Installation Virtual Boxing. VirtualBox - Setting the virtual machine. Turning off the virtual machine

To have several operating systems at once with separate workspaces and applications, you do not need to buy a second (third, fourth, etc.) computer. Because all this will fit in your only PC. How? Thanks to virtual machines (VM) - special programs that create (emulate) inside the main operating system imaginary (virtual) computers.

Virtual PC is almost like real. It has its own processor, memory, hard disk, network adapter and everything else. Of course, these are not physical devices, but they are made so that the operating systems believed them with such - real.

On one physical computer, several virtuals can work at the same time. How many exactly - depends on the hardware resources: the chunning processor, the volume of the RAM, the spacious drive, the greater. Normal home PC average performance on windows database 10 copes with the simultaneous work of the three-five lightweight OS (for example, Windows XP, Android and Lubuntu + the main system). Or two or three relatively heavy (for example, the main Windows 10 + virtual Windows 7 and Mac OS X). As you already understood, application-emulators of virtual computers allow you to install and run on them a variety of OS.

General purpose virtual machines (in contrast to specialized - such as, for example, VM Java), use:

• To start applications that do not support the main system.
• To protect the system from the potential harm of unverified programs.
• As an additional barrier from viruses when visiting dubious web resources.
• To create an isolated medium to study the activities of malicious software.
• As a test landfill for debugging its own developments.
• To master network construction technologies.
• For dual authorization on some game portals and much more.

And of course, virtual machines are used everywhere to distribute server working resources.

Today we will not concern the industrial use of VM, and consider only what it can be useful to home users of Windows.

Oracle VirtualBox.

Consider the process of creating a new virtual machine and the start of installation in it Windows 10.

• Click on the top panel button "Create".

• In the first window of the Wizard creation wizard, specify the OS name (it will be displayed in the list of guest systems), its type (Windows, Linux, etc.) and version. In our example, this is Windows 10 32 Bit (you can also put 64 Bit, but it will require more resources). To go to the next step, click Next.

• Continue the size of the RAM's RAM. By default, Windows 10 x86 is given 1 GB, but you can increase this volume by shifting the slider to the right. If there is not a lot of RAM on your PC, do not give a VM more than 2-3 GB, otherwise the main system will slow down due to lack of memory.

• After you create a virtual hard disk. If you put the system for the first time, choose the "Create New" option.

• Virtual disk type will leave the default.

• The storage format is the area on the physical drive of your computer, which is given to VM. It can have a permanent or dynamically expandable volume in the countries that you define on. To save space, choose a dynamic format.

• You also specify the name of the volume (virtual disk C) and its size. Default - 32 GB.

• After pressing the "Create" button in the list, a new virtual machine will appear in the list. On the right in the frame show its parameters.
• For the transition to K. windows installation Click on the top panel button "Run".

• In the window that opens after that, the window will appear "select boot disk" Click the folder icon and specify the path to the system distribution. This may be an image in format.iso or physical media (DVD, flash drive). By selecting the distribution, click "Continue".

• The further installation of the OS installation in the virtual machine does not differ from it to install it on the physical computer.

Some settings of VM and guest system

Click in the virtual machine window captures the mouse cursor (i.e. it will move only within the virtual screen). To return the cursor to the main OS, click Ctrl + Alt.

To access the entire set of functions of the guest OS, you need to establish special additions. Go to the "Devices" menu, click "Connect the disk image of the guest OS add-ons" and follow the further instructions.

To connect to the guest system to share file sharing with the main, click on the "Device" menu item "Shared folders". Click on the "folder +" icon in the window that opens and via the "path to folder" field, specify it in the conductor (the main system directories are shown).

If you want the setting to work constantly, check "Auto-connection" and "Create a Permanent Folder". The shared folder will be available from the virtual machine conductor as a network.

To change the order of the poll boot devices (For example, to download a virtual machine with a DVD), complete the operation of the guest OS, open its settings (in the VirtualBox main window) and go to the first section of the System section. In the download order list, mark the desired medium and by pressing the arrow buttons, move it upstairs.

VMWare Workstation Pro.

Some Options of Virtual Machines Hyper-V

To take a picture of the status of a running guest OS, open the top menu of its "Action" window and click the test point. Or press the Ctrl + N combination.

Access to the settings of a separate virtual machine opens from its context menu in the list of the main dispatcher window and hides the "Parameters" button.

Other features of the program are also very uncomplicated and mastered without much difficulty.

After creating a virtual machine in VirtualBox, it will be possible to start installing the operating windows systems (or any other) on VirtualBox virtual machine. By installing the operating system on the virtual machine, you can use several operating systems at the same time: the main (host) and guest (virtual).

The guest operating system installed on the virtual machine will work isolated from the main system installed on your computer. You can learn how to work in the new OS, test applications, run outdated programs, Use a virtual system for safety and so on. In this case, the main system will not be threatened with the main system, and in the guest system you can make any changes.

In previous articles on my site, we disassembled in detail the process of installing the VirtualBox virtualization program and the VirtualBox Extension Pack extension package to the computer, creating and configuring the virtual machine in VirtualBox (links to the articles mentioned here, you will find under this article). Now the final stage has been: installing the operating system in VirtualBox, setting up supplements for the guest OS VirtualBox Guest Additions, the final settings of the virtual machine.

After the virtual machine was created and configured, it will be possible to start installing the operating system.

In this example, I install Windows 7 into the Windows 7 virtual machine, you can install Windows 10 on my computer (by the way, you can install an additional Windows 10 on the virtual machine).

Installing Windows on VirtualBox

In the main window of the Oracle VM VirtualBox program, select the desired virtual machine if you have several virtual machines, and then click on the Run button.

In the program window, the Virtual Boxing will begin the process of installing the operating system into the virtual machine. The process of installing the system itself does not differ from the installation of the system to a regular computer. Complete all stages of the OS installation on a virtual computer.

After installing the operating system installation on the virtual machine, in the window virtualBox programs You will see Windows (or other operating system).

Virtual OS requires configuration to your needs, as a regular system on your computer.

Immediately after installing the operating system to install the virtual machine, you will need to set add-ons for the guest operating system - VirtualBox Guest Additions, which consists of a set of drivers and utilities. After installing the package of add-ons, the functionality of the operation of the guest OS is noticeably increasing.

Installing VirtualBox Guest Additions Addictions

In the running virtual machine window, log in to the "Devices" menu item. Next, in the context menu, select "Connect the disk image of the auxiliary ...".

After that, in the guest operating system you will need to open the conductor. In the Explorer you will see that the VirtualBox Guest Additions disk disk image is located on the site of the CD-DVD drive.

Now you will need to set add-ons for the guest virtual machine VirtualBox Guest Additions.

Pass the settings of the additions for the guest system, by sequentially pressing the "Next" button. Considerate the installation of software for devices.

After the installation package is completed for the guest OS, restart the virtual operating system.

Creating a shared folder in VirtualBox

The shared folder is needed to exchange data between the main (host) and guest operating systems. You will first need to create a shared folder on the main operating system installed on your computer. I have such a "Data Sharing" folder on a computer on one of the disks, which is designed to exchange data.

In the "path to folder" field, specify the path to the folder on the main system. Select "Other ...", and then in the Explorer window, select or create the desired folder.

In the "Add Shared Folder" window, place flags in front of the "Auto connection" and "Create a Permanent Folder" items, and then click on the "OK" button.

In the Explorer window, going to the "Network", in the VBXSVR folder you will see a shared folder. In the Virtual Boxing Program you can create multiple public folders.

After installing the supplements for the guest sheet, remove the ISO image of the operating system from the virtual machine drive, as the system image is no longer needed.

For more quick accessThe general folder can be added to the "network location" of the conductor as a network drive. To do this, click on the keyboard on the "Windows" + "R" buttons. In the "Run" window, enter the following command in the "Open" field:

Net Use X: \\\\ VboxSvr \\ Name_Papka

Then click on the "OK" button.

After executing the command, the shared folder will appear in the conductor in the "Network Placement".

Creating a System Picture in VirtualBox

VirtualBox has a very useful feature: snapshots. An operating system snapshot is the current state of the operating system at the time of typing. Essentially, this is a backup copy of the recovery system. You can create one or more pictures, and then restore the system in the state that it has at the time of typing.

Typical situation: the operating system was installed on the virtual machine, after configuring and installing the necessary applications, a snapshot of the guest operating system was taken. After that, the user "killed" Windows (or another system) has changed the configuration, etc. As a result of these actions, the operating system works with failures, or does not work at all.

Since, this is a virtual OS, it can be easily removed from VirtualBox, and then install a new system on the virtual machine. If a snapshot of the system was taken earlier, it would not be necessary to do anything. In this case, it will be possible to restore the system in working condition using the previously made snapshot.

To create a snapshot of the system, click on the "Pictures" button in the VirtualBox main window.

In the Snapshots tab, click the camera button. In the "Make a Virtual Machine Snapper" window, you will need to give the name to the image being created, and in the description you can add additional information (I added a picture of the picture). Next, click on the "OK" button.

After that, the process of creating a snapshot of the system in a virtual boxing occurs.

The snapshot of the system is created, access can be accessed from the main VirtualBox window. Just keep in mind that the snapshots of the system occupy a certain place on the disk of the guest operating system.

Recovery using a system snapshot

If necessary, for example, in case of serious problems with the guest system, you can restore the status of the virtual machine using the previously taken picture of the system. Recovery using a system snapshot occurs when the virtual machine is turned off.

Click in the VirtualBox main window to the "Pictures" button. In the "Snapshots" tab, click right-click Mice System Snapshot, and in the context menu, select Restore Snapshot.

In the window with a question, agree with the recovery of the picture. If the guest system does not work, you can read the checkbox from the "Create a snapshot of the current system status" to not create an unnecessary picture, as the system does not work normally.

Click on the "Restore" button.

If you create a snapshot of the current state, then give it a name and description.

In the next window, click the Restore button.

The guest operating system will be restored on the virtual machine in a state at the time of creating a snapshot of the system.

VirtualBox update

To update VirtualBox you will need to download installation file programs new version, as well as the extension package of Extension Pack new version. After installing the program, all previously made settings will be saved.

After starting in the Virtual Machine of the Guest Operating System, you will need to set the VirtualBox Guest Additions add-ons again. If several operating systems were installed in VirtualBox, then in this case, add-ons for the guest OS will need to be installed in each operating system.

Conclusions Articles

You can install the guest operating system on VirtualBox virtual machine, install VirtualBox Guest Additions add-ons, create common folders, take a snapshot system, and then restore the virtual OS using the snapshot.

VirtualBox is a program for creating a VM (virtual machine) with the desired configuration: the operating models, the frequency of the processor, the amount of RAM and the memory of the video card, which are allocated from the physical "iron" of the computer. It applies for free and can be downloaded to the latest version from the official website: https://www.virtualbox.org.

This article will detailed instructions For VirtualBox and how to use it.

Program installation

After downloading the Oracle VirtualBox installer from the official site, start with the choice of installation site.

After selecting the VirtualBox installation site, go to the next step of work.

On the screen that appears, you are offered to create shortcuts in the Start menu, on the desktop and taskbar. We recommend maintaining the second and fourth item, and the rest are at your discretion.

This is followed by a warning that problems may occur with the Internet connection. Do not worry, such a problem arises very rarely. Press Yes, then Install, after which the installation process will begin.

Creating a virtual machine

At the end of the installation, we look into the program where we will meet the window. In it we find the "Create" button and click on it.

Select the name that will be assigned to your VM, and you can click on the "Expert Mode" button to immediately configure its configuration. If you do not click, step by step setting all items.

By assigning a name, configure the number of RAM. It is worth mentioning that it will stand out from your RAM, and the more it, the better. The minimum value is recommended in 2 GB.

Since we have the first entrance, we choose the creation of a new virtual hard disk.

Here we cut the size of the hard disk and its type (depending on the OS selected by you, the number of desired space will depend on. This applies to the RAM - XP does not support more than 3.5 GB). Having finished, click "Create".

The process itself will take a little time - about 2-3 minutes. It is worth the computer to leave alone and give it calmly to complete it.

When the system is created, it will appear in the list of your VM. As you can see, install the virtual boks turned out to be not so difficult, each can cope with it yourself.

Setting up VirtualBox

Let's figure it out how to make a detailed configuration of the VirtualBox virtual machine.

1. General.
2. System.
3. Display.
4. Media.
5. Audio.
6. Net.
7. COM port.
8. Shared folders.
9. Interface.

After creation, we can see all the characteristics specified by the system, and also the ability to configure it in more detail.

To do this, click on the "Configure" button or the right mouse button on the machine you need.

In the window that appears, you can change:

• system name;
• supported plugins;
• the number of processors of operational and video memory;
• settings remote access etc.

We will analyze them in detail.

Although at first it is to warn you to start working some functions, you will need to download Extension Pack plugin for VirtualBox from the official site.

General

The name of the virtual machine is changing here, its description is entered, the screenshots directory, and the password and the type of encryption is installed.

System

Motherboard

There are adjustable RAM values, motherboard chipsets, installation of the cursor manipulator type, disc boot order.

Processor and acceleration

Here the number of the processor used and the extent of the permissible load is established.

In the Acceleration Point, you can configure advanced functions, but inexperienced users it is not desirable to touch anything in it.

Display

Screen

At this point, the number of video memory and monitors supported by VM, the scaling coefficient, as well as the inclusion of 3D - 2D acceleration, that is, your system will be able to support video and 3D applications.

Remote access

If VM has been added to the estimated server, and access to it from another PC is needed, then there is a given item for this. Here by default, the port number is 3389, but if you are going to connect more than one server, it will have to be changed; And the authentication method is adjusted. To install access, you will need to know the IP address of the host virtual machine.

Screen capture

This item allows you to configure capture pictures from the virtual system display, setting up the video quality and its frame rate, resolution and placement path. Everything is quite intuitive.

Carriers

The next item sets up optical and vm hard drives by adding them or editing. The selected space on physical media can be adjusted so that its system is represented as SSD and supported certain functions.

Audio

It is configured to support VM sound card VM and playing its sound, setting the type of audio controller.

Net

Connecting to the network is configured: the number of adapters, their type, view of the connection itself. Setting various types network cards In this menu, you can achieve the desired script when working in VM.

COM port

To emulate the RS-232 ports, this item is used. Adjustable both the amount and its mode.

In this place, the support of virtual controllers from USB 1.1 to 3.0 is selected. And if you add them to the list of controllers on your PC, they will be displayed in VM, respectively. To do this, you need to click on the green mark "Plus" on the right side of the window.

Common folders

Folders will be configured here to be visible for the virtual machine. The setting is performed as for ordinary shared folders, i.e. You just need to specify where you have access to other users, and where - no. And save the selected settings.

User Interface

Customizable toolbar, which is available at the entrance to the car. You can both add and delete sections.

Running

After completing all settings and manipulations, you can switch directly to start the machine. To do this, click on the "Run" button.

When you start, you will need to specify the location of the disk image with the operating system, since it will have to be installed as on the usual PC. Click on "Devices"\u003e "Optical disks"\u003e "Select a disk image" and select the previously downloaded image (ISO) OS on the Internet.

Restarting the car, the standard installation of the OS will begin (depending on which they downloaded). After completing it, you can start using the car as your heart.

When you select a virtual machine from the list in the Manager window, you will see a summary of this settings. virtual computer.

By clicking the " Settings»On the toolbar at the top, you will see a detailed window in which you can configure many properties of the selected virtual machine. But be careful: despite the fact that after installing the guest operating system, you can change all the virtual machine settings, some changes may interfere proper work Guest operating system, if it is done after installation.

Note: Button " Settings"Disabled when a virtual machine is in" running" or " saved"Condition. It is simply because in the settings dialog box you can change the basic characteristics of the virtual computer created for your guest operating system, and this operating system may not cope very well when, for example, half of its memory will leave her from under his feet. As a result, if the button " Settings"Disabled, first turn off the current virtual machine, and then you can perform the desired settings.

VirtualBox provides many parameters that can be changed for a virtual machine. More options are available with the VirtualBox command line interface.

General settings

In the window " Settings" In chapter " General»You can configure the most fundamental aspects of a virtual machine, such as memory and necessary hardware. There are four tabs: " Maintenance», « Additionally», « Description"And" Encryption».

Tab "Main"

On the tab " Maintenance" categories " General»You can find the following settings:

This is the name with which the virtual machine is displayed in the list of virtual machines in the main window. Under this name, VirtualBox also saves the virtual machine configuration files. By changing the name, VirtualBox also renames these files. As a result, you can only use those characters that are allowed in the file names of your host operating system.

Please note that within VirtualBox uses unique identifiers (UUID) to identify virtual machines. You can display them using VBoxManage.

Operating system / version

A typeguest operating system, which is installed (or will) in a virtual machine. This is the same parameter that was specified in the "New Virtual Machine" wizard, as described in the "" section.

While the default settings for the newly created virtual machine depend on the selected type of operating system, the further modification of the type does not affect the virtual machine settings; This is the value that the settings in this panel are purely information and decorative.

Tab "Advanced"

Folder for pictures

By default, VirtualBox saves data snapshot Together with other data configurations VirtualBox. With this parameter, you can specify any other folder for each virtual machine.

Common clipboard

Here you can choose whether there should be shared access to the buffer of the guest operating system with your host. If you choose " Bidirectional"The VirtualBox will always make sure that both clippers of the exchange contain the same data. If you choose " From the main to the guest officer" or " From the guest in the main OS"The VirtualBox will copy the exchange buffer data only in one direction.

To share the clipboard, install VirtualBox guest add-ons. Otherwise, this setting has no effect.

The overall clipboard is disabled by default. This parameter can be changed at any time using the menu item " Common clipboard" on the menu " Devices»Virtual machine.

Drag and Drop function (dragging)

This parameter allows you to enable drag and drop support: Select an object (for example, a file) from a host or a guest and directly copy or open it on a guest or host machine. Several drag and drop modes for each virtual machine allow you to limit access in any direction.

Guest add-ons must be installed for dragging onto the guest computer.

Note: By default, dragging is disabled. This parameter can be changed at any time using the menu item " Drag and Drop." on the menu " Devices»Virtual machine.

Tab "Description"

Here you can, if you want, enter any description of your virtual machine. This does not affect the functionality of the computer, but you can find this space useful to mark such things as the configuration of the virtual machine and the software that was installed in it.

To insert a string break into the description text field, click Shift + Enter..

Tab "Encryption"

If you are tick, this virtual machine will be encrypted. You need to choose an algorithm that will be encrypted virtual machine discs, as well as enter, and then confirm the encryption password.

System settings

Group " System»Combines various parameters associated with the main equipment, which is represented by a virtual machine.

Note: Since the activation mechanism Microsoft Windows. sensitive to changes in hardwareIf you change the equipment settings for the Guests of Windows, some of these changes may initiate a request for activation in Microsoft.

Tab "Motherboard"

On the tab " Motherboard»You can affect virtual equipment that is usually located on a real computer motherboard.

Main memory

This option sets the RAM volume, which is allocated and transmitted by a virtual machine when it starts. The specified amount of memory at the time of operation of the virtual machine will be closed from the physical computer and transmitted virtual. Consequently, at the time of work of the virtual machine, your main computer has a number of RAM to decrease by this magnitude. This is the same parameter that was specified in the "New Virtual Machine" wizard, as described above in the "" section.

Changing the memory should not cause problems in the guest car, of course, if you do not set too small value at which it will not be loaded.

Order order

This parameter determines the order in which the guest operating system will try to load from various virtual boot devices. Similarly setting up bios. Real PC, VirtualBox can inform the guest OS that it starts with a virtual diskette, a virtual CD / DVD drive, virtual hard disk (Each of them is determined by other VM settings), network or any of them.

If you choose " Net", The virtual machine will try to upload from the network through the PXE mechanism to be configured.

Chipset

Here you can choose which chipset will be presented by a virtual machine. Prior to VirtualBox 4.0 PIIX3 was the only available option. For modern guest operating systems, such as Mac OS X, this old chipset is no longer supported. As a result, VirtualBox 4.0 introduced an emulation of a more modern ICH9 chipset, which supports PCI Express, three PCI tires, PCI-to-PCI bridges and interrupt signals (MSI). This allows modern operating systems to address more PCI devices and no longer requires IRQ exchange. Using the ICH9 chipset, you can also configure up to 36 network cards (up to 8 network adapters with PIIX3). Please note that support for ICH9 is experimental and is not recommended for guest operating systems that do not require it.

Cursor manipulator

By default, virtual index devices for the ancient guests are traditional pS / 2 mouse. If this parameter is set to uSB tablet, VirtualBox informs the virtual machine that the device uSB tablet present, and transmits the mouse events to the virtual machine using this device. Third setting - USB Multi-Touch Tabletwhich is suitable for the latest Windows guests.

The use of a virtual USB tablet has the advantage that motions are communicated in absolute coordinates (instead of relative position changes), which allows VirtualBox to broadcast the mouse events over the VM window in the tablet event without the need to "capture" the mouse in the guest system as described in the "" section. This makes the use of VM less tedious, even if guest add-ons are not installed.

Enable APIC I / O APIC

Extended programmable interrupt controllers (APICs) are the latest HP86 hardware function, which in recent years has replaced the programmable interrupt controllers of the old type (pos). With APIC I / O, operating systems can use more than 16 interrupt requests (IRQ) and, therefore, avoid exchanging IRQ to increase reliability.

Note: Including I / O APIC required for 64-bit guest operating systems, especially Windows Vista.; It is also necessary if you want to use more than one virtual processor on a virtual machine.

However, software support for APIC I / O was unreliable with some operating systems other than Windows. In addition, the use of an APC I / O APC slightly increases virtualization overhead and, therefore, slightly slows down the guest OS.

A warning: All Windows operating systems, starting with Windows 2000, establish different cores depending on whether APIC I / O is available. As in the case of ACPI, APIC I / O APEC should not be disconnected after installation of the Windows guest OS. The inclusion of it after installation will not have any effect.

Enable EFI

This allows you to use Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI), which replaces the outdated BIOS and can be useful for some advanced use options.

Clock in the UTC system

If the tick is standing, the clock of your host will appear on the time of the worldwide coordination scale (UTC), otherwise the local host time will be displayed. Unix-like systems usually adhere to UTC systems.

If the checkbox is set, VirtualBox will inform the guest system time in UTC format instead of a local (host) time. This affects the work of Virtual Watch Real Time (RTC) and can be useful for UNIX-like guest operating systems that usually expect hardware clocks will be installed on UTC.

In addition, you can disable the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI), which VirtualBox represents the default guest operating system. ACPI is the current sectoral standard that allows operating systems to recognize the equipment, configure motherboards And other devices and manage them. Since all modern PCs contain this feature, and Windows and Linux supported it for many years, it is also enabled by default in VirtualBox. It can be turned off only in command line.

A warning: All Windows operating systems starting with Windows 2000, set different kernels, depending on whether ACPI is available, so ACPI cannot be disabled after installing the Windows guest OS. The inclusion of it after installation will not have any effect.

Tab "Processor"

On the tab " CPU»You can specify how many virtual processor cores should see guest operating systems. Starting from version 3.0, VirtualBox supports symmetrical multiprocessing (SMP) and can represent up to 32 virtual processor cores for each virtual machine.

However, you should not customize virtual machines for the use of more processor cores than you have physically (real nuclei, without hyperpotions).

On this tab you can also install " CPU loading limit" This parameter limits the time spent the host processor to emulate the virtual processor. The default value is 100% means that there are no restrictions. The 50% parameter implies that one virtual processor can use up to 50% of one central processor. Please note that the time limit of virtual processors can cause problems with guests.

In addition, the parameter " Enable PAE / NX"Determines whether the possibilities of the PAE and NX central processor will be on the virtual machine. PAE means "extension of the physical address". Usually, if it is turned on and maintained by the operating system, then even a 32-bit X86 processor can access more than 4 GB of RAM. This was made possible by adding another 4 bits to the memory address, so that with 36 bits you can use up to 64 GB. Some operating systems (for example, Ubuntu Server) require support for PAE from CPU and cannot work in a virtual machine without it.

If you use a 32-bit image Kali Linux, Turn on the PAE / NX or the Kali image will not load, since the default kernel version used by Kali for i386 ("686-PAE") is compiled in a way that requires support for the "Expansion of the Physical Address" (PAE) in the CPU.

With virtual machines working on modern server operating systems, VirtualBox also supports the hot connection of the CPU.

Tab "Acceleration"

On this page you can determine if VirtualBox should use hardware virtualization extensions that your host processor can support. This applies to most processors built after 2006.

You can choose for each virtual machine individually, whether VirtualBox need to use software virtualization or equipment.

In most cases, the default settings will be excellent; VirtualBox will choose reasonable default values \u200b\u200bdepending on the operating system you selected when creating a virtual machine. However, in some situations you can change these pre-configured default values.

If your host processor supports invested pajing functions (AMD-V) or EPT (Intel VT-X), you can expect a significant increase in productivity by incorporating invested paging in addition to hardware virtualization.

Starting with version 5.0, VirtualBox provides paratage interfaces to improve the accuracy and performance of guest operating systems.

Display (display settings)

Screen Tab

Video memory size

This sets the memory size provided by a virtual video card available to the guest in MB. As in the main memory, the specified amount will be highlighted from the host residency memory. Based on the number of video memory, higher resolutions and depth of color can be available.

GUI will show a warning if the volume of the video memory is too small to switch the virtual machine into full screen mode. The minimum value depends on the number of virtual monitors, the screen resolution and the depth of the host display, as well as from the activation of the 3D acceleration and accelerate 2D video. Rough estimation: (color depth / 8) x vertical pixels x horizontal pixels x number screens \u003d number bytes. As indicated above, additional memory may be required for any activated setting Acceleration Display.

Number of monitors

With this VirtualBox parameter can provide more than one virtual virtual machine monitor. If the guest operating system (for example, Windows) supports several connected monitors, VirtualBox can pretend that there are several virtual monitors. Up to 8 such virtual monitors is supported.

The output of multiple monitors will be displayed on the host in several VM windows that work side by side.

However B. full-screenand screen Integration Mode Available physical monitors connected to the host will be used. As a result, it will take at least as many physical monitors to work in full-screen mode and the mode of integration of the screen with several monitors as you have the most configured virtual monitors, or VirtualBox will report an error. You can configure the connection between the guest and host monitors using the viewing menu by pressing the combination "Host" + "Home"When you are in full screen or screen integration mode.

Turn on 3D acceleration

If guest add-ons are installed on the virtual machine, you can choose here if the guest must support the accelerated 3D graphics.

Enable 2D video acceleration

If guest add-ons are installed on a virtual machine with Microsoft Windows, you can choose here if the guest must support the accelerated 2D graph.

Tab "Remote Access"

Remote display

On the tab " Remote access"If VirtualBox Virtual Display Expansion (VRDE) is set, you can enable the VRDP server built into VirtualBox. This allows you to remotely connect to the console of the virtual machine using any standard tool Viewing RDP, such as mstsc.exe.which comes with Microsoft Windows. IN linux systems and solaris you can use standard Program rdesktop.open source.

Tab "Capture Video"

On the tab " Capture video»You can enable video capture for this virtual machine. Please note that this feature can also be enabled / disabled while performing a virtual machine.

Media settings

On the real PC, the so-called "storage controllers" are connected to physical disks to the rest of the computer. Similarly, VirtualBox provides virtual virtual machine controllers to a virtual machine. Under each controller displays virtual devices (hard drives, CD / DVD or floppy drives) connected to the controller.

Note: If you used the master " Create a virtual machine»To create a car, you will usually see something like the following:

Depending on the type of guest operating system, which you selected when creating a virtual machine, a typical layout of storage devices in the new virtual machine is as follows:

• You will see the controller IDEto which a virtual CD / DVD drive is connected (to the port " secondary master»IDE controller).
• You will also see the controller. SATA.which is a more advanced storage controller type to increase the bandwidth of the hard disk to which virtual hard drives are attached. Initially, you will usually have one such virtual diskBut, maybe more than one, each of which is submitted by the disk image file (in this case, the VDI file).

If you have created your virtual machine with more old version VirtualBox, the default storage layout may differ. Then you can only have an IDE controller to which CD / DVD drive and hard drives are connected. It can also be applied if you have chosen an older type of operating system when creating a virtual machine. Since older operating systems do not support SATA without additional drivers, VirtualBox will ensure that such devices are not present initially.

VirtualBox also provides a flexible controller, which is special: You can not add to it devices other than floppy drives. Virtual floppy drives, such as virtual CD / DVD drives, can be connected either to drive disks (if any), or to the disk image, which in this case should be in the RAW format.

You can freely change these attachments. For example, if you want to copy some files from another created virtual disk, you can connect this disk as a second hard disk. You can also add a second virtual CD / DVD-drive or change where these items are attached. The following parameters are available:

• To add other virtual hard disk or CD / DVD or floppy disk drive, select the storage controller to which it must be added (IDE, SATA, SCSI, SAS, Floppy Disk Controller), and then click " add disc"Low on wood. Then you can choose " Add CD / DVD device" or " Add hard drive" (If you are clicked on the flexible disk controller, you can add a flexible disc drive.) Alternatively, right-click the storage controller and select the menu item there.

On the right side of the window you can set the following:

1. You can then choose to which slot of the controller device is connected virtual disk. IDE controllers have four slots that are traditionally called " main master», « primary subordinate», « secondary master"And" secondary subordinate" On the contrary, SATA and SCSI controllers offer up to 30 slots to which virtual devices can be connected.
2. You can choose which image file to use.

• For virtual hard disks A button with a drop-down list appears on the right, offering or select a virtual hard disk file using a standard file dialog, or create a new hard disk (image file) that will open the master " Create new Disc ", Which was described in the" "section.
• For virtual CD / DVDs, image files will usually be in standard ISO format. Most often you will choose this option when installing the operating system from the ISO file that you received from the Internet. For example, most Linux distributions are available in this way.

The following additional options are available for virtual CD / DVD drives:

• If you select " Host drive"The physical host computer will be connected to the virtual machine so that the guest operating system can read and write to your physical device. This, for example, is useful if you want to install Windows from a real setting CD. In this case, select your host disc from the drop-down list.

If you want to write (burn) CDs or DVDs using the main disk, you also need to enable the option " Passthrough».

• If you choose " Remove disk from a virtual disk", VirtualBox will present an empty CD / DVD to the guest in which the media was not inserted.
• To delete attachment, Select it and click on the " delete»At the bottom (or right-click it and select the menu item).

Removable media (CD / DVD and floppy disks) are subject to change during guest operation. Since at this time the dialog box " Settings"Not available, you can also access these settings from the menu" Devices»In the window of your virtual machine.

Sound settings

Section " Audio" in the window " Settings»The virtual machine determines whether the virtual machine will see the connected audio card and whether the sound can be heard in the main system.

If the sound is enabled for the guest, you can select the Intel AC controller emulation, the Intel HD Audio controller or SoundBlaster 16 card. In any case, you can choose which VirtualBox audio driver will be used on the host.

On the Linux host, depending on the configuration of your host, you can also choose between OSS, ALSA or PulseAudio subsystem. In newer Linux distributions, the Pulseaudio subsystem is preferable.

Since the Solaris hosts in VirtualBox 5.0 support only the OSS - SOLARIS AUDIO audio system is no longer supported by Solaris hosts.

Settings Network

Section " Net" in the window " Settings»The virtual machine allows you to configure how VirtualBox represents virtual network cards for your virtual machine and how they work.

When you first create a virtual machine, the default VirtualBox includes one virtual network card and selects it for it " Broadcast network addresses "(NAT). Thus, the guest can connect to the outside world using the host network, and external world It can be connected to services on the guest computer you made visible outside the virtual machine.

This default setting is good for, probably 95% of VirtualBox users. Nevertheless, VirtualBox is extremely flexible in how it can virtualize the network. It supports many virtual network cards on a virtual machine, the first four of which can be detailed in the "Manager" window. Additional network cards can be configured on the command line using VBoxManage.

Introduction to network modes

Each of eight network adapters can be configured separately to work in one of the following modes:

Not connected

In this mode, VirtualBox reports the guest that there is a network card, but there is no connection - as if the Ethernet cable is not inserted into the map. Thus, you can "pull out" the Ethernet virtual cable and disrupt the connection, which can be useful to inform the guest operating system on the inability to connect to the network and ensure reconfiguration.

Network Address Broadcast (NAT)

If you only want to view web pages, download files and view email inside the guest, then this default mode will be enough for you, and you can safely skip the remaining part of this section. Note that when using sharing windows files There are certain limitations.

Network Nat.

Nat Nat is a new NAT version embedded in VirtualBox 4.3. Network Address Translation Service (NAT) Works similarly to a home router, grouping systems that use it on the network, and does not allow systems outside this network to directly access systems inside it, but allows systems inside to interact with each other and with systems outside using TCP and UDP via IPv4 and IPv6.

Network Bridge

It is for more complex network tasks, such as network modeling and running servers in the guest system. When enabled, VirtualBox connects to one of the installed network cards and communicates directly by network packets, bypassing network stack Your operating system.

Internal network

This can be used to create another network based on software that is visible for selected virtual machines, but not for applications running on the host or in the external world.

Virtual host adapter

This can be used to create a network containing a host and a set of virtual machines, without the need for a physical network interface. Instead, the host creates a virtual network interface (similar to the LOOPBACK interface), which provides interaction between virtual machines and the host.

Universal Driver

Rarely used modes use the same shared network interface, allowing the user to choose a driver that can be enabled in VirtualBox or distributed in the extension package.

At the moment there are potentially two available under-modes:

UDP tunnel

This can be used for direct, simple and transparent interaction of virtual machines operating on different computers, with existing network infrastructure.

VDE network (virtual distributed Ethernet)

This parameter can be used to connect to the Virtual Distributed Ethernet switch on Linux or FreeBSD host. At the moment it requires compilation of VirtualBox from sources, as Oracle packages do not include it.

The following table shows short review The most important network modes:

	VM ↔ Host.	VM1 ↔ VM2.	VM → Internet	Vm ← Internet
Virtual host adapter	+	+	-	-
Internal network	-	+	-	-
Network Bridge	+	+	+	+
Network Address Broadcast (NAT)	-	-	+	Forwarding ports
Network Nat.	-	+	+	Forwarding ports

COM ports (serial ports)

VirtualBox in a simple way to fully support virtual serial ports on the virtual machine.

USB settings

USB support

Section " USB" in the window " Settings»The virtual machine allows you to configure the complex USB support VirtualBox.

VirtualBox allows virtual machines to directly access USB devices on your host. For this, VirtualBox represents a guest operating system with a virtual USB controller. As soon as the guest system begins to use the USB device, it will not be available on the host.

Note:

1. Be careful with USB devices that are currently used on the host! For example, if you allow your guest when you activate it to connect to your hard uSB diskwhich is currently installed on the host, then this disk will be disconnected from the host without proper disconnection. This can lead to data loss.
2. The Solaris hosts have several well-known restrictions on USB support.

In addition to the guest access permission to your local USB devices, VirtualBox allows you even to your subscribers to connect to remote USB devices using VirtualBox Remote Desktop Extension (VRDE).

In the dialog box Settings»You can first configure whether USB is available in the guest system, and then select USB support level: OHCI for USB 1.1, EHCI (which will also turn on OHCI) for USB 2.0 or XHCI for the entire USB speed.

Note: XHCI and EHCI controllers are supplied as a VirtualBox extension package, which should be installed separately. Additional information See "".

When USB support is enabled for a virtual machine, you can determine in detail which devices will be automatically connected to the guest. To do this, you can create so-called "filters" by specifying certain properties of the USB device. USB devices with an appropriate filter will be automatically transmitted by the guest after they are connected to the host. USB devices without an appropriate filter can be handed to a guest, for example, using the menu Devices / USB devices.

Click on the button " + »Right from the window" USB devices filters"Creates new filter. You can give a filter name (for reference to it later) and specify the filter criteria. The more criteria you will specify, the more accurate devices will be selected. For example, if you specify only the identifier of the 46D provider, all devices created by Logitech will be available to the guest. On the other hand, if you fill in all fields, the filter will be applied only to a specific device model from a particular supplier, and not to other devices of the same type with another version and serial number.

The following criteria are available in the USB filter properties:

1. Identifier supplier and product. Each supplier of USB products has an identification number, unique worldwide, "Supplier identifier. Similarly, each row of products is assigned the number "Product Identifier". Both numbers are usually written in hexadecimal form (that is, they consist of numbers 0-9 and letters a-f), and the colon separates the supplier from the product identifier. For example, 046D: C016 means Logitech as a supplier and M-UV69A Optical Wheel Mouse.

In addition, you can also specify " Manufacturer"And" Product" by the name.

To list all USB devices connected to your machine with the appropriate identifiers of suppliers and products, you can use the following command:

Vboxmanage List USBHOST.

In Windows, you can also see all USB devices connected to your system in device manager. In Linux you can use the command lsusb..

1. Serial number. Although the identifiers of suppliers and products are already sufficiently specific to identifying USB devices, if you have two identical devices of one brand and product line, you will also need serial numbers For their correct filtering.
2. Remote. This parameter indicates whether the device will be only local or remote (only via VRDP) or any other.

On the Windows host you need to disable and connect the USB device again to use it after creating a filter for it.

For example, you can create a new USB filter and specify the identifier of the supplier 046D (Logitech, Inc), the manufacturer's index 1 and "not deleted". Then any USB guest systems created by Logitech, Inc with the manufacturer 1 index will be visible to the guest system.

Several filters can choose one device - for example, a filter that selects all Logitech devices, and the one that selects a specific webcam.

You can deactivate Filters without removing them by clicking the checkbox next to the filter name.

Common folders

Shared folders allow you to easily exchange data between the virtual machine and your host. This feature requires the VirtualBox guest add-ons on a virtual machine. It will be described in more detail in the part dedicated to guest additions, in the "" section.

User interface

Section " User interface»Allows you to change some aspects of the user interface of this virtual machine.

Link menu

This widget allows you to disable specific menus (click on the menu item to release it), some entries of the menu (uncheck the checkbox in the item to shut down) and the menu bar fully (uncheck the right check box).

Mini Tulbar

In full screen or screen integration, the VirtualBox screen can display a small toolbar containing some items that are usually available in the virtual machine menu bar. This toolbar boils down to a small gray line while you do not press it with the mouse. Using the toolbar, you can return from the full screen or screen integration mode, perform the control of the machine or turn on certain devices. If you do not want to see the toolbar, disconnect this option.

The second setup allows you to display the toolbar at the top of the screen, and not show it down.

Bar status

This widget allows you to disable certain icons in the status bar (uncheck the flag from the icon to turn it off) to change the icons in places (for this drag the icon) and completely disable the status bar (uncheck the left checkbox).

Installation on a computer software, especially a little-known, is always associated with a certain risk. The program may contain an error system that affect the stability of the error system, built-in advertising or tracking modules and other unwanted elements. In addition, any software leaves in the system traces that can have no best influence on its work. As for the experiments with Windows, then there is still more risky, because sometimes even insignificant change in the registry data or modification of system files can lead to the most unpleasant consequences.

Ask how to avoid them? Very simple, use virtualization systems, for example, VirtualBox virtual machine - a special program that allows you to install, start and testing different operating systems in an isolated environment. With such virtual computers, you can do anything - install programs on them, configure, modify system files, work with disks and partitions, in one word, to produce any experiments. If the virtual OS is damaged, you can restore it from the snapshot or deleted at all - to the host, that is, the main working system, it will not have any influence.

Installing VirtualBox for Windows

Perhaps someone else may seem complicated, but in fact, there is nothing in working with VirtualBox, with anything to cope with the novice user. So how to use VirtualBox? As usual, everything starts with the installation. We go to the developer website www.orcle.com/virtualization/virtualbox/index.html and download the latest version of the program.

Installing VirtualBox on Windows 7/10 is almost no different from the installation of most other programs, you just need to follow the instructions of the wizard and change nothing in its parameters. When the procedure is completed, you will receive a ready-made virtualization platform.

Creating and basic configuration of the virtual machine

Like the installation of VirtualBox, the creation and configuration of the virtual computer does not represent a special difficulty, the program automatically selects the best configuration depending on the operating system being installed. Control from the user, however, does not prevent.

Create an example virtual machine for Windows 10 32-bit. We run VirtualBox and click on the "Create" button on the toolbar. In the window that opens, we give a machine name (may be arbitrary), in the drop-down lists, select the operating system and its version.

At the next step, it will be prompted to specify the amount of the allocated virtual machine of RAM. There are no strict rules relative to the RAM allocated, it is desirable for 32-bit Windows to reserve at least 1 GB of memory for 64-bit - at least 1.8-2 GB.

At the third stage, a virtual hard disk is created, we leave everything here by default. We click "Create", the type of disk is chosen VDI or VHD.

As for the storage format, it is better to choose "dynamic", so you will save time and place on physical disk, Losing, truth, a bit in performance.

The size of the virtual disk is installed as desired, but not less than indicated in the requirements of the operating system. Click "Create".

The virtual machine is created and now you can quickly run through its settings. First of all, however, go to the settings of the VirtualBox program itself and on the General tab, change the path to the storage catalog of virtual machines. It is best to highlight for them a folder on a Disk D, where the places most.

Now go to the settings of the created VM and check the following parameters:

• In the "General" section on the "Advanced" tab, if necessary, the path to the PM images files (preferably post in the folder with the basic file-container VM). Here you can enable the overall clipboard for host and virtual machines.
• If you want to install the EFI / GPT system, in the "System" section, be sure to check the checkbox in the checkbox "Enable EFI (Special OS only)".
• To be able to run on the 3D application virtual machine, in the "Display" section, mark the Bird Checkbox "Enable 3D Acceleration".

Setting up the Internet and shared folders

If you plan to provide access to VM to other local users physical networkIn the VirtualBox settings, you should select the connection type "Network Bridge". To ensure the interaction between different virtual machines, the "Virtual Host Adapter" mode is used to connect the guest OS to a single internal network - the "Internal Network" mode. There is also a type of connection "Universal Driver", but it is used much less often.

Of particular interest are common folders in VirtualBox, thanks to which the user can share between host and virtual machines by any files. You can connect such a directory in the "Shared Folders" section. To do this, click on the plus side in front of the "Machine Folder" item, select the folder on the hard disk through the review and draw it, without forgetting to establish a bird in a checkbox "Auto-connection".

Run VM and installation of the operating system

Now you know how to configure VirtualBox and created VM. Next, let's see how to install the operating system on it. The procedure for installing an OS on a virtual box is practically no different from its installation on a physical computer, except instead of the boot flash drive or a DVD disc. iSO image. Run the created virtual machine and specify the path to the loading ISO image in the window that opens.

Will begin standard procedure Installations during which it will be proposed to accept license agreement, Create a disk, and upon completion of copying system files, create a user account.

The guest operating system is installed, but some functions, in particular, shared folders and clipboard, will not work until you install a special plugin - guest OS supplements. In addition, without these additions, you will not be able to set the screen resolution, connect to the virtual machine flash drive, etc. To download, fortunately, nothing needed, the additions of the guest OS are supplied with VirtualBox. All you need to do is choose the option in the Virtual Operating System menu Devices - Connect the disk image of the guest OS supplements.

Go to the "This Computer" section in the Virtual OS, open the drive VirtualBox Guest Additions. And if the system does not offer this itself, run the executable file Vboxwindowsadditions.exe..

Set add-ons as a regular program by accepting security agreement, and restart the virtual computer.

Guest system is ready for use, it remains only to check the operation of the network. Stop in detail on how to set up the Internet in VirtualBox we will not. If you chose NAT, the VM will connect to the Internet automatically. With other types of connections, most likely will have to be a little tinted. Remember the main thing if the IP address for your main computer is issued by the router automatically, the same settings must be exhibited in parameters network adapter virtual system. If settings are manually assigned, then in the network adapter parameters of the guest system, they must also be assigned manually.

Main problems when working with VirtualBox

VirtualBox is a stable and high-quality software product, and if users have to deal with problems in the process of its operation, then the reasons for the last most often become errors of the users themselves. So, with an error "Could not open a session for a virtual machine" (code E_Fail 0x80004005) will have to face those who try to run virtual machines on VirtualBox with active Hyper-V. The reason is the incompatibility of these virtualization platforms. If you are going to use VirtualBox, please turn off the Hyper-V and vice versa.

However, a disabled virtualization function in the BIOS can lead to the same error. This will indicate the unavailability of hardware virtualization options in the Virtual Machine Settings (VT-X / AMD-V and Nested Paging in the section System - acceleration). By the way, these options must be enabled even with active virtualization in the BIOS, otherwise the VM will also not start.

The fall in the BSOD in the BSOD is started - a common problem caused by a lack of physical computer resources allocated by the guest operating system. When creating a virtual machine in VirtualBox you need to ensure that allocated resources meet the requirements of the operating system.

The blue screen of death can also be caused by the Hyper-V host and inconsistency of the controller types. If earlier the virtual disk was connected to SATA, and then you connected it to the IDE, the operation of the guest OS will be completed critical error With a fall in BSOD. A question is solved by creating a new compatible controller and connecting a container file with a guest system.

The inability to launch a VM can bring a random removal of the user's image files. It is necessary to delete snapshots correctly - through the "Pictures" section, otherwise you will have to fully reinstall the guest system. If you do not start the VirtualBox itself or when it is started, the "Cannot Access The Kernel Driver!" Error is given, most likely the program will have to be removed, and then install it.