and transmitting information using the computer and other technical means. Informatics (FR. Informatique; English. Computer Science) - Science of methods and processes of collection, storage, processing, transmission, analysis and evaluation of information using computer technologyensuring the possibility of its use to make decisions. Computer science
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Historically, the word informatics comes from the French word Informatique formed by the integration of the terms information (information) and Automatique (automation). Despite the widespread use of the term informatics in a number of countries in Eastern Europe, in most countries of Western Europe and the United States uses another term - Computer Science (science of computer equipment). As sources of informatics, it is customary to call two sciences: documentaryism and cybernetics. Documentaby, the subject of which was the study of rational means and methods for improving the efficiency of document management, was formed at the end of the XIX century due to the rapid development of production relations. Her flourishing fell on the 20s - 30s of the XX century. The natural science of cybernetics (Kyberneticos) is closest to computer science, the foundations of which were laid in 1948 by the American mathematician Norbert Wiener. Cybernetics (from Dr. Greek. Κββερνητική "Art of Management") - Science on general laws of obtaining, storage, transformation and transmission of information in complex control systems, whether cars, living organisms or society. Interestingly, for the first time the term "cybernetics" introduced French physicist Andre Marie Ampere in the first half of the XIX century. He was developing unified system The classification of all sciences and designated this term hypothetical science on the management, which at that time did not exist, but which, in his opinion, should have existed. A little story ...
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Theoretical informatics - mathematical discipline using mathematics methods for building and studying processing models, transmission and use of information, it creates that theoretical foundation on which the entire computer science is built. Cybernetics - science of management in living, non-living and artificial systems. Cybernetics can be considered as applied informatics in the field of creating and using automatic or automated systems Control of varying degrees of complexity: from managing a separate object (machine, industrial installation, car, etc.) - to the most complex systems for managing entire industries, banking systems, communication systems, and even people communities. Technical cybernetics are most actively developing, the results of which are used to control in industry and science. Programming - scope of activity aimed at creating individual programs and packages applied software, development of programming languages, creation operating systems, organization of computer interaction using communication protocols. Artificial intelligence, the purpose of work in the field of which is aimed at disclosing the mystery of the creative activity of people, their ability to master the skills, knowledge and skills. Research in the region artificial Intelligence We are necessary when creating robots, creating knowledge bases and experts based on these bases of knowledge of systems, the use of which is necessary and in legal activities. Information systems - systems intended for storage, search and issuing information on user requests. In legal activities, an example of such systems are the legal information systems "Code", "Garant", "Consultant", information systems for storing and searching for various accounts (dactylospical, sofamile, puregilsothek, kidnapped and detected things, etc.). The task of translation of all accounting in the electronic form and the organization of access to them through the computing network is currently very relevant. Computer Engineering - An independent direction in which part of the tasks is not directly related to computer science (microelectronics), however, when developing, designing and manufacturing computers, computer science is most widely used. Information protection - the field of activities aimed at generalizing the receptions, the development of methods and data protection means. The main directions of informatics
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The first "informational breakthrough" is associated with the invention of writing. This led to a giant high-quality and quantitative jump. The possibility of transmitting knowledge from generation to generation. The second "informational breakthrough" (the middle of the XVI century) was caused by the invention of typography, radically changed industrial society, its culture and organization of activity. The third "informational breakthrough" (the end of the XIX century) is associated with the advent of telegraph, telephone, radio, which allowed to promptly transmit and accumulate information in any volume. Undoubtedly, this stage is due to the invention of electricity, thanks to which new progressive communications appeared. The fourth "informational breakthrough" (70s. XX century) is associated with the invention of microprocessor technology and the appearance personal computer. Computers, computer networks, data transmission systems (information communications) are created on microprocessors and integrated circuits. The fifth "informational breakthrough" we are experiencing today. This stage is associated with the formation and development of cross-border global information and telecommunication networks covering all countries and continents penetrating each of the house and acting simultaneously for each person individually and for huge masses of people. The most striking example of such a phenomenon and the result of the fifth revolution - the Internet. The essence of this revolution is integrating in a single information space around the world of software and hardware, communications and telecommunications, information stocks or knowledge of knowledge as a single information telecommunications infrastructure, in which legal entities and individuals, government and local government bodies actively apply. As a result, the speeds and volumes of the information being processed incredibly increase, new unique possibilities of production, transmission and dissemination of information, search and obtain information, new types of traditional activities in these networks appear. "Information breakthroughs"
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The role of information activities in modern society, its economic, social, cultural, educational spheres. Computer in various spheres of human activity robots and manipulators
Lecture №1
Introduction The role of information activities in modern society: economic, social, cultural, educational spheres.
The role of information activities in modern society
Information transfer channels
Lectures:
1. The role of information activities in modern society
The colossal information potential accumulated to today and the emergence of new information and communication technologies changed the socio-economic nature of modern society.
If before the middle of the twentieth century, the society had a pronounced industrial character, then the current state of scientists characterize as post-industrialconsidering it as a transition to information societiesy
The transition from industrial society to the information characterizes the transition of labor resources in the service sector and the information sphere:
Services sector- part of the economy, which includes all types of commercial and certain measurement services; rendered by enterprises, organizations, as well as individuals.
The scope of services is in economically developed countries the main part of the economy by the number of employed (more than 60%).
The following services include the following services: Financial, Information, Housing and Communal, Domestic, Rental Services, Tourist, Legal, Hotel Security, Translators, Trade, Transport Services.
Information sphereit is a combination of information, information infrastructure, subjects carrying out the collection, formation, dissemination and use of information, as well as the regulatory system of public relations arising from this.
Examples of applying computers in various fields: ACS, robots, communication, CAD, construction, banks, science, trade, education (database, distance learning), medicine, law enforcement, agriculture, army, art, social sphere, life.
Thus, society has information resources. Employment spheres in the USA in 1983 Service sphere 30% Industry 20% s / x 5% Information services 45%
The composition of information resources includes :
Libraries (more than 150 thousand in Russia, there is an electronic catalogs, digitizing books);
Centers of scientific and technical information (registration of new inventions and discoveries),
Archives ( translating in electronic form)
Industry resources (computer centers of enterprises, organizations on the organization of information and management),
Social resources (health, education, pension fund, insurance system, tourism, etc.).
For the development of human society, material, instrumental, energy and other resources are needed, includinginformation . The present time is characterized by an unprecedented increase in the volume of information flows. This applies to almost any field of human activity. The greatest increase in the amount of information is observed in industry, trade, financial and banking and educational areas.
Currently, the dissemination of information in the information sector of the economy is impossible to submit without the use of new information technologies (NIT). The use of modern IT provides an almost instant connection to any electronic information arrays coming from international, regional and national information systems and the use of them in the interests of successful business.
Thanks to the rapid development of the NIT, currently not only appeared open access The world flow of political, financial, scientific and technical information, but also has become a real possibility of building a global business on the Internet.
The growth of Internet popularity is related to the fact that with the use of this technology, you can implement almost all business processes in in electronic format: Buy and sell goods and services, invest money, receive information, enter into agreements, etc. Currently The development of the Internet is associated with an avalanche-like e-commerce development.
Information transmission channels.
A person constantly has to participate in the process of information transfer. Transmission can occur with a direct conversation between people, through correspondence, using technical means of communication: telephone, radio, television, etc. Such means of communication are calledinformation transmission channels . Information channels are divided into two types: biological and technical.
Biological information Channels - These are human senses. Five of them:vision, rumor, taste, smell, touch . According to human perception, information is visiting, the auditory, tactile, olfactory, taste, muscular and vestibular.
Technical information channels - This is telephone, radio, television, computer, etc.
The process of transmitting information is always bilateral: there is a source, and there is a receiver of information.A source transmits (sends) information, andreceiver it gets (perceives). Each person is constantly moving from the role of the source to the role of the receiver information.
A person is almost continuously engaged in processing information.
Information perceived by a person in speech or writing is called symbolic (or sign) information.
Human speech and writing closely associated with the concept of language.
Language is a sign system for presenting information, information sharing. Smells, taste and tactile sensations are not reduced to some signs, cannot be transmitted using signs. Of course, they carry information as we remember them, learn. Such information is calledfigurative information . The imagery also includes information perceived through vision and hearing, but not reduced to languages \u200b\u200b(wind noise, birds singing, paintings of nature, painting).
Although the information is associated with the material carrier, and its transfer - with energy costs, the same information can be stored on various material carriers (on paper, in the form of photography, on magnetic tape) and transmitted with various energy costs (by mail, by phone , with courier, etc.).
As a means for storing, processing and transmitting information, scientific and technological progress suggested a computer (electronic computing machine, computer).
Literature: Tvetkova M.S., Velikovich L.S. Informatics and ICT: tutorial. - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2012, 1.2